Using Principles of Digital Development for a Smartphone App to Support Data Collection in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Physical Activity Intolerance: Case Study.

BACKGROUND: Advances in health have highlighted the need to implement technologies as a fundamental part of the diagnosis, treatment, and recovery of patients at risk of or with health alterations. For this purpose, digital platforms have demonstrated their applicability in the identification of care needs. Nursing is a fundamental component in the care of patients with cardiovascular disorders and plays a crucial role in diagnosing human responses to these health conditions. Consequently, the validation of nursing diagnoses through ongoing research processes has become a necessity that can significantly impact both patients and health care professionals. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the process of developing a mobile app to validate the nursing diagnosis "intolerance to physical activity" in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: We describe the development and pilot-testing of a mobile system to support data collection for validating the nursing diagnosis of activity intolerance. This was a descriptive study conducted with 11 adults (aged ≥18 years) who attended a health institution for highly complex needs with a suspected diagnosis of coronary syndrome between August and September 2019 in Floridablanca, Colombia. An app for the clinical validation of activity intolerance (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association [NANDA] code 00092) in patients with acute coronary syndrome was developed in two steps: (1) operationalization of the nursing diagnosis and (2) the app development process, which included an evaluation of the initial requirements, development and digitization of the forms, and a pilot test. The agreement level between the 2 evaluating nurses was evaluated with the κ index. RESULTS: We developed a form that included sociodemographic data, hospital admission data, medical history, current pharmacological treatment, and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score (TIMI-RS) and GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) scores. To identify the defining characteristics, we included official guidelines, physiological measurements, and scales such as the Piper fatigue scale and Borg scale. Participants in the pilot test (n=11) had an average age of 63.2 (SD 4.0) years and were 82% (9/11) men; 18% (2/11) had incomplete primary schooling. The agreement between the evaluators was approximately 80% for most of the defining characteristics. The most prevalent characteristics were exercise discomfort (10/11, 91%), weakness (7/11, 64%), dyspnea (3/11, 27%), abnormal heart rate in response to exercise (2/10, 20%), electrocardiogram abnormalities (1/10, 9%), and abnormal blood pressure in response to activity (1/10, 10%). CONCLUSIONS: We developed a mobile app for validating the diagnosis of "activity intolerance." Its use will guarantee not only optimal data collection, minimizing errors to perform validation, but will also allow the identification of individual care needs.

An integrated program to expand donor utilization in pediatric heart transplantation: Case report of successful transplant with multiple donor risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric heart transplantation (HT) continues to be limited by the shortage of donor organs, distance constraints, and the number of potential donor offers that are declined due to the presence of multiple risk factors. METHODS: We report a case of successful pediatric HT in which multiple risk factors were mitigated through a combination of innovative donor utilization improvement strategies. RESULTS: An 11-year-old, 25-kilogram child with cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension, on chronic milrinone therapy and anticoagulated with apixaban, was transplanted with a heart from a Hepatitis C virus positive donor and an increased donor-to-recipient weight ratio. Due to extended geographic distance, an extracorporeal heart preservation system (TransMedics™ OCS Heart) was used for procurement. No significant bleeding was observed post-operatively, and she was discharged by post-operative day 15 with normal biventricular systolic function. Post-transplant Hepatitis C virus seroconversion was successfully treated. CONCLUSIONS: Heart transplantation in donors with multiple risk factor can be achieved with an integrative team approach and should be taken into consideration when evaluating marginal donors in order to expand the current limited donor pool in pediatric patients.

Clinical Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pediatric Patients on Ventricular Assist Device Support: An ACTION Registry Analysis.

Adult patients on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support have increased morbidity and mortality after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. There are no reported clinical data describing outcomes among pediatric patients on ventricular assist device (VAD) support infected with SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a retrospective study using the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) registry to evaluate patient characteristics and clinical outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 22 children on VAD support (median age at infection 10.6 years) from 16 centers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Cardiomyopathy (59.1%) and congenital heart disease (40.9%) were the most common primary diagnoses. The type of support included LVAD in 19 (86.4%), biventricular assist device (BIVAD) in one (4.5%), and single ventricle VAD in two (9%) patients. At the time of infection, 50% were outpatients, 23% were inpatients on a general cardiology floor, and 27% were in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). Most patients (82%) were symptomatic at time of diagnosis, but only 13% required escalation of respiratory support, and 31% received SARS-CoV-2 therapies. Notably, no mortality occurred, and significant morbidity was rare after SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients on VAD support.

