Update of cartilaginous tumours according to the WHO classification 2020.

Cartilaginous tumours are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterised by the presence of a chondroid matrix, with lobular growth and arcuate, ring-like or popcorn-like calcification patterns. MRI shows hyperintensity in T2-weighted sequences and a lobulated or septal relief in postcontrast images. In the WHO 2020 classification, chondral tumours are classified as benign, intermediate or malignant. Despite technological advances, they continue to pose a challenge for both the radiologist and the pathologist, being the main difficulty the differentiation between benign and malignant tumours, which is why they require a multidisciplinary approach. This paper describes the main changes introduced in the 2020 update, describes the imaging characteristics of the main cartilaginous tumours and provides the radiological keys to differentiate between benign and malignant tumours.

Actualización de los tumores cartilaginosos según la clasificación de la OMS de 2020 / Update of cartilaginous tumours according to the WHO classification 2020

Los tumores cartilaginosos son un grupo amplio y heterogéneo de neoplasias caracterizadas por la presencia de una matriz condroide que presenta crecimiento lobular y patrones de calcificación en arcos y anillos o en palomitas de maíz. En RM destaca su hiperintensidad en las secuencias potenciadas en T2, y en las imágenes poscontraste, un relace lobulado o septal. En la clasificación de 2020 de la OMS, los tumores de estirpe condral se clasifican en benignos, intermedios o malignos. A pesar de los avances tecnológicos, siguen suponiendo un reto tanto para el radiólogo como para el patólogo, siendo la principal dificultad la diferenciación entre los tumores benignos y malignos, razón por la que requieren un abordaje multidisciplinar. Este trabajo recoge los principales cambios introducidos en la actualización de 2020, describe las características de imagen de los principales tumores cartilaginosos y proporciona las claves radiológicas para diferenciar entre tumores benignos y malignos.(AU)

Cartilaginous tumours are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterised by the presence of a chondroid matrix, with lobular growth and arcuate, ring-like or popcorn-like calcification patterns. MRI shows hyperintensity in T2-weighted sequences and a lobulated or septal relief in postcontrast images. In the WHO 2020 classification, chondral tumours are classified as benign, intermediate or malignant. Despite technological advances, they continue to pose a challenge for both the radiologist and the pathologist, being the main difficulty the differentiation between benign and malignant tumours, which is why they require a multidisciplinary approach. This paper describes the main changes introduced in the 2020 update, describes the imaging characteristics of the main cartilaginous tumours and provides the radiological keys to differentiate between benign and malignant tumours.(AU)

Behavior, synaptic mitochondria, and microglia are differentially impacted by chronic adolescent stress and repeated endotoxin exposure in male and female rats.

Early life adversity and chronic inflammation have both been associated with cognitive impairment and neural compromise. In this study, we investigated the interactions between a history of chronic adolescent stress (CAS) and repeated endotoxin exposure on behavior, synaptic mitochondria, and microglia in adult male and female Wistar rats. Adult rats from chronic stress and control conditions were exposed to either repeated endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) or saline injections every 3 days for 9 weeks. In both sexes, repeated LPS, regardless of stress history, impaired working memory in the Y maze. Regarding spatial memory, LPS impaired function for females; whereas, CAS altered function in males. Although males had an increase in anxiety-like behavior shortly after CAS, there were no long-term effects on anxiety-like behavior or social interaction observed in males or females. Stress did not alter synaptic mitochondrial function in either sex. Repeated LPS altered synaptic mitochondrial function such that ATP production was increased in females only. There were no observed increases in IBA-1 positive cells within the hippocampus for either sex. However, LPS and CAS altered microglia morphology in females. Impact of repeated LPS was evident at the terminal endpoint with increased spleen weight in both sexes and decreased adrenal weight in males only. Circulating cytokines were not impacted by repeated LPS at the terminal endpoint, but evidence of CAS effects on cytokines in females were evident. These data suggest a long-term impact of chronic stress and an impact of repeated endotoxin challenge in adulthood; however, not all physiological and behavioral metrics examined were impacted by the paradigm employed in this study and the two environmental challenges rarely interacted.

