RESUMEN
Introduction: Achyrocline satureioides is a plant which has been widely used in popular medicine and experimental studies confirm its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, attributable to the presence of flavonoids, mainly quercetin. Objectives: to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of a chronic oral pre-administration to rats with an Achyrocline satureioides decoction (2 %). Methods: for decoction, dried flowers of Achyrocline satureioides were used. The consumption of food and AS decoction/water of the rats was evaluated daily and weight gain weekly; quercetin content in the decoction and in the plasma of the rats was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography. The cerebral damage was assessed with a tetrazolium salt (TTC) and a behavioral test was performed previously. Nissl staining and Fluoro-Jade histochemistry were used. Results: the pre-treatment with Achyrocline satureioides in all groups reverted the functional deficit and, during 21 days, the infarction volume also decreased significantly. Nissl staining showed a higher percentage of preserved neuronal population and the Fluoro-Jade showed a decreased of the neurons in degeneration. Conclusions: the quercetin levels in the decoction and plasma of rats could explain the preventive benefits of Achyrocline satureioides due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties described for this flavonoid.
Introducción: Achyrocline satureioides es una planta que ha sido ampliamente utilizada en la medicina popular y los estudios experimentales confirman sus efectos antioxidantes y antiinflamatorios, atribuibles a la presencia de flavonoides, principalmente quercetina. Objetivos: evaluar los efectos neuroprotectores de la pre-administración oral crónica a ratas con una decocción de Achyrocline satureioides 2 %. Métodos: para la decocción se utilizaron flores secas de Achyrocline satureioides. Se cuantificaron, diariamente, el consumo de alimentos, la decocción y el agua; y cada semana, la ganancia de peso. El contenido de quercetina en la decocción y en el plasma de las ratas se evaluó utilizando la técnica de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. El daño cerebral se cuantificó con una sal de tetrazolio y antes se realizó una prueba de comportamiento. Se utilizaron la tinción de Nissl y el fluoro Jade. Resultados: el pretratamiento con Achyrocline satureioides en todos los grupos revirtió el déficit funcional, y la decocción durante 21 días también decreció de modo significativo el volumen del infarto. La tinción de Nissl mostró alto porcentaje de población neuronal conservada y el fluoro Jade presentó un decrecimiento en las neuronas en degeneración. Conclusiones: los niveles de quercetina en la decocción y el plasma de las ratas podrían explicar los beneficios preventivos de Achyrocline satureioides, debido a las propiedades antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias descritas para este flavonoide.
RESUMEN
It has been demonstrated that the use of topical antioxidants can contribute to controling the free radicals excess produced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the skin, being beneficial for processes such as photo aging and eventually cancer. Some plant extracts, particularly because of their polyphenolic constituents, can be beneficial for skin photo damage. Plant extracts of Achyrocline satureioides (AS) and Epilobium parviflorum (EP), potent antioxidant medicinal plants, were mixed with a cosmetic base and applied to the back skin of rabbits. Afterwards the skin was exposed to 1 h of UV irradiation from a known source. The production of the hydroxyl (OH.) radical was assessed in the skin after UV by measuring 2,3-dyhydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), produced by the hydroxylation of sodium salicylate, previously injected intracutaneously (i.c.) in the irradiated areas. The UV provoked a marked increase in 2,3-DHBA that was significantly decreased by the AS cosmetic preparation. The EP extract did not show any effect on 2,3-DHBA production. It is concluded that the cosmetic preparation containing the AS extract is able to scavenge OH. production likely to be due to the presence of high concentrations of flavonoid aglycones such as quercetin, luteolin and 3-O-methylquercetin.