[Peritoneal dialysis-related infections in pediatric patients: diagnosis and treatment review]. / Infecciones asociadas a diálisis peritoneal en el paciente pediátrico: diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Peritoneal dialysis-related infections are the main complication in pediatric patients undergoing this renal replacement therapy, associating a high rate of morbidity, generating also a decreasing survival of the peritoneal membrane and worsening the patient outcome. We describe the recommended diagnostic and therapeutic modalities to treat dialysis-related in children.

Infecciones asociadas a diálisis peritoneal en el paciente pediátrico: diagnóstico y tratamiento / Peritoneal dialysis-related infections in pediatric patients: diagnosis and treatment review

Resumen Las infecciones asociadas a diálisis peritoneal (DP), corresponden a la principal complicación de los pacientes pediátricos en esta terapia de reemplazo renal, disminuyendo la sobrevida de la membrana peritoneal y empeorando el pronóstico del paciente. El reconocimiento precoz y un tratamiento oportuno de éstas son fundamentales para preservar esta modalidad dialítica. Se presenta una revisión actualizada de la literatura científica, con el fin de entregar recomendaciones reproducibles en los distintos centros pediátricos que realizan diálisis peritoneal crónica en niños.

Peritoneal dialysis-related infections are the main complication in pediatric patients undergoing this renal replacement therapy, associating a high rate of morbidity, generating also a decreasing survival of the peritoneal membrane and worsening the patient outcome. We describe the recommended diagnostic and therapeutic modalities to treat dialysis-related in children.

[Neisseria subflava bacteremia in newborns: case report and review of the literature]. / Bacteriemia por Neisseria subflava en un recién nacido.

Neisseria subflava belongs to Neisseriaceae family, is considered a comensal specie, however in certain host, mainly inmunosuppresed patientes and children, the literature has documented invasive infections. We present a case of a bacteriemia due to N. subflava in a newborn, treated with cefotaxime with good outcome. In newborns, the most common Neisseria bacteria to cause invasive infections are N. meningitidis, with highly fatal clinical course and N. gonorrhoeae which compromise the eye, oftalmia neonatorum, with uncommon invasive infections. It's very important the adequate microbiological diagnosis because the biochemical tests may be inconclusive. MALDITOF mass spectrometry technique is a useful tool.

Bacteriemia por Neisseria subflava en un recién nacido / Neisseria subflava bacteremia in newborns: case report and review of the literature

Resumen Neisseria subflava es una especie considerada comensal dentro de la familia Neisseriaceae; sin embargo, en algunos hospederos inmunocomprometidos y en niños se ha documentado como agente causal de infecciones invasoras. Se presenta el caso clínico de un recién nacido con bacteriemia por N. subflava con buena respuesta a terapia con cefotaxima. Las bacterias del género Neisseria más frecuentes de causar infecciones en recién nacidos son N. meningitidis, de alta mortalidad y N. gonorrhoeae, que se manifiesta principalmente con oftalmia neonatorum. Se destaca la importancia de realizar un diagnóstico microbiológico adecuado dado que las pruebas biquímicas pueden ser no concluyentes. La técnica de espectrometría de masas MALDITOF resulta una herramienta de utilidad.

Neisseria subflava belongs to Neisseriaceae family, is considered a comensal specie, however in certain host, mainly inmunosuppresed patientes and children, the literature has documented invasive infections. We present a case of a bacteriemia due to N. subflava in a newborn, treated with cefotaxime with good outcome. In newborns, the most common Neisseria bacteria to cause invasive infections are N. meningitidis, with highly fatal clinical course and N. gonorrhoeae which compromise the eye, oftalmia neonatorum, with uncommon invasive infections. It's very important the adequate microbiological diagnosis because the biochemical tests may be inconclusive. MALDITOF mass spectrometry technique is a useful tool.

[Fatal pneumococcal meningitis due to serotype 19 A: A preventable case?]. / Meningitis neumocóccica por serotipo 19 A, de curso fatal: ¿Un caso prevenible?

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains as an important cause of morbidity in the world and in our country, while in Chile the incidence has decreased after the incorporation of the 10 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, in the routine infant inmunization schedule (EPI). One of the expected effects of the program after vaccination with 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine is the likely replacement serotype phenomenon that means the presence of ENI caused by serotypes not included in the vaccine. In this context, we present the case of a child with pneumococcal meningitis caused by serotype 19 A of fatal course. The occurrence of ENI in a later stage of pneumococcal vaccine incorporation in Chile reinforces the importance of active surveillance, in order to know in detail the impact of vaccination, distribution of circulating serotypes and their correlation with the different clinical disease and their severity.

Meningitis neumocóccica por serotipo 19 A, de curso fatal: ¿Un caso prevenible? / Fatal pneumococcal meningitis due to serotype 19 A: A preventable case?

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains as an important cause of morbidity in the world and in our country, while in Chile the incidence has decreased after the incorporation of the 10 valent pneumococcal conju-gate vaccine, in the routine infant inmunization schedule (EPI). One of the expected effects of the program after vaccination with 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine is the likely replacement serotype phenomenon that means the presence of ENI caused by serotypes not included in the vaccine. In this context, we present the case of a child with pneumococcal meningitis caused by serotype 19 A of fatal course. The occurrence of ENI in a later stage of pneumococcal vaccine incorporation in Chile reinforces the importance of active surveillance, in order to know in detail the impact of vaccination, distribution of circulating serotypes and their correlation with the different clinical disease and their severity.

La enfermedad neumocóccica invasora (ENI) sigue siendo una causa importante de morbilidad en el mundo y en nuestro país, si bien en Chile la incidencia ha disminuido luego de la incorporación de la vacuna neumocóccica conjugada 10-valente al Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones (PNI). Uno de los efectos esperables luego de la vacunación programática con la vacuna antineumocóccica 10-valente es el probable fenómeno de reemplazo, que corresponde a la presencia de ENI por serotipos no incluidos en la vacuna. En este contexto, se presenta el caso de un pre-escolar con meningitis neumocóccica causada por el serotipo 19 A, de curso fatal. La presencia de casos de ENI en una etapa posterior a la implementación de la vacuna anti-neumocóccica en el PNI de Chile, demuestra la importancia de realizar una vigilancia activa, con el objetivo de conocer en forma detallada el impacto de la vacunación, la distribución de los serotipos circulantes y su correlación con los diferentes cuadros clínicos y su evolución.