Growth hormone insensitivity and adipose tissue: tissue morphology and transcriptome analyses in pigs and humans.

PURPOSE: Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHR-KO) pigs have recently been developed, which serve as a large animal model of Laron syndrome (LS). GHR-KO pigs, like individuals with LS, are obese but lack some comorbidities of obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the histological and transcriptomic phenotype of adipose tissue (AT) in GHR-KO pigs and humans with LS. METHODS: Intraabdominal (IA) and subcutaneous (SubQ) AT was collected from GHR-KO pigs and examined histologically for adipocyte size and collagen content. RNA was isolated and cDNA sequenced, and the results were analyzed to determine differentially expressed genes that were used for enrichment and pathway analysis in pig samples. For comparison, we also performed limited analyses on human AT collected from a single individual with and without LS. RESULTS: GHR-KO pigs have increased adipocyte size, while the LS AT had a trend towards an increase. Transcriptome analysis revealed 55 differentially expressed genes present in both depots of pig GHR-KO AT. Many significant terms in the enrichment analysis of the SubQ depot were associated with metabolism, while in the IA depot, IGF and longevity pathways were negatively enriched. In pathway analysis, multiple expected and novel pathways were significantly affected by genotype, i.e. KO vs. controls. When GH related gene expression was analyzed, SOCS3 and CISH showed species-specific changes. CONCLUSION: AT of GHR-KO pigs has several similarities to that of humans with LS in terms of adipocyte size and gene expression profile that help describe the depot-specific adipose phenotype of both groups.

Epidemiological features of Leishmania infantum in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) suggest a latent risk of visceral leishmaniasis in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, Santander, Eastern Colombia.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by species of the Leishmania donovani complex that is mainly transmitted through the urban cycle involving dogs as the primary reservoir. In Colombia, the incidence of VL is increasing, along with the spread of potential vectors. This study aims to investigate the eco-epidemiological factors associated with Leishmania spp. infection in dogs from the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga (MAB), Santander, eastern Colombia, which is a region at risk for VL. We conducted molecular and serological surveillance of Leishmania spp. in 207 dogs from MAB to determine the epidemiological factors associated with infection. Subsequently, we carried out a molecular and serological analysis of phlebotomine and humans, respectively, in areas with a higher prevalence of infection, aiming to describe the main features associated with the transmission cycle. Out of the 207 dogs tested, 37 (17.8%, 95% CI = 12.6-23.1%) were positive for the presence of Leishmania antibodies by the IFAT test, and only 9 (4.3%, 95% CI = 1.55-7.15%) were positive for L. infantum by PCR. Multivariate analyses indicated that canine shelters and dogs with clinical signs commonly associated with canine VL had a higher prevalence of infection (P < 0.05). In the entomological survey, 69 blood-fed female phlebotomine of the genus Lutzomyia were captured in canine shelters, among them, 55% were identified as Lutzomyia camposi, 29% as Lu. ovallesi, 7% as Lu. dubitans, 6% as Lu. torvida, and 3% as Lu. cayennensis. The identified meal sources of the phlebotomine included human, pig, avian, cattle, and porcupine (Coendou quichua) blood. However, no phlebotomine positive for Leishmania spp. were detected by molecular analyses. Finally, 14 humans who had frequent contact with L. infantum-positive dogs were analyzed through rK39 test, but none tested was positive for IgG/IgM antibodies. The molecular and serological analyses indicate the circulation of L. infantum in dogs from MAB, with canine shelters having the highest prevalence of infection. The entomological survey of canine shelters showed a significant diversity of phlebotomine without potential vectors of L. infantum, suggesting the presence of infection in dogs from these areas could take place in other locations or through other transmission routes. The circulation of L. infantum in multiple dogs from MAB suggests a latent risk of zoonotic transmission of VL in these cities.

Leprosy Reactions: Experience in the Puerto Rico Hansen's Disease Population.

