Ferroelectric FET-based context-switching FPGA enabling dynamic reconfiguration for adaptive deep learning machines.

Field programmable gate array (FPGA) is widely used in the acceleration of deep learning applications because of its reconfigurability, flexibility, and fast time-to-market. However, conventional FPGA suffers from the trade-off between chip area and reconfiguration latency, making efficient FPGA accelerations that require switching between multiple configurations still elusive. Here, we propose a ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET)-based context-switching FPGA supporting dynamic reconfiguration to break this trade-off, enabling loading of arbitrary configuration without interrupting the active configuration execution. Leveraging the intrinsic structure and nonvolatility of FeFETs, compact FPGA primitives are proposed and experimentally verified. The evaluation results show our design shows a 63.0%/74.7% reduction in a look-up table (LUT)/connection block (CB) area and 82.7%/53.6% reduction in CB/switch box power consumption with a minimal penalty in the critical path delay (9.6%). Besides, our design yields significant time savings by 78.7 and 20.3% on average for context-switching and dynamic reconfiguration applications, respectively.

The ß2-adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline upregulates T helper-17 cells in a protein kinase A-dependent manner.

BACKGROUND: T helper 17 (Th17) cells produce IL-17A cytokine and can exacerbate autoimmune diseases and asthma. The ß2 adrenergic receptor is a g protein-coupled receptor that induces cAMP second messenger pathways. We tested the hypothesis that terbutaline, a ß2-adrenergic receptor-specific agonist, promotes IL-17 secretion by memory Th17 cells in a cAMP and PKA-dependent manner. METHODS: Venous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy human participants were activated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Secreted IL-17A was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, intracellular IL-17A, and RORγ were measured using flow cytometry, and RORC by qPCR. Memory CD3+CD4+CD45RA-CD45RO+ T cells were obtained by immunomagnetic negative selection and activated with tri-antibody complex CD3/CD28/CD2. Secreted IL-17A, intracellular IL-17A, RORC were measured, and phosphorylated-serine133-CREB was measured by western blotting memory Th cells. RESULTS: Terbutaline increased IL-17A (p < 0.001), IL-17A+ cells (p < 0.05), and RORC in activated PBMC and memory Th cells. The PKA inhibitors H89 (p < 0.001) and Rp-cAMP (p < 0.01) abrogated the effects of terbutaline on IL-17A secretion in PBMC and memory T cells. Rolipram increased IL-17A (p < 0.01) to a similar extent as terbutaline. P-Ser133-CREB was increased by terbutaline (p < 0.05) in memory T cells. CONCLUSION: Terbutaline augments memory Th17 cells in lymphocytes from healthy participants. This could exacerbate autoimmune diseases or asthma, in cases where Th17 cells are considered to be pro-inflammatory.

Beneficial Perturbation Network for Designing General Adaptive Artificial Intelligence Systems.

The human brain is the gold standard of adaptive learning. It not only can learn and benefit from experience, but also can adapt to new situations. In contrast, deep neural networks only learn one sophisticated but fixed mapping from inputs to outputs. This limits their applicability to more dynamic situations, where the input to output mapping may change with different contexts. A salient example is continual learning-learning new independent tasks sequentially without forgetting previous tasks. Continual learning of multiple tasks in artificial neural networks using gradient descent leads to catastrophic forgetting, whereby a previously learned mapping of an old task is erased when learning new mappings for new tasks. Herein, we propose a new biologically plausible type of deep neural network with extra, out-of-network, task-dependent biasing units to accommodate these dynamic situations. This allows, for the first time, a single network to learn potentially unlimited parallel input to output mappings, and to switch on the fly between them at runtime. Biasing units are programed by leveraging beneficial perturbations (opposite to well-known adversarial perturbations) for each task. Beneficial perturbations for a given task bias the network toward that task, essentially switching the network into a different mode to process that task. This largely eliminates catastrophic interference between tasks. Our approach is memory-efficient and parameter-efficient, can accommodate many tasks, and achieves the state-of-the-art performance across different tasks and domains.

