Respiratory syncytial virus outbreak during the COVID-19 pandemic. How has it changed? / Epidemia de virus respiratorio sincitial durante la pandemia de COVID-19. ¿Cómo ha cambiado?

Introduction: The epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objectives were to describe the RSV epidemic in 2021 and compare it with the previous years to the pandemic. Methods: Retrospective study performed in Madrid (Spain) in a large pediatric hospital comparing the epidemiology and clinical data of RSV admissions during 2021 and the two previous seasons. Results: 899 children were admitted for RSV infection during the study period. During 2021, the outbreak peaked in June and the last cases were identified in July. Previous seasons were detected in autumn-winter. The number of admissions in 2021 was significantly lower than in previous seasons. There were no differences between seasons regarding age, sex or disease severity. Conclusion: RSV hospitalizations during 2021 in Spain moved to summer with no cases in autumn and winter 2020–2021. Unlike other countries, clinical data were similar between epidemics.(AU)

Introducción: La epidemiología de la infección por virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) ha cambiado durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Nuestros objetivos fueron describir la epidemia de VRS en 2021 y compararla con las de los años previos a la pandemia. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo realizado en Madrid (España), en un hospital pediátrico terciario, que compara los datos epidemiológicos y clínicos de los ingresos por VRS durante 2021 y las 2 temporadas anteriores. Resultados: Ingresaron 899 niños por infección por VRS en el período de estudio. Durante 2021, el brote alcanzó su punto máximo en junio y los últimos casos se identificaron en julio. En las temporadas anteriores se detectaron en otoño-invierno. El número de hospitalizaciones en 2021 fue significativamente menor que en temporadas anteriores. No hubo diferencias entre temporadas en cuanto a edad, sexo o gravedad de la enfermedad. Conclusión: Las hospitalizaciones por VRS durante 2021 en España se trasladaron a verano, sin casos en otoño e invierno 2020-2021. A diferencia de otros países, los datos clínicos fueron similares entre epidemias.(AU)

Respiratory syncytial virus outbreak during the COVID-19 pandemic. How has it changed?

INTRODUCTION: The epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objectives were to describe the RSV epidemic in 2021 and compare it with the previous years to the pandemic. METHODS: Retrospective study performed in Madrid (Spain) in a large pediatric hospital comparing the epidemiology and clinical data of RSV admissions during 2021 and the two previous seasons. RESULTS: 899 children were admitted for RSV infection during the study period. During 2021, the outbreak peaked in June and the last cases were identified in July. Previous seasons were detected in autumn-winter. The number of admissions in 2021 was significantly lower than in previous seasons. There were no differences between seasons regarding age, sex or disease severity. CONCLUSION: RSV hospitalizations during 2021 in Spain moved to summer with no cases in autumn and winter 2020-2021. Unlike other countries, clinical data were similar between epidemics.

Respiratory syncytial virus outbreak during the COVID-19 pandemic. How has it changed?

Introduction: The epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objectives were to describe the RSV epidemic in 2021 and compare it with the previous years to the pandemic. Methods: Retrospective study performed in Madrid (Spain) in a large pediatric hospital comparing the epidemiology and clinical data of RSV admissions during 2021 and the two previous seasons. Results: 899 children were admitted for RSV infection during the study period. During 2021, the outbreak peaked in June and the last cases were identified in July. Previous seasons were detected in autumn-winter. The number of admissions in 2021 was significantly lower than in previous seasons. There were no differences between seasons regarding age, sex or disease severity. Conclusion: RSV hospitalizations during 2021 in Spain moved to summer with no cases in autumn and winter 2020-2021. Unlike other countries, clinical data were similar between epidemics.