OBJECTIVE: Hansen's disease (HD) is a chronic granulomatous infection endemic in the tropics. Its main clinical manifestations involve the cutaneous, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. Leprosy reactions (LR) are systemic inflammatory and immune-mediated complications of HD. These include reversal reactions (RR), erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), and Lucio phenomenon. These reactions significantly increase disease-related morbidity and disability. We aimed to determine the number and type of LR, their association to hosts' immune responses (Ridley Jopling classification), timing of development, and treatment of HD patients in Puerto Rico. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review was performed on 291 HD patients containing LR status data available from the Dermatology Service at the Hispanic Alliance for Clinical & Translational Research. RESULTS: Our data revealed that 83 (29%) patients developed LR, of which 31% had RR and 69% had ENL. Most LR were observed in patients in the lepromatous border (97%): Borderline lepromatous leprosy (BL) and Lepromatous Leprosy (LL). Most patients with RR and ENL had a single episode (83% and 62%, respectively), and those that received multi-drug therapy (MDT) had a reaction onset occurring most frequently within the first year of MDT and after the first year of MDT, respectively. Prednisone was the first line treatment used to manage both types of LR. CONCLUSION: Most lepromatous reactions occur within the lepromatous border. ENL was the most common LR. Prompt recognition and management of these immunologic reactions is essential to prevent long term nerve function impairment.

Gestión en Enfermería en Santander: ¿conocimiento propio o administración en salud? / Nursing management in Santander: Own knowledge or health administration?

En Santander existen importantes instituciones prestadoras de salud de alto nivel de complejidad. En dichas instituciones, Enfermería tiene una representación y organización profesional a través de las subgerencias, unidades o departamentos de dirección asistencial. En casi todas estas entidades, se desarrollan procesos docentes asistenciales que buscan mejorar la calidad en la gestión del cuidado a través de diferentes estrategias. Sin embargo, aún se evidencia la adherencia a prácticas administrativas propias de otras disciplinas para implementar y evaluar las funciones desarrolladas por los profesionales de enfermería. Se han descrito algunos acercamientos en la aplicación del conocimiento propio de enfermería a nivel asistencial como lo son la enfermería basada en la evidencia y el proceso de enfermería. Sin embargo, es importante resaltar que son pocas las experiencias publicadas y que muchas de las publicaciones tienen más de 10 años, por lo que surge la necesidad de conocer el panorama actual de la gestión del cuidado en Santander. Es necesario un fortalecimiento de la definición, ejecución y evaluación de la gestión del cuidado de enfermería, la cual, desde las diferentes experiencias encontradas, tiene limitantes como el tiempo, la baja adherencia por parte de algunos profesionales, entre otros, lo cual conduciría a fortalecer el liderazgo en enfermería.

In Santander, there are important healthcare institutions with a high level of complexity. Nursing is professionally represented and organized in these institutions through care management sub-directorates, units, or departments. In almost all these entities, teaching and care processes are developed to improve the quality of management of care through different strategies. However, there is still evidence of adherence to administrative practices of other disciplines to implement and evaluate the functions performed by nursing professionals. Some approaches to applying nursing knowledge at the level of care have been reported, such as evidence-based nursing and the nursing process. However, it is important to point out that there are few published experiences, and many of the publications are more than 10 years old, so there is a need to know the current panorama of care management in Santander. It is necessary to strengthen the definition, implementation, and evaluation of care management, which, according to the different experiences found, has limitations such as time and low adherence of some professionals, among others, which would lead to strengthening nursing leadership.

Em Santander, há importantes instituições de saúde com alto nível de complexidade. Nessas instituições, a enfermagem está representada e organizada profissionalmente por meio de subgerências, unidades de gestão de cuidados ou departamentos. Em quase todas essas instituições, são desenvolvidos processos de ensino e assistência que buscam melhorar a qualidade da gestão do cuidado por meio de diferentes estratégias. Entretanto, ainda há evidências de adesão às práticas administrativas de outras disciplinas para a implementação e avaliação das funções desempenhadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem. Foram descritas algumas abordagens para a aplicação do conhecimento de enfermagem em nível assistencial, como a enfermagem baseada em evidências e o processo de enfermagem. No entanto, é importante destacar que poucas experiências foram publicadas e que muitas das publicações têm mais de 10 anos, razão pela qual é necessário conhecer o panorama atual da gestão do cuidado em Santander. É necessário fortalecer a definição, a implementação e a avaliação do gerenciamento do cuidado de enfermagem, que, a partir das diferentes experiências encontradas, apresenta limitações como tempo, baixa adesão por parte de alguns profissionais, entre outras, o que levaria ao fortalecimento da liderança de enfermagem.

