Development of a Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) ballot for sensory profiling of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) gonads.

Paracentrotus lividus gonads are receiving increasing interest for their unique sensory attributes. However, the sensory profile of this highly demanded gourmet product has not yet been well described, and doing so may potentially benefit the gonads' marketability and acceptability. The main goal of this study was to build a sensory profile of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) gonads, to evaluate differences between sex and harvest location. Eighty untrained panellists (regular consumers of seafood) were asked to evaluate four samples of raw sea urchin gonads (inside a sea urchin test), divided by sex and harvest location. The panellists evaluated overall liking and acceptance (Food Action Scale), followed by a Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) ballot with a list of 22 sensory attributes divided into four dimensions: appearance (6), odour (6), texture (4) and taste (6). No significant effects of sex and harvest location were identified for liking, but a significant effect of the sex for the Food Action Rating Scale (FACT) was identified. Sensory profiling clearly separated gonads according to sex, with females being more appealing than males. Females were strongly correlated with a pleasant and intense tropical taste, as well as an overall appealing and grainy appearance and a pleasant tropical odour, while males had a slimy appearance and a milky white exudate. When compared with the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) approach used in our previous study, the use of the RATA approach allowed to discriminate female gonads according to their origin, with those from Praia Norte being firmer, more resilient and more appealing than the ones from Carreço. This study reinforced the fact that female sea urchins tend to present an intense and pleasant tropical taste and a pleasant tropical odour, thus being more appealing to the panellists, contributing valuable information for future nutritional aquaculture studies aiming to enhance sea urchin gonads' attributes and, subsequently, their market valorisation.

On the Importance of Joint Mitigation Strategies for Front, Bulk, and Rear Recombination in Ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells.

Several optoelectronic issues, such as poor optical absorption and recombination, limit the power conversion efficiency of ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. To mitigate recombination losses, two combined strategies were implemented: a potassium fluoride (KF) post-deposition treatment (PDT) and a rear interface passivation strategy based on an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) point contact structure. The simultaneous implementation of both strategies is reported for the first time on ultrathin CIGS devices. Electrical measurements and 1D simulations demonstrate that in specific conditions, devices with only KF-PDT may outperform rear interface passivation based devices. By combining KF-PDT and rear interface passivation, an enhancement in an open-circuit voltage of 178 mV is reached over devices that have a rear passivation only, and of 85 mV over devices with only a KF-PDT process. Time-Resolved Photoluminescence measurements showed the beneficial effects of combining KF-PDT and the rear interface passivation at decreasing recombination losses in the studied devices, enhancing charge carrier lifetime. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate the presence of an In and Se-rich layer that we linked to be a KInSe2 layer. Our results suggest that when bulk and front interface recombination values are very high, they dominate, and individual passivation strategies work poorly. Hence, this work shows that for ultrathin devices, passivation mitigation strategies need to be implemented in tandem.

Consumer-Led Adaptation of the EsSense Profile® for Herbal Infusions.

This work aimed to adapt the EsSense Profile® emotions list to the discrimination of herbal infusions, aiming to evaluate the effect of harvesting conditions on the emotional profile. A panel of 100 consumers evaluated eight organic infusions: lemon verbena, peppermint, lemon thyme, lemongrass, chamomile, lemon balm, globe amaranth and tutsan, using a check-all-that-apply (CATA) ballot with the original EsSense Profile®. A set of criteria was applied to get a discriminant list. First, the terms with low discriminant power and with a frequency mention below 35% were removed. Two focus groups were also performed to evaluate the applicability of the questionnaire. The content analysis of focus groups suggests the removal of the terms good and pleasant, recognized as sensory attributes. Six additional terms were removed, considered to be too similar to other existing emotion terms. Changes in the questionnaire, resulting in a list of 24 emotion terms for the evaluation of selected herbal infusions, were able to discriminate beyond overall liking. When comparing finer differences between plants harvested under different conditions, differences were identified for lemon verbena infusions, yielding the mechanical cut of plant tips as the one leading to a more appealing evoked emotions profile.

Sensory profiling, liking and acceptance of sea urchin gonads from the North Atlantic coast of Portugal, aiming future aquaculture applications.

