A choroid plexus metastasis of a prostatic adenocarcinoma mimicking a choroid plexus carcinoma: A case report.

A multicystic intraventricular tumour of the right ventricular atrium was incidentally diagnosed on follow-up imaging of a 61-year-old man with a history of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Surgical resection of the lesion was performed after a one-year radio-clinical follow-up due to progressive expansion of the lesion size and a rising prostate specific antigen blood-level. Morphological features with papillary pattern on pathological examination were compatible with malignant adenocarcinoma or choroid plexus carcinoma. The immunoprofile was conclusive for an exceptional choroid plexus metastasis (CPM) of a prostatic adenocarcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a proven prostatic origin of a CPM.

Motion artifact removal for functional near infrared spectroscopy: a comparison of methods.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is rapidly gaining popularity for functional brain imaging. It is well suited to studies of patients or children; however, in these populations particularly, motion artifacts can present a problem. Here, we propose the use of imaging channels with negligible distance between light source and detector to detect subject motion, without the need for an additional motion sensor. Datasets containing deliberate motion artifacts were obtained from three subjects. Motion artifacts could be detected in the signal from the co-located channels with a minimum sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.98. Five techniques for removing motion artifact from the functional signals were compared, namely two-input recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive filtering, wavelet-based filtering, independent component analysis (ICA), and two-channel and multiple-channel regression. In most datasets, the median change in SNR across all channels was the greatest using ICA or multiple-channel regression. RLS adaptive filtering produced the smallest increase in SNR. Where sharp spikes were present, wavelet filtering produced the largest SNR increase. ICA and multiple-channel regression are promising ways to reduce motion artifact in functional NIRS without requiring time-consuming manual techniques.

Physically abused children and their families. A 5-year follow-up study.

Thirty-two Coloured families were assessed 5 years after their referral to the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, because of the physical abuse of one of their children. Although continuation of the physical abuse was not found at follow-up, in two-thirds of the families the environment was as bad as or worse than it had been in 1977, and emotional abuse prevailed. Many of the parents had separated, and 3 of the children had been placed in foster care. The difficulties involved in managing multiproblem families are discussed.