RESUMEN
Introducción y objetivos: El pie plano y el pie cavo pueden afectar el rendimiento físico de los deportistas e incrementar la aparición de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el grado de pie plano, pie cavo y alteraciones músculo-esqueléticas, en relación con la edad, género y deporte practicado, en jóvenes deportistas de entre 9 y 20 años de edad. Metodología: Ciento noventa y un deportistas participaron en el estudio (58,6% mujeres y 41,4% hombres), con masa promedio de 57,99±12,86kg y altura promedio de 1,61±0,11m. Los deportes considerados fueron: basquetbol, béisbol, futbol, halterofilia, balonmano, karate, natación, remo y voleibol. Se digitalizaron las plantas de los pies con un PodoScan y se obtuvo el índice de Chippaux-Smirak. A continuación, se realizó una serie de preguntas a cada participante para analizar las alteraciones músculo-esqueléticas sufridas durante la práctica del deporte y se registraron las zonas o regiones del cuerpo de mayor prevalencia. Resultados: Se encontró un alto porcentaje de pie cavo en los jóvenes deportistas, principalmente en las mujeres. El 30,2% de las mujeres presentan pie cavo normal en el pie derecho, mientras que los hombres lo presentan el 19,2%. La rodilla fue la parte del cuerpo mayormente afectada, con un 31,4% de prevalencia, seguida por el tobillo con un 17,8%. Conclusión: El presente trabajo señala que las mujeres son las que presentan un mayor porcentaje de prevalencia de lesiones y existen partes del cuerpo predispuestas a sufrir una alteración músculo-esquelética en relación con el deporte practicado
Introduction and objectives: Flatfoot and pescavus can affect the physical performance of athletes and increase the onset of musculoskeletal disorders. The objective of this paper was to determine the degree of flatfoot, pescavus and musculoskeletal disorders suffered in relation to age, gender and sport practiced, in young athletes between 9 and 20 years of age. Methodology: One hundred and ninety-one young athletes participated in the study (58.6% women and 41.4% men), average mass of 57.99±12.86kg and average height of 1.61±0.11m. The sports considered were: basketball, baseball, soccer, weightlifting, handball, karate, swimming, rowing and volleyball. The soles of the feet were digitized with a PodoScan and the Chippaux-Smirak index was obtained. Next, each participant was asked a series of questions to analyse the musculoskeletal alterations suffered during the practice of sports and the areas or regions of the body with the highest prevalence were recorded. Results: A high percentage of pes cavus was found in young athletes, mainly women. Women presented 30.2% of normal pes cavus in the right foot while men presented 19.2%. The knee was the part of the body most affected with a 31.4% prevalence followed by the ankle at 17.8%. Conclusion: This paper found that women have the highest percentage of prevalence of injuries and there are parts of the body predisposed to suffer a musculoskeletal disorder in relation to the sport practiced
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Pie Plano/epidemiología , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/epidemiología , Traumatismos en Atletas/epidemiología , Rendimiento Físico Funcional , Pie Cavo/fisiopatología , Pie Plano/diagnóstico , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/fisiopatología , Actividad MotoraRESUMEN
AIMS: Exercise may be useful to detect patients with diabetes prone to develop persistent microalbuminuria. We studied the relationship between exercise intensity, measured as maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2)max), and microalbuminuria in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS: We studied 10 patients, age range 10-18 years, with Type 1 diabetes who were normotensive and normoalbuminuric, with less than 10 years since diagnosis. Patients had normal renal function, without infections or clinical evidence of complications. Metabolic control was intensively adjusted in all patients. They underwent three consecutive physical exercise tests, reaching 100, 80 and 60% of the maximal cardiac frequency response. RESULTS: Eight patients had adequate to regular metabolic control. All patients had lower than predicted VO(2)max values. At 60%, only three patients showed microalbuminuria in excess of 20 µg/min, two of them had inadequate metabolic control. Post-exercise microalbuminuria exceeded normal values in nine, seven and three patients when submitted to 100, 80 and 60% of exercise intensity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Microalbuminuria increased with exercise intensity. Sex, body composition and VO(2)max were the main factors associated with microalbuminuria. The prognostic significance of albuminuria induced by intense exercise in these subjects with Type 1 diabetes is not yet known.