Addressing high cervical cancer rates in the Rio Grande Valley along the Texas-Mexico border: a community-based initiative focused on education, patient navigation, and medical provider training/telementoring.

AIMS: Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates are approximately 55% higher in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) along the Texas-Mexico border compared with the average rates in the US. Our aim was to improve cervical cancer prevention efforts in the RGV through a comprehensive multilevel intervention initiative focused on community education, patient navigation, and training of local providers. METHODS: We initiated a program in the RGV which consisted of (1) community education, (2) patient navigation, and (3) a training/mentoring program for local medical providers including hands-on training courses coupled with telementoring using Project ECHO® (Extension for Community Health Outcomes). We assessed the number of women undergoing cervical cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment at three participating clinics caring for underserved women in the region. RESULTS: From November 2014 to October 2018, 14,846 women underwent cervical cancer screening. A total of 2030 (13.7%) women underwent colposcopy for abnormal results (179% increase over baseline) and 453 women underwent loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEPs) for treatment of cervical dysplasia. Invasive cancer was diagnosed in 39 women who were navigated to a gynecologic oncologist for treatment. Seven local medical providers were trained to perform colposcopy and/or LEEP. Project ECHO telementoring videoconferences were held every 2 weeks for a total 101 sessions with an average of 22 participants per session and a total of 180 patient cases presented and discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Our program led to a large number of women undergoing diagnosis and treatment of cervical dysplasia in the RGV. If sustained, we anticipate these efforts will decrease cervical cancer rates in the region. The program is currently being expanded to additional underserved areas of Texas and globally to low- and middle-income countries.

Bacillus subtilis biofilm matrix components target seed oil bodies to promote growth and anti-fungal resistance in melon.

Beneficial microorganisms are used to stimulate the germination of seeds; however, their growth-promoting mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Bacillus subtilis is commonly found in association with different plant organs, providing protection against pathogens or stimulating plant growth. We report that application of B. subtilis to melon seeds results in genetic and physiological responses in seeds that alter the metabolic and developmental status in 5-d and 1-month-old plants upon germination. We analysed mutants in different components of the extracellular matrix of B. subtilis biofilms in interaction with seeds and found cooperation in bacterial colonization of seed storage tissues and growth promotion. Combining confocal microscopy with fluorogenic probes, we found that two specific components of the extracellular matrix, amyloid protein TasA and fengycin, differentially increased the concentrations of reactive oxygen species inside seeds. Further, using electron and fluorescence microscopy and metabolomics, we showed that both TasA and fengycin targeted the oil bodies in the seed endosperm, resulting in specific changes in lipid metabolism and accumulation of glutathione-related molecules. In turn, this results in two different plant growth developmental programmes: TasA and fengycin stimulate the development of radicles, and fengycin alone stimulate the growth of adult plants and resistance in the phylloplane to the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Understanding mechanisms of bacterial growth promotion will enable the design of bespoke growth promotion strains.

Eficacia de la hidroterapia frente al tratamiento en gimnasio en prótesis total primaria de rodilla por osteoartritis: ensayo controlado y aleatorizado / Efficacy of hydrotherapy versus gym treatment in primary total knee prosthesis due to osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial

Fundamento: La fisioterapia se postula como un tratamiento eficaz tras la intervención de prótesis total derodilla (PTR) por osteoartritis. El objetivo fue valorarla eficacia de la hidroterapia frente a la cinesiterapia engimnasio durante la segunda fase de la rehabilitación depacientes intervenidos de PTR en relación a la mejora deltest de la marcha, el dolor, la rigidez, el balance articular,la fuerza muscular y la inflamación. Método: Se realizó un ensayo controlado y aleatorizado.Los pacientes intervenidos de PTR recibieron una primerafase rehabilitadora (15 sesiones de 60 minutos) en el gimnasio. En la segunda fase (15 sesiones de 40 minutos), ungrupo realizó fisioterapia en gimnasio y otro en piscina.Se valoraron (basal, tras 15 y tras 30 sesiones): capacidadfuncional, dolor y rigidez con índice WOMAC, balance articular con goniómetro, fuerza muscular con escala Lovett,y test de la marcha de 6 minutos. Resultados: Participaron 115 pacientes, 59 (51,3 %) en grupo sala y 56 (48,7 %) en grupo piscina. Tras la segunda fasede rehabilitación se observaron mejoras clínicas superiores en el grupo piscina, siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto al dolor (p = 0,005), rigidez(p = 0,010), balance articular flexión (p = 0,027) y fuerzamuscular (p = 0,049) en la rodilla intervenida, y en el testde la marcha de 6 minutos (p = 0,002). Conclusiones: En pacientes intervenidos de PTR, la hidroterapia durante la segunda fase del tratamiento rehabilitador fue más eficaz que la fisioterapia en gimnasio enrelación a la mejora del dolor, rigidez, balance articular,fuerza muscular y resultado del test de la marcha.(AU)

Background: Physiotherapy is postulated as an effective treatment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due toosteoarthritis. The aim was to assess the efficacy of hydrotherapy versus gym kinesitherapy during the secondphase of treatment in TKA patients, with regard to theimproved gait test, pain, stiffness, joint balance, musclestrength and inflammation. Methods: A controlled and randomized trial was carriedout. TKA patients received a first rehabilitative phase (1560-minutes sessions) at the gym. In the second phase (1540-minute sessions), one group performed physiotherapyin a gym and another in a swimming pool. Different variables were assessed (basal, after 15 and after 30 sessions):functional capacity, pain and stiffness with WOMAC index, joint balance with goniometer; muscle strength withLovett scale, and result of 6-minute gait test. Results: A total of 115 patients participated, 59 (51.3%)in the gym group and 56 (48.7 %) in the pool group. After the second phase of rehabilitation, higher clinical improvements were observed in the pool group, with statistically significant differences in pain (p = 0.005), stiffness(p = 0.010), joint balance (p = 0.027) and muscle strength(p = 0.049) in the operated knee, and in the result of the6-minute gait test (p = 0.002). Conclusions: In TKA patients, hydrotherapy during thesecond phase of rehabilitative treatment was more effective than gym physiotherapy in terms of improved pain,stiffness, joint balance, muscle strength and gait testing.(AU)

[Efficacy of hydrotherapy versus gym treatment in primary total knee prosthesis due to osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial].

BACKGROUND: Physiotherapy is postulated as an effective treatment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of hydrotherapy versus gym kinesitherapy during the second phase of treatment in TKA patients, with regard to the improved gait test, pain, stiffness, joint balance, muscle strength and inflammation. METHODS: A controlled and randomized trial was carried out. TKA patients received a first rehabilitative phase (15 60-minutes sessions) at the gym. In the second phase (15 40-minute sessions), one group performed physiotherapy in a gym and another in a swimming pool. Different variables were assessed (basal, after 15 and after 30 ses-sions): functional capacity, pain and stiffness with WOMAC index, joint balance with goniometer; muscle strength with Lovett scale, and result of 6-minute gait test. RESULTS: A total of 115 patients participated, 59 (51.3%) in the gym group and 56 (48.7?%) in the pool group. After the second phase of re-habilitation, higher clinical improvements were observed in the pool group, with statistically significant differences in pain (p?=?0.005), stiffness (p?=?0.010), joint balance (p?=?0.027) and muscle strength (p?=?0.049) in the operated knee, and in the result of the 6-minute gait test (p?=?0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In TKA patients, hydrotherapy during the second phase of rehabilitative treatment was more effective than gym physiother-apy in terms of improved pain, stiffness, joint balance, muscle strength and gait testing.

[Internal validity of a rapid test for COVID-19 antigens in a nursing home]. / Validez interna de una prueba rápida de detección de antígenos COVID-19 en una residencia de mayores.

