Prevalence, and Risk Indicators of Coronal and Root Caries in Mexican Older Adults in Nursing Homes.

Background: Several factors are associated with coronal and root caries in older persons. The purpose of this study was to determine the experience, prevalence, and risk indicators (socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and dental variables) of coronal and root caries in older persons residing in nursing homes in Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 227 dentate participants with natural teeth. Convenience sample, where all dentate residents were invited to participate. The dependent variables were coronal caries and root caries, which were determined through an oral clinical examination. The independent variables were sociodemographic factors, location, type of center, surfaces free of dental biofilm and calculus, surfaces with recession, retainers in contact with surfaces with recession, xerostomia, smoking, and the previous use of dental services. The binary logistic regression model was used in the analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants in this study was 77.7±8.8 years, and 69.2% were women. Moreover, 71.8% live in long-term care facilities, and 48.0% live in Mexico City. The prevalence of coronal and root caries was found to be 67.8% and 50.7%, respectively. Being male and living in Mexico City were risk indicators for coronal caries, and with a 1% increase in surfaces with no biofilm, the risk decreased by 2%. Being widowed, having government or no social security, denture retainers, and coronal caries were risk indicators for root caries, while the utilization of dental services indicated lower risk. Conclusion: Several variables that differ in nature were found to be risk indicators for coronal and root caries. Coronal caries increases the risk of root caries. Prevention should be aimed at identifying persons at higher risk, and dental care should be improved for persons living in long-term care institutions.

Tooth Loss and Associated Factors in Mexican Older Adults in Nursing Homes: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

The objective of this study was to determine the experience of tooth loss and associated factors in older adults and elderly residing in nursing homes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mexican older adults and elderly aged ≥60 years living in four nursing homes (two in Mexico City, Mexico: one in Cuernavaca, Morelos, and one in Oaxaca, Oaxaca). The data were collected at the facility (home nursing) by two dentists in 2019. To determine the number of tooth loss and DMFT, a clinical oral examination was performed. In addition, a questionnaire was applied to determine diverse independent variables (demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral). The analysis was performed using nonparametric tests and negative binomial regression (p < 0.05). 257 subjects were included. The mean age was 81.25 ± 9.02 years, and 60.7% were women. The mean number of lost teeth was 18.78 ± 9.05 (women = 19.43 ± 8.59 and men = 17.77 ± 9.68; p > 0.05). In the multivariate negative binomial regression model, it was found that, for each one-year increase in age, the mean tooth loss increased 0.92% (p < 0.05). In current smokers (p < 0.01) and in those who brush their teeth < 2 times a day (p < 0.01), the average of tooth loss increased 22.04% and 61.46%, respectively. The experience of tooth loss in Mexican older adults and elderly was high. Demographic (age) and habit of behavior (tobacco use and less frequent tooth brushing) were associated with increased tooth loss. It is important to promote oral health programs for institutionalized older adults.

La relació de la micrognàtia transversal amb alguns factors de risc en infants mexicans / Micrognatismo transversal y su relación con algunos factores de riesgo en niños mexicanos / Risk factors of transversal micrognathiain mexican children

Fonament: La micrognàtia transversal (MT) és una alteració del creixement ossi i de la relació dental que impedeix el funcionament adequat de l'aparell masticatori. Objectiu: Avaluar si hi ha associació entre la freqüència d'MT amb la lactància materna de menys de sis mesos, la presència d'hàbits de succió digital, la respiració bucal i l'absència d'espais fisiològics. Mètode: Es va dur a terme un estudi transversal examinant 273 infants mexicans de cinc anys, de tots dos sexes. Abans de l'enquesta es va estandarditzar un cirurgià dentista (k=0,998). Per al tractament estadístic es van calcular freqüències i percentatges, i la prova de khi quadrat corregida de Yates. Resultats: La condició clínica més freqüent va ser l'absència d'espais fisiològics (62,3%); així mateix, l'MT va tenir una distribució variable per sexe, prò no significativa. Es va observar associació entre l'MT amb l'absència d'espais fisiològics, l'hàbit de respiració bucal, la lactància i la mossegada profunda (X 2 Y =10,311, p =0,0001; X 2 Y =7,290, p=0,0001; X 2 Y =21,374, p =0,0001; X2 Y =8,127, p =0,044, respectivament), però no amb la succió digital. Conclusions: Els resultats d'aquest estudi posen de manifest el paper rellevant del pediatre per recomanar a les mares que alletin els seus fills durant un període no menor a sis mesos, així com la responsabilitat d'identificar i eradicar les causes que provoquen que l'infant respiri per la boca, a més de fer la derivació a l'odontopediatre en el cas que ho consideri necessari, perquè elimini aquest hàbit, com a mesura de prevenció per al desenvolupament de maloclusions dentals

Fundamento: El micrognatismo transversal (MT) es una alteración del crecimiento óseo y de la relación dentaria que impiden el funcionamiento adecuado del aparato masticatorio. Objetivo: Evaluar si existe asociación entre la frecuencia de MT con la lactancia materna menor a seis meses, la presencia de hábitos de succión digital, la respiración bucal y la ausencia de espacios fisiológicos. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal examinando a 273 niños mexicanos de cinco años, de ambos sexos. Previamente a la encuesta, se estandarizó a un cirujano dentista ( k =0,998). Para el tratamiento estadístico fueron calculados frecuencias y porcentajes, y la prueba de ji cuadrado corregida de Yates. Resultados: La condición clínica más frecuente fue la ausencia de espacios fisiológicos (62,3%); asimismo, el MT tuvo una distribución variable por sexo, pero no significativa. Se observó asociación entre el MT con la ausencia de espacios fisiológicos, el hábito de respiración bucal, la lactancia y la mordida profunda (X 2Y=10,311, p=0,0001; X2Y=7,290, p=0,0001; X2Y=21,374, p=0,0001; X2Y=8,127, p=0,044, respectivamente), pero no con la succión digital. Conclusiones: Los resultados del resente estudio ponen de manifiesto el papel relevante del pediatra para recomendar a las adres que amamanten a sus hijos durante un periodo no menor a seis meses, así omo la responsabilidad de identificar y erradicar las causas que provocan que el niño espire por la boca, además de su derivación al odontopediatra en el caso de que lo onsidere necesario, para que elimine este hábito como medida de preven-ción para el esarrollo de maloclusiones dentales

Background: Transversal micrognathia (TM) is an alteration of bone growth and the dental distribution that affects the adequate function of masticatory apparatus. Objective: To evaluate the association between the frequency of transversal micrognathia and breastfeeding less than six months, the presence of thumb sucking habits, oral breathing, and the absence of physiological spaces. Method: We conducted a transversal study including 273 five- years-old Mexican children of both sexes. Prior to the survey, we standardized the evaluation by a dental surgeon ( k=0.998). We calculated frequencies and percentages, and applied the chi-squa-red test with Yates correction. Results: The most frequent clinical condition found was the absence of physiological spaces (62.3%). TM had a variable but not significant sex distribution. We observed an association between TM and the absence of physiological spaces, oral breathing, breastfeeding, and deep biting (X2Y=10,311, p=0,0001; X2Y=7,290, p=0,0001; 2Y=21,374, p=0,0001; X2Y=8,127, p=0,044, respec-tively), but not with thumb sucking. Conclusions: Our results highlight the relevant role of the pediatrician in advising others that breastfeed their children for periods shorter than six months, as well as the esponsibility to identify and eradicate the factors that cause oral breathing and rompt evaluation by a pediatric dentist when required to prevent the de-velopment of dental malocclusion