Prevalencia y análisis de factores de infección de sitio quirúrgico en clínica de heridas / Prevalence and Analysis of Surgical Site Infection Factors in Wound Clinic

Introducción: La infección de herida quirúrgica causa altas tasas de morbilidad y repercute sobre los índices de mortalidad. Constituye la primera infección intrahospitalaria entre pacientes quirúrgicos del total de infecciones nosocomiales y la primera entre los pacientes quirúrgicos. Existen factores de riesgo como la clasificación ASA, la diabetes mellitus, la hipertensión arterial y los días de estancia hospitalaria, los cuales influyen en su desarrollo. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de infecciones de sitio quirúrgico por cirugías realizadas en el Hospital Dr. Carlos Canseco de Tampico, ciudad del estado mexicano de Tamaulipas. Métodos: Diseño observacional, analítico, transversal y retrospectivo de 54 pacientes con diagnóstico de infección de sitio quirúrgico. Las variables de estudio se clasificaron como dependientes (género, edad, lugar de origen, días de estancia hospitalaria, peso, índice de masa corporal) e independientes (diagnóstico, procedimiento quirúrgico realizado y clasificación ASA otorgada). Resultados: La población de 40 a 50 años fue la más afectada, con mayor predominancia sobre el género femenino. La Clasificación ASA II y III presentaron mayor prevalencia de infección de sitio quirúrgico, sobre todo en cirugías electivas (28 por ciento). Mientras mayor fue la estancia hospitalaria, mayor fue la probabilidad de desarrollar infección de sitio quirúrgico. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de infección en el sitio quirúrgico en pacientes operados por los distintos servicios quirúrgicos no es similar a la reportada por otros autores. La Clasificación ASA II y III presentaron infección del sitio quirúrgico con más frecuencia, mientras que la comorbilidad más llamativa de este estudio fue el índice de masa corporal como factor de riesgo que no debe pasar desapercibido(AU)

Introduction: Surgical wound infection causes high morbidity rates and impacts mortality rates. It is the first in-hospital infection among surgical patients of all nosocomial infections and the first among surgical patients. There are risk factors that influence its development, such as the ASA classification, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and days of hospital stay. Objective: To determine the prevalence of surgical site infections from surgeries performed at Hospital Dr. Carlos Canseco, of Tampico, a city in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out with 54 patients with a diagnosis of surgical site infection. The study variables were classified as dependent variables (gender, age, place of origin, days of hospital stay, weight and body mass index) and independent variables (diagnosis, surgical procedure performed, and given ASA classification). Results: The population aged 40 to 50 years was the most affected, with a greater predominance of the female gender. ASA classification II and III had a higher prevalence of surgical site infection, above all in elective surgeries (28 %). The longer the hospital stay, the higher the probability of developing surgical site infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of surgical site infection in patients operated on by the different surgical services is not similar to that reported by other authors. ASA Classification II and III presented surgical site infection more frequently, while the most remarkable comorbidity in this study was body mass index as a risk factor that should not go unnoticed(AU)

Ventricular Functional Analysis in Congenital Complete Heart Block Using Speckle Tracking: Left Ventricular Epicardial Compared to Right Ventricular Septal Pacing.

