Enhancing Cytogenetic Biological Dosimetry Capabilities of the Philippines for Nuclear Incident Preparedness.

The utility of a biological dosimeter based on the analysis of dicentrics is invaluable in the event of a radiological emergency wherein the estimated absorbed dose of an exposed individual is crucial in the proper medical management of patients. The technique is also used for routine monitoring of occupationally exposed workers to determine radiation exposure. An in vitro irradiation study of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was conducted to establish a dose-response curve for radiation-induced dicentric aberrations. Blood samples were collected from volunteer donors and together with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters and were irradiated at 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, and 6 Gy using a cobalt-60 radiotherapy unit. Blood samples were cultured for 48 h, and the metaphase chromosomes were prepared following the procedure of the International Atomic Energy Agency's Emergency Preparedness and Response - Biodosimetry 2011 manual. At least 100 metaphases were scored for dicentric aberrations at each dose point. The data were analyzed using R language program. The results indicated that the distribution of dicentric cells followed a Poisson distribution and the dose-response curve was established using the estimated model, Ydic = 0.0003 (±0.0003) +0.0336 (±0.0115) × D + 0.0236 (±0.0054) × D2. In this study, the reliability of the dose-response curve in estimating the absorbed dose was also validated for 2 and 4 Gy using OSL dosimeters. The data were fitted into the constructed curve. The result of the validation study showed that the obtained estimate for the absorbed exposure doses was close to the true exposure doses.

[Renal trauma stage IV in a boy treated in a nonoperative form. Report of a clinical case]. / Trauma renal grado IV en un niño tratado en forma no operatoria. Reporte de caso clínico.

The clinical case of a 6 years old boy, who presented severe right renal trauma with rupture of the pyelocaliceal system and renal injury (IV grade), is reported. Upon admittance to emergency he presented paleness, tachycardia, rapid pulse, intense pain in the right lumbar region and macroscopic hematuria. Using abdominal ultrasound scan, an injury of the right renal parenchyma with perirenal collection was shown. Hematology studies showed a decrease in the hemoglobin count of 3,1 g% during the first posttraumatic 48 hours. A non-surgical conservative treatment was decided, since the patient's hemodynamic status held stable despite the hemoglobin alterations. To treat renal injury, a percutaneous catheter drainage was placed in the right perirenal space on day 16th from the accident. The patient was released after this treatment and was controlled as an outpatient, until the rupture of the excretory urinary system was sealed (3 weeks), when the patient returned to have the catheter removed. The patient's progress was excellent, the kidney was preserved and no complications have occurred in a 6 months follow up after the injury. The non-surgical treatment in renal trauma with injury to the excretory system is effective and advisable in children, provided the patients are hemodynamically stable.

Trauma renal grado IV en un niño tratado en forma no operatoria: reporte de caso clínico / Renal trauma stage IV in a boy treated in a nonoperative form: report of a clinical case

Se reporta el caso clínico de escolar masculino de 6 años de edad, quien presentó trauma renal derecho severo con ruptura del sistema pielocaliceal y estallido renal (grado IV). Al ingreso en la emergencia presentó palidez cutánea, taquicardia, taquifigmia, dolor intenso en región lumbar derecha y hematuria macroscópica. A través de ecografía abdominal se demostró lesión del parénquima renal derecho con colección perirenal. Estudios hematológicos evidenciaron descenso de las cifras de hemoglobina de 3,1 g% en las primeras 48 horas posterior al trauma. Se decidió el manejo conservador no operatorio debido a que el estado hemodinámico del paciente se mantuvo estable a pesar de las alteraciones en la hemoglobina. Para tratar la lesión renal, se colocó catéter de drenaje percutáneo en espacio peri renal derecho a los 16 días del accidente. El paciente egresó después de este procedimiento y se controló en forma ambulatoria hasta sellarse la ruptura del sistema urinario excretor (3 semanas), cuando reingresó para el retiro del catéter. La evolución del paciente fue excelente; se preservó el riñón y no ha presentado complicaciones en 6 meses de seguimiento posterior a la lesión. El tratamiento no quirúrgico en el trauma renal con lesión del sistema excretor es efectivo y recomendable en niños, cuando los pacientes se encuentran hemodinamicamente estables.