Sea urchin gonads are receiving increasing attention for their exclusive sensorial attributes. However, the sensory profile of this highly demanded gourmet product has not yet been well described, and it may potentially help enhancing the gonads' marketability and acceptability. The main goal of this study was to build a sensory profile of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) gonads, to evaluate differences between sex, harvest location, as well as the impact of presentation on consumer acceptance. Sixty untrained panellists (regular consumers of seafood) were asked to evaluate eight samples of raw sea urchin gonads, divided by sex, harvest location and presentation (in a clear translucent glass bowl or inside a sea urchin test). The panellists evaluated overall liking and acceptance (Food Action Scale), followed by a Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) ballot with a list of 38 sensory attributes divided into four dimensions: appearance (9), odour (8), texture (7) and taste (14), launched in Sense Gest. From a three-way ANOVA, no significant effect of sex, harvest location and presentation were identified for both liking and acceptance. However, a significant interaction between presentation and sex was identified: females with gourmet presentation were rated higher than females presented in a bowl; and males presented in a bowl were favoured in relation to gourmet presentation. Sensory profiling clearly separates gonads according to sex, with females being more appealing than males that presented a milky white fluid. Gonads were also separated according to the presentation method: the white background of the bowl seemed to highlight the orange colour of females; the gourmet presentation favoured the females in relation to the males, mainly because the male gonad colour and white-colour exudate were emphasized by the background of the sea urchin test. Moreover, the gourmet presentation in both sexes was correlated with a fresh, tropical and pleasant odour. This study concluded that sea urchin with an orange gonad and a sweet, fresh and tropical flavour is preferable, which will allow future nutritional research efforts to be focused on the enhancement of these gonad attributes.

Organic Consumer Choices for Nutrient Labels on Dried Strawberries among Different Health Attitude Segments in Norway, Romania, and Turkey.

Consumer interest towards healthy food is driving the growth of the organic food market because consumers perceive organic food products to improve their personal health. Berries have well-known health benefits and show increasing market shares in European markets. This manuscript investigates for the first time how health attitudes relate to organic consumers' choices for nutrient labels of organic dried strawberry products. We conducted an online survey with 614 consumers from Norway, Romania, and Turkey. All participants consumed and liked strawberries and purchased organic food at least once a month. Participants filled out attitudinal questionnaires and conducted an experimental choice task featuring paired images of packaged organic dried strawberries varying in nutrients content label and other factors. The pooled sample was split into three groups of varying health attitudes for profiling and choice analysis. The results show that broad variations exist in health attitudes among Norwegian, Romanian, and Turkish organic consumers. A non-linear effect of health attitude is revealed, where a moderate health attitude is more strongly associated with the selection of products with increased nutrients content than either a low or a high health attitude. The results highlight the complexity in targeting nutrition labels to organic consumers. Finally, implications and suggestions for organic food operators are discussed along with future research avenues.

Graduandos e suas crianças compartilhando os espaços da Universidade / Graduating and their children sharing the University premises / Alumnos de pre-grado y sus niños compartiendo los espacios de la Universidad

Nas instituições que atuam diretamente com o Ensino Superior, estão matriculados cerca de seis milhões de alunos, dos quais aproximadamente 74% estudam em instituições privadas. De acordo com o Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira [MEC/INEP] (2009), órgão vinculado ao Ministério da Educação e do Desporto, dos alunos matriculados, 62,3% estão no período noturno e tentam conciliar situações referentes às realizações pessoal e profissional. Na Universidade privada, predominam jovens oriundos de famílias com rendas mensais mais baixas e escolaridade inferior (Augusto, 2005; Mutichelli, 1980; Pimenta, 2001). Nessas famílias, os jovens começam a trabalhar mais cedo para complementar a renda familiar, o que retarda sua formação acadêmica (Mendes, 1986; Pimenta, 2001). Muitos desses jovens já possuem filhos ou crianças sob sua responsabilidade e que fazem parte de sua rotina diária. Aos alunos nessas condições, que conciliam os estudos e suas crianças, sempre cabe a sensação de "estar em falta" com elas, mesmo que as responsabilidades sejam compartilhadas com as demais pessoas de seu convívio.(AU)

Graduandos e suas crianças compartilhando os espaços da universidade / Graduating and their children sharing the university premises / Alumnos de pre-grado y sus niños compartiendo los espacios de la universidad

Nas instituições que atuam diretamente com o Ensino Superior, estão matriculados cerca de seis milhões de alunos, dos quais aproximadamente 74% estudam em instituições privadas. De acordo com o Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira [MEC/INEP] (2009), órgão vinculado ao Ministério da Educação e do Desporto, dos alunos matriculados, 62,3% estão no período noturno e tentam conciliar situações referentes às realizações pessoal e profissional. Na Universidade privada, predominam jovens oriundos de famílias com rendas mensais mais baixas e escolaridade inferior (Augusto, 2005; Mutichelli, 1980; Pimenta, 2001). Nessas famílias, os jovens começam a trabalhar mais cedo para complementar a renda familiar, o que retarda sua formação acadêmica (Mendes, 1986; Pimenta, 2001). Muitos desses jovens já possuem filhos ou crianças sob sua responsabilidade e que fazem parte de sua rotina diária. Aos alunos nessas condições, que conciliam os estudos e suas crianças, sempre cabe a sensação de "estar em falta" com elas, mesmo que as responsabilidades sejam compartilhadas com as demais pessoas de seu convívio.