BACKGROUND: Chronic right ventricular (RV) apical pacing in patients with congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB) is associated with left ventricle (LV) dyssynchrony and dysfunction. Hence, alternative pacing sites are advocated. The aim of this study was to compare LV function using STE in selected patients with LV epicardial pacing (LVEp) vs. RV transvenous pacing (RVSp). METHODS: This was a single-center, retrospective study in patients with CCAVB who underwent permanent pacemaker implant at age ≤ 18 years. Age- and gender-matched patients with a normal heart anatomy and function served as the control group. LV function was comprehensively assessed by conventional 2D Echocardiography and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE). RESULTS: We included 24 patients in the pacemaker group [27.6% male, mean age of 17.1 at last follow-up, follow-up duration of 8.7 years, RVSp (n = 9; 62.5%)] compared to 48 matched healthy controls. Shortening fraction (SF) and ejection fraction (EF) were normal and similar between cases and controls. However, STE detected abnormal LV function in the pacemaker group compared to controls. The former demonstrated lower/abnormal, Peak Longitudinal Strain myocardial (PLS Myo) [- 12.0 ± 3.3 vs. - 18.1 ± 1.9, p < 0.001] and Peak Longitudinal Strain endocardial (PLS endo) [- 16.1 ± 4.1 vs. 1.7 ± 1.7, p < 0.001]. STE parameters of LV function were significantly more abnormal in LVEp vs. RVSp subgroup as demonstrated by lower values for PLS Myo (- 10.1 ± 3.2 vs. - 13.1 ± 2.9, p = 0.03) and PLS Endo (- 13.8 ± 4.4 vs. - 17.5 ± 3.3, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: STE was more sensitive in detecting subtle differences in LV function relative to standard conventional 2D echocardiography (SF and EF) in selected patients with CCAVB and a permanent pacemaker. Furthermore, STE demonstrated that transvenous RV septal pacing was associated with better LV systolic function preservation than LV epicardial pacing for comparable post-implant intervals.

Successful Explantation of Berlin Heart Excor in Two Young Children.

Berlin Heart EXCOR ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation in children is widely used as bridge-to-heart transplantation. Berlin left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support as a bridge to recovery is rare. There is a scarcity of literature describing systematic evaluation in pediatric VAD explantation. Patient 1. A 3 month old boy presented with acute heart failure secondary to myocarditis. An echocardiogram demonstrated severely depressed left ventricular function. He required ECMO cannulation and was decannulated 11 days later. He continued to be hemodynamically unstable and required Berlin LVAD implantation with the intent to bridge to transplantation. Patient 2. A 3 month old boy presented initially with a heart rate of 250 beats/min and an electrocardiogram showed multifocal atrial tachycardia. An echocardiogram showed severely decreased left ventricular function. He was placed on ECMO due to unstable hemodynamics. He did not tolerate ECMO decannulation due to persistent chaotic atrial rhythm and underwent Berlin LVAD implantation with the intent to bridge to transplantation. After both patients showed evidence of myocardial recovery, they underwent a weaning protocol that includes: screening, trial-off with echocardiography, and trial-off in the catheterization suite. Our patients met the criteria and underwent successful explantation. Explantation of VAD can be successfully performed even in young children with appropriate candidate selection and a multidisciplinary and systematic approach.

Métodos empleados para cuantificar la carga de trabajo en Enfermería en las unidades de cuidados intensivos: Una revisión de la literatura / Methods used to quantify nursing workload in intensive care units: A review of the literature / Métodos utilizados para quantificar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem em unidades de terapia intensiva: uma revisão da literatura

Introducción: La carga de trabajo de Enfermería en unidades de cuidado intensivo está relacionada con la eficiencia y calidad de la atención, sin embargo, no existen métodos para cuantificar las enfermeras necesarias por turno en UCI. Objetivo: Identificar las herramientas más utilizadas para medir la carga de trabajo de Enfermería en UCIs. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión de literatura tipo integradora, utilizando artículos originales en inglés, español o portugués, publicados entre 1991 hasta 2017 en las bases de datos: Science@direct, BVS, Socupus y Embase, empleando la estrategia de búsqueda: Nursing and workload and intensive critical or ICU unit and measure, se excluyeron artículos duplicados y/o desarrollados en UCIs de cuidado intermedio, la calidad de los artículos fue valorada usando la lista de chequeo Strobe. Resultados: Se incluyeron 36 artículos con un total de 19.036 pacientes; el 50% (n=18) empleo el NAS, 27.7%(n=10) utilizó una combinación de métodos como el NAS, NEMS, TISS-28 o el VACTE, el 13.8%(n=5) empleo el TISS-28, el 5.6%(n=2) empleo registro de cámaras de video y un 2.7%(n=1) empleo el NEMS para cuantificar el tiempo empleado por enfermería en el cuidado. Discusión: actualmente no existe un consenso sobre métodos de medición de carga de trabajo en enfermería, en este sentido, es necesario realizar más estudios de validación y comparación que permitan mejorar la gestión del cuidado de enfermería en UCI. Conclusión: La herramienta más utilizada para cuantificar la carga de trabajo en enfermería es el Nursing Activities Score (NAS), otras herramientas identificadas fueron: NEMS, TISS-28 y VACTE.

