Fissuras labiopalatinas – diagnóstico e tratamento contemporâneos / Cleft Lip and Palate – contemporary diagnosis and treatment

As deformidades dentofaciais acentuadas, entre as quais estão as fissuras labiopalatais, são as que mais dificuldade impõem ao cirurgião dentista no seu reconhecimento, diagnóstico e planejamento do tratamento. Este artigo objetiva reunir informações atuais sobre as fissuras labiopalatais, servindo como fonte para pesquisa, auxiliando no diagnóstico e propiciando noções básicas sobre o plano de tratamento

Severe dentofacial deformities, among which are the Cleft Lip and Palate are the most demanding to the dentist in recognition, diagnosis and treatment planning. This article aims to gather current information about the Cleft Lip and Palate, serving as a source for research, aiding in the diagnosis and providing basics of the treatment plan.

Orthodontic traction in a patient with cleidocranial dysplasia: 3 years of follow-up.

This case report describes the treatment and long-term follow-up care of a patient diagnosed with cleidocranial dysplasia who had multiple impacted permanent and supernumerary teeth. The aim of the treatment was to provide an adequate esthetic and functional reconstruction of the occlusion with good periodontal care. The patient was treated with a multidisciplinary therapeutic protocol including orthodontic and surgical procedures, and traction of 11 permanent teeth. The proposed objectives of good occlusion, normal function, healthy periodontium, and balanced profile were achieved, and the 3-year follow-up records showed stable results.

Class I malocclusion with anterior crossbite and severe crowding.

This article reports the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning carried out with a 14-year and 5-month-old female patient with esthetic and functional complaints. She presented an Angle Class I malocclusion, anterior crossbite and severe crowding in both maxillary and mandibular arches, in addition to a lightly concave straight facial profile. Orthodontic treatment did not require extraction. Crossbite was corrected by protrusion of upper teeth, which contributed to alignment and leveling of teeth, in addition to improving the patient's facial profile. The case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as a requirement for the BBO certification.

Class I malocclusion with anterior crossbite and severe crowding

This article reports the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning carried out with a 14-year and 5-month-old female patient with esthetic and functional complaints. She presented an Angle Class I malocclusion, anterior crossbite and severe crowding in both maxillary and mandibular arches, in addition to a lightly concave straight facial profile. Orthodontic treatment did not require extraction. Crossbite was corrected by protrusion of upper teeth, which contributed to alignment and leveling of teeth, in addition to improving the patient's facial profile. The case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as a requirement for the BBO certification.

Esse artigo relata o diagnóstico, planejamento e execução do tratamento ortodôntico de uma paciente com 14 anos e 5 meses de idade, cuja queixa principal era estética e funcional. A paciente portava má oclusão de Classe I de Angle, mordida cruzada anterior e falta de espaço severo nas arcadas superior e inferior. O perfil facial era reto, com tendência a côncavo. O tratamento ortodôntico foi realizado sem necessidade de exodontias, com a correção da mordida cruzada por meio da projeção dos dentes superiores, o que auxiliou no alinhamento e nivelamento dentário, além de melhorar o perfil facial da paciente. Esse caso foi apresentado ao Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO) como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Diplomado pelo BBO.

Evaluation of mechanical properties of five cements for orthodontic band cementation

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the flexural, compressive and diametral tensile strengths of five cements used in orthodontics for band cementation. Twelve specimens of each cement were tested: 1 - GC Fuji Ortho Band (FJ), GC America Inc.; 2 - Meron (MR), Voco; 3 - Multi-Cure Glass Ionomer Band Cement (MC), 3M Unitek; 4 - Band-Lok (BL), Reliance Orthodontic Products; and 5 - Ketac Cem (KC), 3M ESPE. The results (mean) for diametral tensile strength were: 10.51 MPa (FJ), 9.60 MPa (MR), 20.04 MPa (MC), 42.80 MPa (BL), and 4.08 MPa (KC). The results for compressive strength were (in the same order): 64.50 MPa, 77.71 MPa, 94.21 MPa, 193.88 MPa, and 81.93 MPa. The results for flexural strength were (in the same order): 20.72 MPa, 25.84 MPa, 53.41 MPa, 137.41 MPa, and 20.50 MPa. The statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests with p-value £ 0.05. In terms of diametral tensile strength, BL showed the highest strength statistically, and MC, the second highest. In terms of compressive tensile strength, BL showed the highest strength statistically, and FJ did not attain the minimum recommended strength. In terms of flexural tensile strength, BL cement was superior to MC, and MR, FJ and KC were equivalent and inferior to BL and MC.