INTRODUCTION: RT-qPCR is the reference test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) are now available. In this work, the internal validity of the RADT was evaluated in the context of an outbreak in a nursing home. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal exudate samples were analyzed by RADT and RT-qPCR from 61 residents of a nursing home. The sensitivity and specificity of RADT with respect to RT-qPCR was calculated. RESULTS: Specificity was 100% (95% CI 54.1-100.0), while sensitivity in asymptomatic people was 70.3% (95% CI 53.0-84.1) and in symptomatic people 83.3% (95% CI 51.6-97.9). CONCLUSIONS: The RADTs are sufficiently sensitive and specific to be used as screening tests in nursing homes, especially in situations of outbreaks or suspected outbreaks due to the presence of symptoms.

Rasch model of the bridging social capital questionnaire.

Bridging social capital is defined as the connections between individuals who are dissimilar with respect to socioeconomic status and other characteristics. We previously identified an important gap in the literature related to its measurement. We developed and validated a scale to measure bridging social capital to be used in Latinx immigrant populations living in the U.S using Classical Test Theory. The structure of the questionnaire comprised the following sub-scales: Socializing in the work place (5 items); Participation in community activities (16 items); Socializing in community activities (5 items); Contact with similar/different people (7 items); Assistance (17 items); Trust of institutions, corporations and other people (14 items); and Trust of intimate people (3 items). Although basic psychometric validation was performed on our original instrument (e.g., content and construct validity, internal consistency reliability), modern testing theory recommends a more comprehensive set of evaluations, including assessment of data quality, scaling assumptions, targeting, reliability, validity and responsiveness. Rasch measurement theory (RMT) is one of the Modern Test Theory methods that assesses the extent to which rigorous measurement is achieved. In the present work, our objective was to further evaluate the instrument using CTT and to use modern psychometric techniques to further validate the questionnaire and create version 2 (v2) using a new sample (N = 224). We developed a Rasch model of the questionnaire to evaluate item fit statistics, item category thresholds, person separation index (PSI), local dependency, differential item functioning (DIF), unidimensionality and targeting and item locations. Assistance was the most problematic sub-scale of all, as item-to-total correlations ranged from 0.27 to 0.66. There were no disordered thresholds on any item, either examined as part of the overall score or as part of sub-scales. However, the analysis provided evidence of the need to modify some of the sub-scales as there was lack of support for unidimensionality or fit to the Rasch model. The Bridging Social Capital Questionnaire v2 has 61 items (compared to 67 in version 1). Our questionnaire may be suitable for adaptation to other immigrant groups in different countries.

A new graph of soil Rn-gas transport: Radon-rose plot.

Soil radon gas movement depends on soil geology, environmental thermodynamic parameters and, micro-seismic telluric activity. Mapping radon time dependent concentration at the relaxation depth in a selected area, provide transport direction in a seismically high-risk region. Nuclear track methodology is employed to determine main gradient vector for radon transport. Applying the gradient definition, a "radon rose" graph is constructed from which prone area can be promptly identified. Results show that short time interval, Rn-transport direction may change unpredictably, however, the length of each "spoke" around the circle provides information on the soil Rn-gas probable shifts towards or from a direction per time interval. The new graph is a novelty and provide improved approach for environmental protection and radon dosimetry.

Shielding for transporting an 241Am-Be source for industrial applications.

Paraffin, water and water-extended polyester (WEP) were used as main moderator to design a mobile shielding for a 666 GBq 241Am-Be source used in oil industry. The shielding performance was estimated using Monte Carlo methods where the γ-rays induced by the neutron interaction with the shielding materials were also included. The spectra of neutrons and γ-rays around the shielding were estimated, as well as the total neutron and g-ray total fluences per history. The neutron source strength was used to calculate ambient dose equivalent rates, aiming to satisfy the international recommendation (2 mSv/h at the shielding surface). Moderators modify the neutron spectrum of the source reducing the amount of fast neutrons (0.5-11 MeV) and producing epithermal and thermal neutrons. During neutron transport in the moderator neutron capture and inelastic scattering produce gamma-rays. Paraffin has the best shielding performance however it is not suitable because can be affected by extreme temperatures. WEP and water have similar shielding performance, however water do not satisfy the international recommendations because at one site the neutron and γ-ray doses rates are larger than 2 mSv/h. WEP is the best option because fulfill the international recommendations, it is stable and temperatures where paraffin fails. The WEP-based shielding weights 66 kg.