Educação permanente em saúde mental: percepção da equipe de enfermagem / Permanent education in mental health: perception of the nursing team

Objetivo: compreender a percepção dos trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem sobre a educação permanente em saúde mental. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório, desenvolvido em três unidades de internação de um hospital geral. Realizou-se a coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 15 trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem. Fundamentou-se a análise dos dados no método de Análise do Fenômeno Situado. Resultados: aponta-se que os trabalhadores identificaram experiências com usuários de saúde mental marcadas por dificuldades no exercício do cuidado, em virtude da carência de conhecimento específico e experiência. Verificou-se que, quando as ações de educação permanente abordam temáticas técnicoassistenciais, motiva-se a necessidade de buscar informação, por meio das discussões entre pares e/ou da pesquisa individual. Conclusão: a educação permanente em saúde mental permite que a equipe de enfermagem repense as práticas, o processo de trabalho e o cuidar em saúde mental, de modo mais humanizado e em conformidade com a Reforma Psiquiátrica. Observa-se que a Enfermagem deve ser capaz de desenvolver habilidades para o manejo de situações específicas e gerar segurança e conforto aos profissionais para a oferta do cuidado.(AU)

Objective: to understand the perception of nursing team workers about permanent education in mental health. Method: qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study, developed in three inpatient units of a general hospital. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 workers on the nursing team. Data analysis was based on the Situated Phenomenon Analysis method. Results: the workers reported experiences with mental health patients marked by difficulties in the exercise of care due to the lack of specific knowledge and experience. When permanent education actions address technical-assistance issues, the need to seek information is motivated through peer discussions and/or individual research. Conclusion: permanent education in mental health allows the nursing team to rethink practices, the work processes, and mental health care ina more humane way and in accordance with the psychiatric reform. It is observed that the nursing team must be able to develop skills for handling specific situations and generate safety and comfort for professionals to provide care.

Objectivo: compreender la percepción del personal de enfermeira sobre la educación permanente en salud mental. Método: estúdio cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio, desarrollado en tres unidades de internación de un hospital general. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 15 trabajadores del equipo de enfermería. El análisis de datos se basó en el método de Análisis de Fenómeno Situado. Resultados: se señala que los trabajadores indentificaron experiências con usuarios de salud mental marcadas por dificultades en el ejercício del cuidado, debido a la falta de conocimientos y experiencia específicos. Se encontró que, cuando las acciones de educación permanente abordan temas de asistencia técnica, se motiva la necesidad de buscar información, a través de discusiones entre pares y / o investigación individual. Conclusión: la educación permanente en salud mental permite al equipo de enfermería repensar las prácticas, el proceso de trabajo y el cuidado de la salud mental, de una manera más humanizada y acorde con la Reforma Psiquiátrica. Se observa que na Enfermería debe ser capaz de desarrollar habilidades para el manejo de situaciones específicas y generar seguridad y comodidad para que los profesionales brinden cuidados.(AU)

Protein Supplementation During or Following a Marathon Run Influences Post-Exercise Recovery.

The effects of protein supplementation on the ratings of energy/fatigue, muscle soreness [ascending (A) and descending (D) stairs], and serum creatine kinase levels following a marathon run were examined. Variables were compared between recreational male and female runners ingesting carbohydrate + protein (CP) during the run (CPDuring, n = 8) versus those that were consuming carbohydrate (CHODuring,n = 8). In a second study, outcomes were compared between subjects who consumed CP or CHO immediately following exercise [CPPost (n = 4) versus CHOPost (n = 4)]. Magnitude-based inferences revealed no meaningful differences between treatments 24 h post-marathon. At 72 h, recovery [Δ(72 hr-Pre)] was likely improved with CPDuring versus CHODuring, respectively, for Physical Energy (+14 ± 64 vs -74 ± 70 mm), Mental Fatigue (-52 ± 59 vs +1 ± 11 mm), and Soreness-D (+15 ± 9 vs +21 ± 70 mm). In addition, recovery at 72 h was likely-very likely improved with CPPost versus CHOPost for Physical Fatigue, Mental Energy, and Soreness-A. Thus, protein supplementation did not meaningfully alter recovery during the initial 24 h following a marathon. However, ratings of energy/fatigue and muscle soreness were improved over 72 h when CP was consumed during exercise, or immediately following the marathon.