Introduction: Nursing workload in intensive care units (ICUs) is related to efficiency and quality of care; however, there are no methods to quantify the nurses needed per shift in ICUs. Objective: To identify the most used tools to measure ICU nursing workload. Methods: An integrative literature review was performed using original articles in English, Spanish or Portuguese, published between 1991 and 2017 in the databases ScienceDirect, BVS, Scopus, and Embase. The search strategy was "nursing and workload and intensive critical or ICU and measure." Duplicate articles or articles about intermediate care units were excluded. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Strobe checklist. Results: Thirty-six articles with a total of 19,036 patients were included; 50% (n=18) used NAS, 27.7% (n=10) used a combination of methods such as NAS, NEMS, TISS-28 or VACTE; 13.8% (n=5) used TISS-28, 5.6% (n=2) used video camera recording, and 2.7% (n=1) used NEMS to quantify the time spent by nurses in care. Discussion: There is currently no consensus on workload measurement methods in nursing. In this sense, more validation and comparison studies are needed to improve nursing care management in the ICUs. Conclusion: The most used tool to quantify workload in nursing is the Nursing Activities Score (NAS). Other tools identified were NEMS, TISS-28, and VACTE.

Introdução: A carga de trabalho de enfermagem em unidades de terapia intensiva está relacionada à eficiência e qualidade da assistência, entretanto, não existem métodos para quantificar o número de enfermeiros necessários por turno na UTI. Objetivo: Identificar os instrumentos mais utilizados para mensurar a carga de trabalho de Enfermagem nas UTIs. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando artigos originais em inglês, espanhol ou português, publicados entre 1991 e 2017 nas bases de dados: Science@direct, BVS, Socupus e Embase, utilizando a estratégia de busca: Nursing and workload and intensivo critical ou unidade e medida de UTI, artigos duplicados e/ou desenvolvidos nas UTIs de cuidados intermediários foram excluídos, a qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada por meio do Strobe checklist. Resultados: foram incluídos 36 artigos com um total de 19.036 pacientes; 50% (n=18) utilizaram o NAS, 27,7%(n=10) utilizaram uma combinação de métodos como NAS, NEMS, TISS-28 ou VACTE, 13,8%(n=5) utilizaram o TISS-28, 5,6% (n=2) utilizaram registros de câmeras de vídeo e 2,7%(n=1) utilizaram o NEMS para quantificar o tempo gasto pela enfermagem no cuidado. Discussão: atualmente não há consenso sobre métodos de mensuração da carga de trabalho em enfermagem, nesse sentido, faz-se necessária a realização de mais estudos de validação e comparação para melhorar o gerenciamento do cuidado de enfermagem em UTI. Conclusão: O instrumento mais utilizado para quantificar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem é o Nursing Activities Score (NAS), outros instrumentos identificados foram: NEMS, TISS-28 e VACTE.

Quadruple term gestation of quadri-chorionic quadri-amniotic pregnancy after artificial insemination: a case report.

BACKGROUND: To solve infertility, modern science has promoted assisted reproduction techniques such as in vitro fertilization, ovulation induction, and artificial insemination. Quadruple-type multiple pregnancies occur in 1 of every 500,000 pregnancies, and it is estimated that 90% occur due to assisted reproductive techniques, which often lead to numerous complications. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we present a case of a 33-year-old woman, who desired pregnancy, but had a history of primary infertility diagnosed by hysterosalpingography, and endometriosis, which was treated by fulguration and medical management. Concomitantly, the patient was anovulatory. To fulfill her wish, she underwent homologous artificial insemination, after treatment, she successfully conceived quadri-chorionic quadri-amniotic infants, who were born at 37.2 weeks, without perinatal or maternal complications. CONCLUSION: This paper presented the parameters of prenatal care, appropriate management approach, and successful resolution without maternal-fetal complications despite the inherent risks of this type of pregnancy.