Perioperative management in thoracic surgery. / Manejo perioperatorio en cirugía torácica.

Thoracic surgery has undergone significant advances in recent years related to anesthetic and surgical techniques and the prevention and management of complications related to the procedure. This has allowed improvements in patient clinical outcomes in surgeries of this kind. Despite the above, thoracic surgery, especially related to pulmonary resection, is not without risk, and is associated to considerable morbidity and mortality. Fast track or enhanced recovery after anesthesia protocols, minimally invasive surgery, and intraoperative anesthetic management improve the prognosis and safety of thoracic surgery. Patients in the postoperative period of major thoracic surgery require intensive surveillance, especially the first 24-72hours after surgery. Admission to the ICU is especially recommended in those patients with comorbidities, a reduced cardiopulmonary reserve, extensive lung resections, and those requiring support due to life-threatening organ failure. During the postoperative period, intensive cardiorespiratory monitoring, proper management of thoracic drainage, aggressive pain control (multimodal analgesia and regional anesthetic techniques), nausea and multimodal rehabilitation are key elements for avoiding adverse events. Medical complications include respiratory failure, arrhythmias, respiratory infections, atelectasis and thromboembolic lung disease. The most frequent surgical complications are hemothorax, chylothorax, bronchopleural fistula and prolonged air leakage. The multidisciplinary management of these patients throughout the perioperative period is essential in order to ensure the best surgical outcomes.

Late-gestation protein restriction negatively impacts muscle growth and glucose regulation in steer progeny.

The objective of this study was to determine whether the amount of protein provided to cows during late gestation would affect postnatal growth and lead to changes in glucose and insulin concentrations. At 129 d of gestation, 10 mature multiparous Angus cows were stratified by body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) and allotted to either low protein level (LP, 6% crude protein [CP]) or high protein level (HP, 12% CP) groups. After calving, cows were managed together on improved pastures, which provided forage in excess of requirements until weaning. Male calves were maintained as a group after weaning on native range until 23 mo of age when individual steers were placed in single pens and fed a finishing diet for 84 d. The 12th rib fat thickness and longissimus muscle area were measured during finishing phase by ultrasound. Twenty days before the end of the finishing phase, steers were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Steers were harvested and carcass characteristics collected. Cows' BW and BCS were similar at the initiation of treatment. During treatment HP dams gained 21 kg, whereas LP dams lost 7 kg (P = 0.04). Protein nutrition during late gestation did not influence calf birth weight, BW at weaning, adjusted 205 d BW, or average daily gain during lactation (P > 0.10). Longissimus muscle area measure by ultrasound was greater (P = 0.02) in HP steers at the beginning and end of finishing phase. Fat thickness of the 12th rib was not different (P > 0.10) between treatments. Glucose concentration after intravenous administration decreased (P = 0.002) in LP compared with HP steers. Peak of serum insulin concentration was greater (P = 0.04) and serum insulin concentration tended to decrease (P = 0.08) more rapidly in LP compared with HP steers after glucose infusion. At harvest, hot carcass weight was similar between treatments, but dressing percentage was increased (P = 0.05) in HP compared with LP steers. These data demonstrate that a lower protein nutrition level of dams during late gestation affect carcass characteristics and alter glucose regulation enhancing insulin secretion in steer progeny.