Linfoma primario cutáneo difuso de Células B grandes, tipo pierna / Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma, leg type (PCLBCL-LT)

El PCLBCL-LT es un trastorno linfoproliferativo infrecuente de mal pronóstico, que afecta principalmente ancianos con fuerte predominio en mujeres, caracterizado por nóduloso tumores rojo azulados, solitarios o agrupados en las piernas. El exámen histopatológico presenta células grandes como centroblastos e inmunoblastos, con fenotipo para linaje B y fuerte expresión para Bcl-2. El tratamiento para lesiones solitarias o poco numerosas consiste en radioterapia, y en casos de compromiso multifocal poliquimioterapia.Comunicamos un caso de una paciente de 74 años con PCLBCL-LT, con antecedente de leucemia linfocítica crónica (LLC), que consultó por tumores eritematosos de rápida evoluciónen las piernas y el brazo izquierdo. Se planteó como diagnóstico un linfoma cutáneo primario de células B, así como también se estableció diagnóstico diferencial con el síndrome de Richter, linfomas cutáneos CD 30 + y leucemia cutis...

Identificación de DNA de papilomavirus humano en condilomas anogenitales de una población masculina / DNA identification of human papillomavirus in anogenital condyloma of a male population

Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are the cause of benign human anogenital lesions where HPV 6 and HPV 11 are most commonly found. Conversely, HPV 16, 18, 31 and 33 are frequently detected in genital carcinomas and are thus considered as oncogenic types. In order to analyze the prevalence of specific HPV types in an Argentine male population, 43 anogenital lesions from different patients with diagnosis of condyloma acuminata were analyzed. These lesions were localized in different regions of the male genitalia comprising the corona glandis, urethral meatus, skin of the penis, scrotum and anus. The biopsies were screened for the presence of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 30, 31 and 33 by Southern blot at different stringent conditions of hybridization (Tm -48 degrees C and Tm -20 degrees C). HPV DNA was found in 41 examined cases (95.3) with a clear prevalence of HPV 6 and HPV 11 types (51.2 and 23.3 respectively). Six samples (14.0) were positive only under nonstringent conditions of hybridization. Mixed infections between HPV 16, 18, 30, 31, 33 or a HPV 30 related type with HPV 6 or HPV 11 were detected in 8 specimens (18.6). Only one case was between HPV 16 and HPV 30. Two additional samples were only positive for HPV 30. Experiments in progress about the prevalence of HPV types in female lesions as well as in normal subjects will contribute to complete the description of the epidemiology of these infections in Argentina.

Identificación de DNA de papilomavirus humano en condilomas anogenitales de una población masculina / DNA identification of human papillomavirus in anogenital condyloma of a male population

Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are the cause of benign human anogenital lesions where HPV 6 and HPV 11 are most commonly found. Conversely, HPV 16, 18, 31 and 33 are frequently detected in genital carcinomas and are thus considered as oncogenic types. In order to analyze the prevalence of specific HPV types in an Argentine male population, 43 anogenital lesions from different patients with diagnosis of condyloma acuminata were analyzed. These lesions were localized in different regions of the male genitalia comprising the corona glandis, urethral meatus, skin of the penis, scrotum and anus. The biopsies were screened for the presence of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 30, 31 and 33 by Southern blot at different stringent conditions of hybridization (Tm -48 degrees C and Tm -20 degrees C). HPV DNA was found in 41 examined cases (95.3) with a clear prevalence of HPV 6 and HPV 11 types (51.2 and 23.3 respectively). Six samples (14.0) were positive only under nonstringent conditions of hybridization. Mixed infections between HPV 16, 18, 30, 31, 33 or a HPV 30 related type with HPV 6 or HPV 11 were detected in 8 specimens (18.6). Only one case was between HPV 16 and HPV 30. Two additional samples were only positive for HPV 30. Experiments in progress about the prevalence of HPV types in female lesions as well as in normal subjects will contribute to complete the description of the epidemiology of these infections in Argentina.(Au)