RESUMEN: INTRODUCCIóN: Para solucionar la infertilidad, la ciencia moderna ha promovido las técnicas de reproducción asistida, como la fecundación in vitro, la inducción de la ovulación y la inseminación artificial. Los embarazos múltiples de tipo cuádruple se producen en 1 de cada 500.000 embarazos, y se estima que el 90% ocurren debido a las técnicas de reproducción asistida, que a menudo conllevan numerosas complicaciones. PRESENTACIóN DEL CASO: Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 33 años, que deseaba un embarazo, pero tenía antecedentes de infertilidad primaria diagnosticada por histerosalpingografía, y endometriosis, que fue tratada mediante fulguración y manejo médico. Al mismo tiempo, la paciente era anovulatoria. Para cumplir su deseo, se sometió a una inseminación artificial homóloga y, tras el tratamiento, concibió con éxito niños cuadri-coriónicos cuadri-amnióticos, que nacieron a las 37,2 semanas, sin complicaciones perinatales ni maternas. CONCLUSIóN: Este trabajo presentó los parámetros de atención prenatal, el enfoque de manejo adecuado y la resolución exitosa sin complicaciones materno-fetales a pesar de los riesgos inherentes a este tipo de embarazo.

Vitamin D and morbidity in children with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to Covid-19.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is a clinical presentation reported in children related to Coronavirus-19 infection who present with a toxic shock like syndrome. Vitamin D deficiency has been postulated to play a role with severity of coronavirus infection in adult patients and other viral respiratory infections. Objective: This study aims to investigate if severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased disease severity and cardiac involvement in MIS-C. Methods: This is a retrospective and single center study. We included hospitalized patients less than 18 years of age with diagnosis of MIS-C between March and July 2020. Severe vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25-OH vitamin D level < 10 ng/ml within 48 h of admission. The composite outcome severe disease included patients requiring inotropes, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Results: Of the 31 patients with MIS-C, 45% were male and 58% were African American. The median age was 8 (1-13) years. Ten patients had severe vitamin D deficiency with a mean level of 7.2 ng/ml. Ninety percent of patients with severe vitamin D deficiency had severe disease (P < 0.001). Patients with severe vitamin D deficiency had an increased risk of cardiac involvement (P < 0.001). Conclusions: We describe a potential association between severe vitamin D deficiency and severe disease in children presenting with MIS-C. Severe vitamin D deficiency predisposes patients for cardiovascular involvement and may play a critical role in the host immune response to COVID-19 infection. Future prospective studies at the basic science and clinical level should be pursued to better delineate this association.

Covered Stent Placement for Subclavian Vein Stenosis Associated With Basilic Arteriovenous Fistula.

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation is used to palliate complex cyanotic heart diseases. We report an adult patient with AVF creation who subsequently developed severe left subclavian vein stenosis, causing significant left arm swelling. Covered stent placement successfully treated the venous stenosis, resulting in the normalization of his left arm swelling.

Cardiac Amyloidosis in a Child Presenting with Syncope: The First Reported Case and a Diagnostic Dilemma.

Cardiac amyloidosis is a rare cause of cardiomyopathy, reported exclusively in adults. We report the first known case presenting in childhood. A 12-year-old boy presented with syncope and diagnosed with ventricular non-compaction by echocardiography. Eventual genetic testing confirmed a TTR gene mutation associated with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis.

Human urogenital myiasis caused by the 'rat-tailed' larvae of Palpada scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805) in Santander, eastern Colombia: A case report.

The Palpada genus, which belongs to the Diptera order (family, Syrphidae), has been rarely reported to cause accidental myiasis in humans. Herein, we report the first case of genitourinary myiasis caused by a larva of the Palpada genus in a 9-year-old girl from Colombia. The girl, who resided in a rural area in the municipality of Floridablanca, Santander, near Bucaramanga city, in eastern Colombia, presented with lower abdominal pain accompanied by oliguria, followed by the subsequent elimination of a larva through the urine. The next day, the patient visited a primary healthcare centre, and no signs or symptoms were observed on clinical examination. Haematological analysis showed high plateletcrit levels and platelet large cell counts. The results of the urine test revealed a decrease in specific gravity and a slight increase in bacterial content and mucus. DNA barcoding analyses showed that the etiological agent corresponded to a third instar larva of the Palpada scutellaris species. This is the first case to report genitourinary myiasis caused by larvae of the genus Palpada in humans. However, we believe that additional cases might be accurately detected if adequate tests are performed to confirm the clinical and molecular features associated with this infection.

