Chemical profiling of Cannabis varieties cultivated for medical purposes in southeastern Brazil.

Cannabis cultivation for medical purposes in Brazil has been increased in the last years. While cannabis crops are prohibited, hundreds patients have been granted with judicial authorizations and there is little information about the cultivation conditions, yields and chemical profiles of the plants. Cannabis plants contain hundreds of compounds, with cannabinoids and terpenes the main drivers of their toxicological and pharmacological properties. Besides the cannabinoids, terpene contents are useful for the chemotaxonomic classification of different varieties, and their role in forensic analyses should be further delineated. The present study monitored cannabis crops of fifteen participants who were granted special licenses by the Brazilian Courts in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The cultivation conditions were monitored and five cannabinoids (tetrahydrocannabinol acid-THCA, tetrahydrocannabinol-THC, cannabidiolic acid-CBDA, cannabidiol-CBD and cannabinol-CBN) and nineteen terpenes were quantified in cannabis flowers. The total grow cycle of thirty-five cannabis plants ranged from 10 to 24 weeks. The dry flower yields ranged 22-90 g per plant. Most cannabis specimens were CBD-rich varieties (CBD levels from 1.6% to 16.7%, and THC levels from 0.0% to 2.6%, n = 22) used to treat epileptic patients. The THC-rich varieties contained CBD levels ranging from 0.03% to 0.8%, and THC levels from 0.7% to 20.1%, n = 11. Fewer of the samples contained THC:CBD ratios of approximately 1:1 (CBD levels of 3.3-3.8% and THC levels of 2.2-3.7%, n = 2). The most abundant terpenes in the cannabis flowers were beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, guaiol and alpha-bisabolol. CBD-rich varieties showed significant higher levels of beta-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene in comparison with THC-rich varieties. Overall, the study herein provides data concerning medical cannabis crops grown in a region of Brazil that not only guide individual medical cannabis cultivation methods but also aid forensic analyses.

Inorganic element profile of medicinal Cannabis extracts consumed by pediatric patients

Abstract The increasing number of reports of web-based experiences on the success of Cannabis-based therapies in controlling seizures in children suffering from refractory epilepsy have led to efforts by governments and associations to a recent change in legislation. The Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) allowed the import of Cannabis extracts in 2015 and the registration of the first industrialized drug in 2017. In 2019, ANVISA approved procedures for the granting of a Sanitary Authorization for manufacturing and imports, establishing marketing requirements, prescribing, dispensing, monitoring and surveillance of cannabis products for medicinal purposes. Similar to other consumer products of health concern, is necessary to ensure the quality and health safety of these products worldwide. The aim of the present study to evaluate the presence of As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr and Mn present in Cannabis extracts and resins used in the treatment of pediatric patients with neurological diseases. Samples (48 national and 24 imported) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry - ICP-MS. The imported extracts presented more homogeneous inorganic element values, while national extracts showed varied levels, thus indicating the highest health risk.

Occupational exposure to airborne lead in Brazilian police officers.

Shooting with lead-containing ammunition in indoor firing ranges is a known source of lead exposure in adults. Police officers may be at risk of lead intoxication when regular training shooting exercises are yearly mandatory to law enforcement officers. Effects on health must be documented, even when low-level elemental (inorganic) lead exposure is detected. Forty police officers (nineteen cadets and twenty-one instructors) responded to a questionnaire about health, shooting habits, and potential lead exposure before a training curse. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for blood lead level (BLL) before and after a three days training curse. The mean BLL for the instructors' group was 5.5 µg/dL ± 0.6. The mean BLL for the cadets' group before the training was 3.3 µg/dL ± 0.15 and after the training the main BLL was 18.2 µg/d L± 1.5. Samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). All the participants in the training curse had significantly increased BLL (mean increment about 15 µg/dL) after the three days indoor shooting season. In conclusion, occupational lead exposure in indoor firing ranges is a source of lead exposure in Brazilian police officers, and appears to be a health risk, especially when heavy weapons with lead-containing ammunition are used in indoor environments during the firing training seasons.