Evaluation of mechanical properties of five cements for orthodontic band cementation.

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the flexural, compressive and diametral tensile strengths of five cements used in orthodontics for band cementation. Twelve specimens of each cement were tested: 1 - GC Fuji Ortho Band (FJ), GC America Inc.; 2 - Meron (MR), Voco; 3 - Multi-Cure Glass Ionomer Band Cement (MC), 3M Unitek; 4 - Band-Lok (BL), Reliance Orthodontic Products; and 5 - Ketac Cem (KC), 3M ESPE. The results (mean) for diametral tensile strength were: 10.51 MPa (FJ), 9.60 MPa (MR), 20.04 MPa (MC), 42.80 MPa (BL), and 4.08 MPa (KC). The results for compressive strength were (in the same order): 64.50 MPa, 77.71 MPa, 94.21 MPa, 193.88 MPa, and 81.93 MPa. The results for flexural strength were (in the same order): 20.72 MPa, 25.84 MPa, 53.41 MPa, 137.41 MPa, and 20.50 MPa. The statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests with p-value £ 0.05. In terms of diametral tensile strength, BL showed the highest strength statistically, and MC, the second highest. In terms of compressive tensile strength, BL showed the highest strength statistically, and FJ did not attain the minimum recommended strength. In terms of flexural tensile strength, BL cement was superior to MC, and MR, FJ and KC were equivalent and inferior to BL and MC.

Combining traditional techniques to correct anterior open bite and posterior crossbite.

The treatment of anterior open bite often requires the use of skeletal anchorage to prevent excessive eruption of the posterior teeth and consequent downward rotation of the mandible. However, this procedure might not always be accomplished. This article reports the successful treatment of an anterior open bite and a posterior crossbite in a young boy, combining traditional techniques and involving high-pull maxillary traction to help growth to correct the skeletal Class II malocclusion without skeletal anchorage. The vertical dentoalveolar contribution of maxillary growth was also favorable to close the bite, whereas cross-elastics corrected the axial inclination of the mandibular posterior teeth, eliminating the inverted posterior crossbite. The open bite was completely closed with edgewise appliances, which also achieved normal overjet, intercuspation, and incisor exposure on smiling. Traditional mechanics for the treatment of open bite and crossbite remain a useful alternative when patients do not accept skeletal anchorage.

Evaluation of the lower incisor inclination during alignment and leveling using superelastic NiTi archwires: a laboratory study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this laboratory study is to evaluate the influence of the shape and the length limitation of superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires on lower incisors inclination during alignment and leveling. METHODS: Metal teeth mounted on a typodont articulator device were used to simulate a malocclusion of the mandibular arch (-3.5 mm model discrepancy). Three different shapes (Standard, Accuform and Ideal) of superelastic NiTi archwires (Sentalloy, GAC, USA) were tested. Specimens were divided in two groups: Group I, with no limitation of the archwire length; and Group II, with distal limitation. Each group had thirty specimens divided into three subgroups differentiated by the archwire shape. All groups used round wires with diameters of 0.014-in, 0.016-in, 0.018-in and 0.020-in. The recording of all intervals was accomplished using standardized digital photographs with orthogonal norm in relation to median sagittal plane. The buccolingual inclination of the incisor was registered using photographs and software CorelDraw. RESULTS: The results were obtained using ANOVA and Tukey's test at a significant level of 5%. The inclination of the lower incisor increased in both groups and subgroups. The shape of the archwire had statistically significant influence only in Group I - Standard (11.76º), Ideal (5.88º) and Accuform (1.93º). Analyzing the influence of the length limitation, despite the mean incisor tipping in Group II (3.91º) had been smaller than Group I (6.52º), no statistically significant difference was found, except for Standard, 3.89º with limitation and 11.76º without limitation. The greatest incisor tipping occurred with the 0.014-in archwires.