The clinical case of a 6 years old boy, who presented severe right renal trauma with rupture of the pyelocaliceal system and renal injury (IV grade), is reported. Upon admittance to emergency he presented paleness, tachycardia, rapid pulse, intense pain in the right lumbar region and macroscopic hematuria. Using abdominal ultrasound scan, an injury of the right renal parenchyma with perirenal collection was shown. Hematology studies showed a decrease in the hemoglobin count of 3,1 g% during the first posttraumatic 48 hours. A non-surgical conservative treatment was decided, since the patient’s hemodynamic status held stable despite the hemoglobin alterations. To treat renal injury, a percutaneous catheter drainage was placed in the right perirenal space on day 16th from the accident. The patient was released after this treatment and was controlled as an outpatient, until the rupture of the excretory urinary system was sealed (3 weeks), when the patient returned to have the catheter removed. The patient´s progress was excellent, the kidney was preserved and no complications have occurred in a 6 months follow up after the injury. The non-surgical treatment in renal trauma with injury to the excretory system is effective and advisable in children, provided the patients are hemodynamically stable.

Contaminación ambiental generada por gases de combustión interna del parque automotor en la ciudad de Huánuco / Enviromental contamination generated bynternal combustion gases of the automotor park in the city of Huánuco

El trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de conocer el comportamiento del parque automotor respecto a la emisión de algunos de los principales gases contaminantes, resultado de principales gases contaminantes, resultado de la combustión interna de sus motores, como el monóxido y dióxido de carbono (co+co) y la presencia de hidrocarburos (hc) en los gases que emiten los vehículos y saber si sobrepasan los límites máximos permisibles establecidos por el ministerio de transportes y comunicaciones. Se trabajó en los puntos y áreas de mayor intensidad de tráfico vehicular previamente seleccionados. La metodología utilizada fue la descriptiva explicativa, mediante la técnica de muestreo; encontrándose que más del 66,7 por ciento de los automóviles emitían gases contaminantes por encima de los límites máximos permisibles, siendo los más criticos los fabricados antes de 1995 (85 por ciento fuera de los límites máximos permisibles); mientras que en el caso de las camionetas fabricadas antes de 1995, un 75 por ciento estaban fuera de los límites máximos permisibles, las demas mayoritariamente se encontraron dentro de los límites máximos permisibles y finalmente los trimoviles, de reciente incursión en el mercado, se encontraban de encontraban dentro de los límites máximos permisibles. Esto nos permitió determinar que la plaza de armas fue el área donde se generó la mayor cantidad de emisión de gases contaminantes, asimismo se determinaron que los puntos individuales de mayor riesgo fueron las esquinas de los jirones: Dos de mayo y Dámaso Beraúm y los jirones: Huánuco y Huallayco.

The work was carried out with the objetive or knowing the behavior of the auto motor park regarding the emission of some of the main polluting gases, result of internal combustion of its motors, as the monoxide of carbon (co), the the combination of monoxide and dioxide of carbon (co + co) and the presence of hydrocarbons (HC) in the gases that the vehicles emitted an to know if they surpassed the permissible maximum limits settled down by the ministry of transport and communications. It was worked in the points and previously selected areas of most density of vehicular traffic. The methodology used was the descriptive - explanatory, by means of the sampling technique,; It was found that they maximun limits more than 66.7 per cent of the automoviles, being the most critical those manufactured before 1995 (85 per cent outside of the permissible maximum limits); while in the case of the vans manufactured before 1995, 75 per cent was outside of the permissible maximum limits, the other ones for the most part were inside the permissible maxinum limits and finally trimoviles, of recent incursion in the marked, were within the permissible maximum limits, This allowed us to determine that the main square was the area were the biggest quantity in emission of polluting gases was generated, also it was determined that the individual points of more risk were corners of Two de mayo street and Damaso Beraúm and street and Huánuco and Huallayco streets.