Sleep disorders in high school and pre-university students / Distúrbios do sono em estudantes do ensino médio e curso pré-vestibular

Adolescence is a period in which youngsters have to make choices such as applying for university. The selection process is competitive, and it brings distress and anxiety, risk factors for the appearance of sleep disorders. OBJECTIVE: To verify the occurrence of sleep disorders in third-year high school and pre-university students. METHOD: This cross-sectional descriptive study comprised a sample of 529 students (M=241, F=288) from three public schools, four private schools and two pre-university courses - a middle-class neighborhood in the city of São Paulo - aged between 16 and 19 years old. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) - a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The participants (52.9 percent) took about 30 minutes to fall asleep, with an average of 306.4 minutes asleep, moderate daytime sleepiness (n=243, 45.9 percent) and indisposition (n=402, 75.9 percent) to develop the activities. The scores (M and F) were similar regarding problems that affect sleep. CONCLUSION: The investigated population showed sleep disorders and poor sleep quality.

A adolescência é tida como um período em que o jovem tem que fazer escolhas; a entrada na universidade é uma delas. O processo seletivo é concorrido, trazendo à tona angústia e ansiedade, fatores de risco para o surgimento de distúrbios do sono. OBJETIVO: Verificar a ocorrência de distúrbios do sono em estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio e de curso pré-vestibular. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo. A amostra de 529 estudantes (M=241; F=288) de três escolas públicas, quatro escolas privadas e dois cursos pré-vestibulares, de um bairro de classe média, da cidade de São Paulo, na faixa etária entre 16 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP) - questionário padronizado. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que os participantes (52,9 por cento) levavam cerca de 30 minutos para dormir, com a média de 306,4 minutos dormidos, apresentavam sonolência diurna moderada (n=243, 45,9 por cento) e indisposição (n=402, 75,9 por cento) para desenvolver as atividades. Os escores (M e F) são semelhantes, no que se refere aos problemas que influenciam o sono. CONCLUSÃO: Existe a ocorrência de distúrbios do sono e má qualidade do sono na população estudada.

Sleep disorders in high school and pre-university students.

UNLABELLED: Adolescence is a period in which youngsters have to make choices such as applying for university. The selection process is competitive, and it brings distress and anxiety, risk factors for the appearance of sleep disorders. OBJECTIVE: To verify the occurrence of sleep disorders in third-year high school and pre-university students. METHOD: This cross-sectional descriptive study comprised a sample of 529 students (M=241, F=288) from three public schools, four private schools and two pre-university courses - a middle-class neighborhood in the city of São Paulo - aged between 16 and 19 years old. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) - a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The participants (52.9%) took about 30 minutes to fall asleep, with an average of 306.4 minutes asleep, moderate daytime sleepiness (n=243, 45.9%) and indisposition (n=402, 75.9%) to develop the activities. The scores (M and F) were similar regarding problems that affect sleep. CONCLUSION: The investigated population showed sleep disorders and poor sleep quality.

Nível de conhecimento da Comunidade de Vila Isabel sobre o dengue e notificaçäo compulsória: estudo preliminar / The level of knowledge of the community of Vila Isabel on dengue fever and compulsory notification: preliminary study

Este estudo abordou o nível de conhecimento da Comunidade de Vila Isabel sobre Dengue e Notificaçäo Compulsória, objetivando analisar os fatores que influenciam tal Notificaçäo. Pois de acordo com a SES o Dengue é uma doença febril de etiologia viral e de evoluçäo benigna, na maioria dos casos, sendo obrigatória a notificaçäo de casos suspeitos ou confirmados. Para a execuçäo da pesquisa utilizou-se o método descritivo e a técnica de investigaçäo social e clínica. Durante os meses de setembro e outubro de 1991 foram entrevistados 120 moradores do bairro de Vila Isabel, no Município do Rio de Janeiro., RJ. Os pesquisados eram predominantemente adultos de 35 anos e mais, do sexo feminino, da classe social médio, portadores do 1§ grau incompleto e residentes em adequadas condiçöes de saneamento básico. A maioria näo foi acometida por Dengue e obteve conceito bom relativo ao conhecimento sobre Dengue. Entretanto, foi conhecimento dos pesquisadores sobre Notificaçäo Compulsória, necessitando, portanto, uma ampla divulgaçäo, sobre as medidas profiláticas e de controle do Dengue.

O manuseio de drogas anti-neoplásicas: riscos e prevençäo de infecçöes / The handling of drugs antineoplastic risks and prevention of infections

O trabalho aborda a quimioterapia, visando a prevençäo de infecçöes no manuseio de droga (preparo e administraçäo, sendo que aqui säo citadas as inovaçöes com as quais o enfermeiro depara, atualmente). Refere-se a relaçäo da droga com a, mutagenicidade e quais as medidas que deveräo ser tomadas para prevenir a contaminaçäo do manipulador. Atençäo especial é dada ao paciente imunodeprimido. Além disso, refere-se a importante tarefa do enfermeiro em dar orientaçäo aos pacientes e familiares, assim como aos funcionário, na batalha contra a infecçäo