Ideal treatment protocol for cleft lip and palate patient from mixed to permanent dentition.

A girl with an Angle Class III malocclusion, anterior and posterior crossbites, a concave profile, and cleft lip and palate sought orthodontic treatment. She was treated with a multidisciplinary therapeutic protocol including orthodontic and surgical procedures. The proposed objectives of occlusion, normal function, and balanced profile were achieved, and these results remained stable 4 years after the treatment.

Influência da exposição gengival na estética do sorriso / Influence of gingival exposure on the smile aesthetics

OBJETIVO: este estudo se propôs a avaliar a influência da quantidade de exposição gengival na estética do sorriso para os sexos feminino e masculino, e se existe diferença de opinião entre ortodontistas, clínicos gerais e pessoas leigas. MÉTODOS: utilizaram-se fotografias da face durante o sorriso de um indivíduo do sexo feminino e de um indivíduo do sexo masculino. As fotos foram alteradas digitalmente para produzir cinco diferentes níveis de exposição gengival, que variaram de exposição gengival de 4mm até a cobertura dos incisivos superiores pelo lábio superior em 4mm. As fotografias foram impressas em tamanho real da face, dispostas aleatoriamente em um álbum e foram classificadas por 30 ortodontistas, 30 clínicos gerais e 30 leigos, quanto à atratividade do sorriso, em péssimo, ruim, regular, bom ou ótimo. RESULTADOS: o sorriso mais estético para o indivíduo do sexo feminino, tanto para ortodontistas, clínicos gerais e leigos, foi aquele em que o lábio superior repousa na margem cervical dos incisivos superiores, mostrando toda a coroa dos incisivos (p<0,05). Para o indivíduo do sexo masculino, o sorriso mais estético, para pessoas leigas, foi com o lábio na altura da margem cervical dos incisivos superiores (p<0,05), sendo que ortodontistas e clínicos gerais consideraram tanto o lábio na altura da margem cervical como o lábio superior cobrindo os incisivos superiores em 2mm como os mais estéticos (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: a estética do sorriso para mulheres e homens foi influenciada pela quantidade de exposição gengival, havendo diferença de opinião entre ortodontistas, clínicos gerais e leigos.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of gingival exposure on smile esthetics and to compare different opinions among orthodontists, clinicians and laypersons.METHODS: Photographs of smiling faces of a male and a female subject were manipulated on the computer with different gingival exposure levels, ranging from 4 mm of gingival exposure to 4 mm of upper lip incisor coverage. The photographs were printed in actual size of the face, and randomly analyzed by 30 orthodontists, 30 clinicians and 30 laypersons. The faces were rated as very poor, poor, regular, good and very good according to the smile attractiveness.RESULTS: The most attractive female smile, judged by the orthodontists, clinicians and laypersons, was the one where the upper lip rests on the gingival margin of the upper incisor, showing the whole incisor crown (P<0.05). For the male subject, the most attractive smile according to laypersons, was the one with the upper lip resting on the gingival margin of the crown of the maxillary incisor; while orthodontists and clinicians considered both the upper lip on the gingival margin of the maxillary incisor's crown and 2 mm upper lip incisor coverage as the most esthetics (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Smile attractiveness is influenced by the gingival exposure, and different opinions are observed among orthodontists, clinicians and laypersons.