Effect of the administration of a probiotic with a combination of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains on antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect, safety and tolerability of a specific probiotic combination of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains (Pearls IC©) on antibiotic associated diarrhea due to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment. METHODS: Pilot, unicentric, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study (probiotic vs. placebo for 30 days). Target population: Adult patients, both sexes treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (850mg / 125mg every 8h /orally) for 7 days who attended the Emergency Department (Dexeus Hospital, Barcelona) between January and April of 2018 with prior signed informed consent with a follow up at 30 days. Variables: The differences between day 0 and day 30 of the number of daily stools and duration of diarrhea were evaluated; Stool consistency according to Bristol Stool Form, Quality of intestinal life. Subjective evaluation and evaluation of adverse effects of the product through a specifically designed questionnaire. RESULTS: Thirty-six subjects were included (18 per group) 25 females and 11 males, average age of 38.5 years (range 19-65 years). Pearls IC© delayed between 4 and 5 days the appearance of the diarrheic episode vs. placebo (p <0.001). The results of the quality of life assessment showed an improvement at the end of the 30 days period but without difference vs placebo. The results of the subjective assessment were in favor of the probiotic with higher rate of like responses than placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Pearls IC© demonstrated its beneficial effect on antibiotic associated diarrhea by delaying the onset of diarrhea and showed a tendency to decrease the number of daily stools vs. placebo.

Perspectives on cervical cancer screening and prevention: challenges faced by providers and patients along the Texas-Mexico border.

BACKGROUND: The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) and Laredo regions located along the Texas-Mexico border consist of seven counties with a population of approximately 1.5 million people and a high uninsured rate (33.5%). Cervical cancer mortality in these border counties is approximately 30% higher than the rest of Texas. The RGV and Laredo areas were studied to better understand the state of access to cervical cancer prevention services along the Texas-Mexico border. METHODS: Data on the population served and the services provided were analyzed to determine the gap between cervical cancer screenings recommended versus those received. Through interviews, we gathered the perspectives of 16 local stakeholders regarding cervical cancer screening for underserved individuals in the region. FINDINGS: It is estimated that 69,139 uninsured women aged 21-64 years in the RGV/Laredo per year are recommended to undergo cervical cancer screening with Papanicolaou (Pap) and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, but only 8941 (12.9%) Pap tests are being performed by the Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) serving uninsured women in these regions. Systemic barriers identified include insufficient provider clinical capacity, the high cost of healthcare, and uncertainty about government funding sources. Patient barriers identified include inadequate knowledge on navigating the local healthcare system, low health literacy, lack of money and childcare, an inability to miss work, limited transportation, and fear of deportation. CONCLUSION: Decreasing the disparity between cervical cancer screening services provided and those recommended requires addressing the barriers, identified by local experts, which prevent uninsured women from accessing care. These challenges are being addressed through ongoing programs and collaborations.

Estado nutricional, factores sociodemográficos y de salud en estudiantes de nuevo ingreso a la UAZ / Nutritional status and social-demographical and health factors among newly enrolled students at UAZ / Estado nutricional, fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde em estudantes de novo ingresso à UAZ

Introducción El sobrepeso y obesidad son factores de riesgo para desarrollar complicaciones a corto y largo plazo. La población de nuevo ingreso a la universidad se considera un colectivo, especialmente, vulnerable desde el punto de vista nutricional. Objetivo Describir el estado nutricional, factores sociodemográficos y de salud en estudiantes de nuevo ingreso a la UAZ. Metodología Estudio de tipo observacional, transversal y descriptivo, que se realizó a 3,972 estudiantes universitarios de nuevo ingreso. Se logró el consentimiento verbal de los alumnos. Se capacitaron y estandarizaron a los pasantes de enfermería, medicina y nutrición, para llevar a cabo las mediciones. Se obtuvo información del estado nutricional, factores sociodemográficos y salud, así como mediciones antropométricas. Resultados Los hombres tienen mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso (24.1%) y obesidad (9.2%) que las mujeres (p < 0.001). Los hombres realizan mayor actividad física (73.6% vs 51.1%), consumen más alcohol (58.3% vs 34.3%) y tabaco (20.8% vs 9.5%) (p < 0.000). Se encontró una asociación positiva en los momios de sobrepeso en relación con los hombres (RM=1.22, IC 95% 1.02-1.45), edad de 19 años (RM=1.36, IC 95% 1.02-1.45), en las áreas de ciencias de la salud (RM=1.88, IC 95% 1.05-3.35), ciencias sociales (RM=1.93, IC 95% 1.06-3.48), humanidades y educativas (RM=1.90, IC 95% 1.01-3.53), ingenierías y tecnologías (RM=1.83, IC 95% 1.01-3.30). Discusión y conclusión Se puede contribuir a reducir las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad de los estudiantes, a través de intervenciones dirigidas a modificar las conductas de riesgo durante la estancia universitaria, mejorar la alimentación y promover estilos de vida saludables.