Introducción: La epidemiología de la infección por virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) ha cambiado durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Nuestros objetivos fueron describir la epidemia de VRS en 2021 y compararla con las de los años previos a la pandemia. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo realizado en Madrid (España), en un hospital pediátrico terciario, que compara los datos epidemiológicos y clínicos de los ingresos por VRS durante 2021 y las 2 temporadas anteriores. Resultados: Ingresaron 899 niños por infección por VRS en el período de estudio. Durante 2021, el brote alcanzó su punto máximo en junio y los últimos casos se identificaron en julio. En las temporadas anteriores se detectaron en otoño-invierno. El número de hospitalizaciones en 2021 fue significativamente menor que en temporadas anteriores. No hubo diferencias entre temporadas en cuanto a edad, sexo o gravedad de la enfermedad. Conclusión: Las hospitalizaciones por VRS durante 2021 en España se trasladaron a verano, sin casos en otoño e invierno 2020-2021. A diferencia de otros países, los datos clínicos fueron similares entre epidemias.

Emergence of bla KPC-3-Tn4401a associated with a pKPN3/4-like plasmid within ST384 and ST388 Klebsiella pneumoniae clones in Spain.

BACKGROUND: KPC carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates have been increasingly detected in Europe. We report the first KPC-producing isolates characterized in Madrid, Spain. METHODS: Twelve K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from clinical and surveillance cultures from eight patients (September 2009 to February 2010) that were resistant to carbapenems and resulted in a positive modified Hodge test, were screened for carbapenemase genes (PCR, sequencing and hybridization). Clonal relatedness was established by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing. Plasmid characterization included incompatibility group assay and XhoI/HindIII restriction pattern comparison. The genetic environment was characterized by PCR based on the Tn4401 sequence. RESULTS: All 12 isolates were resistant to all beta-lactams, including imipenem and meropenem (MIC >or= 8 mg/L). Eleven of them, fully susceptible to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, showed related PFGE patterns and belonged to sequence type (ST) 384 and harboured the bla(KPC-3), bla(OKP-5), bla(OXA-9) and bla(TEM-1) genes, whereas one isolate resistant to quinolones belonged to ST388, and also harboured the bla(CTX-M-10) gene. The bla(KPC-3), bla(OXA-9) and bla(TEM-1) genes were located on an approximately 85 kb non-transferable plasmid that was a derivative of pKPN3/pKPN4 previously described in K. pneumoniae. The bla(KPC-3) gene was located on the Tn4401 'isoform a' variant, which is usually linked to bla(KPC-2), but rarely to bla(KPC-3). CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of Tn4401-bla(KPC-3) within a pKPN3/4-like plasmid and its novel association with ST384 and ST388 K. pneumoniae clones in Spain is reported. Although bla(KPC-3) has been scarcely reported in Europe, the location of this Tn4401a in a widespread K. pneumoniae plasmid supports the possibility of broader future dissemination.

Evaluación de la calidad de la respuesta telefónica en los teléfonos de cita previa de los centros de salud de un área sanitaria / Evaluation of the quality of telephone responses to calls seeking appointments in the health centers of a health district

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la respuesta telefónica a través de criterios de accesibilidad y saludo adecuado en las llamadas a los teléfonos de cita previa de los centros de salud (CS) del Área 4 de Madrid. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en junio de 2001 en los 21 CS del área. Se efectuaron llamadas telefónicas distribuidas en días laborables en 12 tramos horarios. Se analizó la obtención de respuesta con la primera llamada y antes de la cuarta, así como el saludo adecuado al descolgar el teléfono. Resultados: Se realizaron 4.058 intentos de comunicación, con una media de 2,1 llamadas por intento. Se obtuvo respuesta telefónica con la primera llamada en un 52,2 por ciento y antes de la cuarta llamada en un 72,8 por ciento. En ambos casos se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los turnos de mañana y tarde (p < 0,001) y entre el miércoles, jueves y viernes respecto al martes (p < 0,001). El cumplimiento del saludo adecuado al descolgar el teléfono fue del 85,6 por ciento (68,7 por ciento en el turno de mañana y 96,3 por ciento en el de tarde; p < 0,001).En ambos turnos 3 centros presentaron valores inferiores a la media del área menos 3 desviaciones estándar. Conclusiones: En general, la accesibilidad y el saludo inicial son aceptables. Sin embargo, existen grandes variaciones de resultados entre los centros, lo que requiere un análisis de causas y propuestas de mejora (AU)