Avaliação das propriedades mecânicas de quatro cimentos de ionômero de vidro convencionais utilizados na cimentação de bandas ortodônticas / Evaluation of mechanical properties of four conventional glass ionomer cements used in orthodontic bands cementation

OBJETIVO: objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a resistência flexural, resistência à compressão e resistência à tração diametral de quatro diferentes cimentos de ionômero de vidro convencionais utilizados para cimentação de bandas ortodônticas (Vidrion C/SS White; Meron/Voco; Ketac Cem/3M ESPE; Vivaglasss/Ivoclar-Vivadent). METODOLOGIA: foram confeccionados 12 corpos-de-prova para cada cimento, em cada teste, seguindo a norma 66 da ADA para resistência à tração diametral e à compressão, e norma 4049 da ISO para resistência flexural. Os testes foram feitos após 24 horas de armazenagem em água destilada a 37ºC, na máquina de testes Universal Instron 4444 sob velocidade de 0,75mm/minuto para resistência flexural e 1mm/min para resistência à tração diametral e à compressão. Os resultados obtidos para o teste de resistência flexural foram: 25,85 ± 5,43MPa (Meron); 21,85 ± 6,96MPa (Vidrion C); 20,85 ± 4,17MPa (Vivaglass); 20,50 ± 4,89MPa (Ketac Cem). Para o teste de compressão os resultados foram (na mesma ordem): 77,72 ± 20,21MPa; 56,49 ± 8,54MPa; 47,84 ± 9,25MPa; 81,93 ± 13,37MPa. RESULTADOS: os resultados para o teste de resistência à tração diametral foram (na mesma ordem): 9,59 ± 2,09MPa; 5,25 ± 1,29MPa; 7,69 ± 2,09MPa; 4,08 ± 1,32MPa. RESULTADOS: os quatro cimentos mostraram-se estatisticamente equivalentes quanto ao teste de resistência flexural. Os cimentos Meron e Ketac Cem foram estatisticamente mais resistentes à compressão que o Vidrion C e o Vivaglass. Em relação ao teste de resistência à tração diametral, o cimento Meron mostrou-se estatisticamente superior aos demais.

AIM: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the flexural strength, the compressive strength and the diametral tensile strength of four conventional glass-ionomer cements (Vidrion C/SS White; Meron/Voco; Ketac Cem/3M ESPE; Vivaglass/Ivoclar-Vivadent) used in Orthodontics for band cementation. METHODS: Twelve specimens of each cement were prepared for each test. Specimens were fabricated according to ISO 4049 (flexural strength) and to the ADA specification #66 (compressive strength and diametral tensile strength). Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours, and tested using an Instron Universal Testing Machine 4444 with crosshead speeds of 0.75mm/minute (flexural strength) and 1mm/minute (compressive strength and diametral strength). RESULTS: The results (mean ± SD, in MPa) for flexural strength were: 25.85 ± 5.43 (Meron); 21.85 ± 6.96 (Vidrion C); 20.85 ± 4.17 (Vivaglass); 20.50 ± 4.89 (Ketac Cem). Compressive strength (in the same order): 77.72 ± 20.21; 56.49 ± 8.54; 47.84 ± 9.25; 81.93 ± 13.37. The results for diametral tensile strength were (in the same order): 9.59 ± 2.09; 5.25 ± 1.29; 7.69 ± 2.09; 4.08 ± 1.32. CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant difference was detected in the flexural strength among the different groups. Meron and Ketac Cem yielded greater mean compressive strength values than Vidrion C and Vivaglass. Meron resulted in significantly higher diametral tensile strength mean value than the other cements.

Mordida cruzada posterior: uma classificação mais didática / Posterior crossbite: a more didactic classification

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma nova classificação de mordida cruzada posterior, sendo esta mais didática e de fácil entendimento, diferindo das demais em sua nomenclatura, preservando, no entanto, os princípios fundamentais que regem a Ortodontia. Essa classificação torna o processo de diagnóstico da mordida cruzada posterior sistematizado, tornando-o mais preciso, auxiliando o clínico na elaboração de um plano de tratamento adequado e, como conseqüência, levando a um prognóstico mais favorável dessa má oclusão.

The aim of this work is to present a new posterior crossbite classification, being this more didactic and of easy understanding, differing from the others in your nomenclature, preserving, however, the basic principles that govern the Orthodontics. This new classification makes the posterior crossbite diagnosis process systematized and accurate, assisting the clinician in the elaboration of a suitable treatment plan and as consequence, leading to more favorable prognostic of this malocclusion.