Dilated cardiomyopathy associated with a mutation in the dispatched RND transporter family member 1 gene.

Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common presentation of cardiomyopathy in children with 20-35% of patients having an identified genetic component. There are more than 30 genes implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. We present the first report of a female infant with dilated cardiomyopathy with a genetic variant in the dispatched RND transporter family member 1 gene.

Albergues temporales como apoyo a la accesibilidad al tercer nivel de atención para poblaciones rurales dispersas: experiencias de pacientes y acompañantes / Temporary shelters to support accessibility to tertiary health care services for rural dispersed populations: patients and companions experiences

Introducción: los servicios de salud en zonas rurales dispersas se han focalizado en la atención primaria. Para lograr integralidad es necesario brindar accesibilidad a los servicios de tercer nivel, lo que representa un reto para los sistemas de salud por los costos y la disponibilidad de profesionales. Varios países desplazan especialistas y equipos a las zonas rurales; en Colombia son los pacientes quienes se trasladan a los centros especializados y las aseguradoras en salud administran dineros provenientes del estado para cubrir los costos. Para ello se requiere el apoyo de albergues temporales que brinden alojamiento y alimentación a pacientes y familiares de bajos recursos. Métodos: estudio cualitativo de caso con enfoque fenomenológico para conocer la experiencia de los usuarios de dos albergues que atienden pacientes y acompañantes provenientes de una zona distante 700 km de Bogotá. Resultados: los servicios de los albergues son bien percibidos por los usuarios, aunque sedestacan aspectos locativos por mejorar. El servicio se focaliza en hospedaje, transporte y alimentación quedando un vacío en otras necesidades como ocupación del tiempo libre, apoyo emocional y social. La demora en la atención en salud es la principal causa de inconformidad pues afecta la cotidianidad de las familias por el desplazamiento y la incomunicación. Conclusiones: la atención especializada trasladando pacientes de las zonas dispersas a los centros urbanos representa una experiencia innovadora que debe ser evaluada desde el punto de vista económico y emocional para analizar su relación costo beneficio y su sostenibilidad.

Introduction: health services in disperse rural areas have focused on primary care. In order to achieve comprehensive services, access to tertiary health care services needs to be provided. This represents a challenge for health systems in terms of costs and availability of healthcare professionals. In several countries, specialists and equipment are moved to rural areas; while in Colombia it is the patient who travels to the specialized centers. Health insurers administer money from the state to cover the expenses. This requires temporary shelters providing accommodation and food to low-income patients and their families. Methods: a phenomenological qualitative case study approach to learn about users experiences in two lodges serving patients and their companions who come from an area 700 km away from Bogota. Results: shelters ́ services are well qualified by users, although facilities need to be improved in some aspects. Services are centered on accommodation, transportation and food leaving a gap in other needs such as free time and leisure activities and emotional and social support. Delay in health care provision is the main cause of dissatisfaction for it affects family everyday life due to displacement and lack of communication. Conclusions: specialized assistance by transferring patients from dispersed areas to urban centers represents an innovative experience which should be evaluated from the economic and emotional perspective to enable a cost-benefit and sustainability analysis.

Structural and functional connectivity of the ascending arousal network for prediction of outcome in patients with acute disorders of consciousness.

To determine the role of early acquisition of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for analysis of the connectivity of the ascending arousal network (AAN) in predicting neurological outcomes after acute traumatic brain injury (TBI), cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA), or stroke. A prospective analysis of 50 comatose patients was performed during their ICU stay. Image processing was conducted to assess structural and functional connectivity of the AAN. Outcomes were evaluated after 3 and 6 months. Nineteen patients (38%) had stroke, 18 (36%) CPA, and 13 (26%) TBI. Twenty-three patients were comatose (44%), 11 were in a minimally conscious state (20%), and 16 had unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (32%). Univariate analysis demonstrated that measurements of diffusivity, functional connectivity, and numbers of fibers in the gray matter, white matter, whole brain, midbrain reticular formation, and pontis oralis nucleus may serve as predictive biomarkers of outcome depending on the diagnosis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a correlation of the predicted value and the real outcome for each separate diagnosis and for all the etiologies together. Findings suggest that the above imaging biomarkers may have a predictive role for the outcome of comatose patients after acute TBI, CPA, or stroke.