Analysis of the smile photograph.

Optimal facial esthetics is one of the objectives in orthodontic treatment and an important issue in modern society. In this context, orthodontic treatment permits individuals with dental malpositions to achieve improved dentofacial esthetics. To reach this result, the orthodontist needs to recognize the characteristics considered normal and pleasant in dental arches and smiles. The objective of this article is to review and discuss criterion adopted by dental literature to technically analyze the smile, such as dental midline, smile line, dental exposure, negative space, dental proportion, and symmetry. This article proposes a way to visualize an ideal smile for each patient.

Expansão maxilar rápida não cirúrgica em paciente adulto. Uma alternativa possível / Non-surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion in adults. A possible alternative

Este artigo teve como objetivo demonstrar a possibilidade de expansão maxilar rápida sem assistência cirúrgica em paciente adulto, relatando um caso clínico com mordida cruzada posterior unilateral esquelética tratada com disjuntor de Haas modificado

Esthetic influence of negative space in the buccal corridor during smiling.

The purpose of this study was to measure and verify the esthetic influence of the bilateral spaces between maxillary teeth and lip corners, called negative space (NS), during smile. The sample was comprised of 60 smile photographs obtained from 60 individuals (30 men and 30 women) aged 18 to 25 years old. Two orthodontists and two lay people evaluated these pictures regarding esthetics by a visual analogue scale. In each picture, the right and left NS were measured in millimeters and in proportion to the smile width (SW). Data were analyzed for statistical significance (P = .05). The mean NS of the sample was 6.68 +/- 1.99 mm, and the NS proportion in relation to the SW was 9.6 +/- 2.56%, for both sides of the arch. No significant asymmetries were observed between the right and left sides. The NS was significantly larger in men than in women when measured in millimeters (P = .028) (7.08 +/- 2.24 mm in men vs 6.28 +/- 1.62 mm in women), but the NS proportion to the SW was similar (9.94 +/- 2.24% in men vs 9.26 +/- 1.61% in women). When the 12 individuals with the smallest NS in proportion to SW were compared with the 12 individuals with the largest NS in proportion to SW, there was no statistical difference regarding the esthetic evaluation (P = .11). It was concluded that the NS did not influence the esthetic evaluation of smile photographs in the sample in this study, for both orthodontists and lay people.

Bond strengths and adhesive remnant index of self-etching adhesives used to bond brackets to instrumented and uninstrumented enamel.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated bond strengths of orthodontic brackets to instrumented and uninstrumented enamel using self-etching adhesive systems when compared to a total-etch adhesive system. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also determined after debonding. METHODS: 140 bovine incisors were included in acrylic resin, and divided randomly in two groups: instrumented vs. uninstrumented enamel. For the instrumented enamel, specimens had their facial enamel ground flat to 600-grit. In each group, specimens were subdivided into four experimental subgroups according to the adhesive technique used: Transbond Plus, Adper Prompt L-Pop, iBond, and Adper Single Bond, applied following manufacturers' instructions. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the treated instrumented or uninstrumented enamel with Transbond XT light-cured resin-based composite cement, and the bond strength was tested in shear mode after 7 days. One group where no etch and no adhesive were used served as a control. ARI scores were determined after debonding. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in mean bond strengths between instrumented and uninstrumented enamel for any of the adhesive systems (P > or = 0.05). No significant differences were observed for bond strengths among the adhesives tested (P = 0.308), and all experimental groups resulted in mean bond strengths significantly higher than the controls (P < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were identified when ARI scores were compared, with less adhesive remnants being observed for iBond (uninstrumented enamel) and the control groups (P < 0.05).

Agenesia de pré-molares: implicações e condutas clínicas / Premolar agenesis: clinical behaviors and implications

Agenesia é a anomalia dental encontrada com maior freqüência no ser humano. É representada pela ausência de um ou mais dentes, podendo gerar problemas no desenvolvimento do sistema estomatognático. Além disso, pode dificultar o planejamento do tratamento ortodôntico, principalmente em pacientes que procuram o ortodontista após os 10 anos de idade. Sua etiologia ainda não é totalmente conhecida, existindo um grande conjunto de hipóteses a serem consideradas. Acredita-se que há uma relação do problema com os genes humanos, pois muitas vezes são evidenciadas anomalias nos outros dentes do paciente portador da agenesia. A agenesia de pré-molares pode trazer seqüelas como molares decíduos anquilosados, gerando infra-oclusão, extrusão de dentes antagonistas, inclinação dos primeiros molares permanentes, rotação dental, aumento de espaços livres e desenvolvimento reduzido de osso alveolar. Antes de realizar qualquer tratamento, deve-se estar atento à formação tardia dos pré-molares, e um diagnóstico confiável só poderá ser realizado com pelo menos nove anos de idade. Porém, quanto mais jovem o paciente, mais alternativas de tratamento ficam disponíveis. Este artigo tem por objetivo revisar a literatura acerca das agenesias de pré-molares, enfatizando sua etiologia, prevalência, implicações e condutas clínicas a serem tomadas.

Extração de incisivo inferior em ortodontia: bases científicas / Lower incisor extraction in orthodontics: scientific basis

A extração de incisivos inferiores por motivos ortodônticos é uma modalidade de tratamento, ainda, muito discutida e até mesmo desconhecida por muitos Cirurgiões-dentistas. Essa forma de tratamento possui indicações específicas, onde cada caso deve ser analisado cuidadosamente, para que os resultados sejam os esperados e o Ortodontista não se depare com surpresas. As principais indicações para extração de incisivos mandibulares são para pacientes com um severo apinhamento no arco mandibular e para aqueles que possuem uma leve ou moderada maloclusão Classe III, com reduzida sobresaliência e sobremordida. Após a seleção correta do caso, a extração do incisivo inferior pode proporcionar o sucesso do tratamento, ou, o mesmo pode ser facilitado por alguns fatres como a proteção das estruturas de supote, minimizar ou evitar a expansão do arco, diminuir a quantidade de movimento dental, minimizar as mudanças faciais e diminuir o tempo de tratamento. Algumas das desvantagens é que, por um curto período de tempo, o paciente vai permancer com uma estética deficiente, e a sobremordida e sobresaliência acentuadas. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em fazer uma revisão de literatura, onde serão abordados os seguintes assuntos: etiologia do apinhamneto dos incisivos infeiores, indicação de extração, contra-indicações e estabilidade após o tratamento.

Estudo cefalométrico das alturas faciais anterior e posterior, em crianças brasileiras, portadoras de má oclusão Classe I de Angle, na fase de dentadura mista / Cephalometric study of the anterior and posterior facial heights in brazilian children, presenting Angle Class I malocclusion, in the mixed dentition

Realizou-se um estudo das alturas faciais anterior e posterior em 79 crianças brasileiras, sendo 46 do gênero feminino e 33 do masculino, com idade de 8 a 11 anos, portadoras de má oclusão Classe I de Angle, na fase de dentadura mista, não submetidas a tratamento ortodôntico. Esta investigação utilizou duas radiografias cefalométricas em norma lateral, de cada criança, com intervalo de 8 a 16 meses entre uma radiografia e outra, para comparação dos dados cefalométricos. Foram estudadas as proporções faciais anteriores, ou seja, a relação entre as dimensões N-Me(AFT), N-ENA(AFS), ENA-Me(AFI) e o relacionamento entre as dimensões Ar-GO(AFP) e a distância entre o plano palatino ao mento(AFA), isto é, o Índice da Altura Facial(IAF). Os resultados obtidos, possibilitaram constatar que as tendências de crescimento foram equilibradas em todas as situações estudadas; a dimensão altura facial inferior, contribuiu de forma mais significativa, nas alterações observadas na altura facial total; as proporções faciais anteriores se mantiveram em torno de 42% para a altura facial superior e 58% para a altura facial inferior; o índice da altura facial ou se manteve constante em torno de 0,66 ou apresentou uma tendência a aumentar com a idade; não ocorreu dimorfismo sexual com relação às proporções faciais e índice da altura facial.