Introduction Obesity and overweight are risk factors to developing short and long-term health-related complications; and newly enrolled university students are considered a vulnerable group in terms of their nutritional progression status. Objective To describe the nutritional status, and social-demographical and health factors among newly enrolled students at UAZ. Methodology This is an observational, transversal, and descriptive study on a sample of 3,972 newly enrolled university students who verbally consented on their participation. Nursing, medicine, and nutrition intern students were trained to carry out diverse assessments related to the nutritional status, social-demographical and health factors, and anthropometric data on the sample. Results Newly enrolled male students showed a higher prevalence of overweight (24.1%) and obesity (9.2%) in comparison to their female counterparts (p < .001). Male students showed having more physical activity (73.6% vs 51.1%) but also consuming more alcohol (58.3% vs 34.3%) and tobacco (20.8% vs 9.5%) (p < .000). Positive associations were found between the overweight numbers and, being male (RM=1.22, CI 95% 1.02-1.45), being 19 years old (RM = 1.36, CI 95% 1.02-1.45), being in the areas of health sciences (RM=1.88, CI 95% 1.05-3.35), being in the areas of social sciences (RM=1.93, CI 95% 1.06-3.48), being in the areas of humanities and education (RM=1.90, CI 95% 1.01-3.53), and being in the areas of engineering and technology (RM=1.83, CI 95% 1.01-3.30). Discussion and conclusion It is necessary to address to obesity and overweight problems among university students through interventions aimed at modifying risky behaviors during their university stay, improving the quality of nutrition, and promoting healthy life-styles.

Introdução O sobrepeso e a obesidade são fatores de risco para desenvolver complicações a curto e longo prazo. A população de novo ingresso à universidade considera-se um coletivo, especialmente, vulnerável desde o ponto de vista nutricional. Objetivo Descrever o estado nutricional, fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde em estudantes de novo ingresso à UAZ. Metodologia Estudo de tipo observacional, transversal e descritivo, que se realizou a 3,972 estudantes universitários de novo ingresso. Conseguiu-se o consentimento verbal dos alunos. Capacitaram-se e padronizaram os formados de enfermagem, medicina e nutrição, para levar a cabo as medições. Obteve-se informação do estado nutricional, fatores sociodemográficos e saúde, assim como medições antropométricas. Resultados Os homens de novo ingresso têm maior prevalência de sobrepeso (24.1%) e obesidade (9.2%) quanto as mulheres (p < 0.001). Homens realizam mais atividade física que mulheres (73.6% vs. 51.1%), consomem mais álcool (58.3% vs. 34.3%) e tabaco (20.8% vs. 9.5%) (p < 0.000). Encontrou-se uma associação positiva nas chances de sobrepeso em relação com aos homens (RM = 1.22, IC 95% 1.02-1.45), ter 19 anos de idade (RM = 1.36, IC 95% 1.02-1.45) nas áreas de ciências da saúde (RM = 1.88, IC 95% 1.05-3.35), ciências sociais (RM = 1.93, IC 95% 1.06-3.48), humanidades e educativas (RM = 1.90, IC 95% 1.01-3.53), engenharias e tecnologias (RM = 1.83, IC 95% 1.01-3.30). Discussão e conclusão Pode-se contribuir a reduzir as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade dos estudantes, a través de intervenções dirigidas a modificar as condutas de risco durante a permanência universitária, melhorar a alimentação e promover estilos de vida saudáveis.

Versatile organoaluminium catalysts based on heteroscorpionate ligands for the preparation of polyesters.

A series of alkyl aluminium complexes based on heteroscorpionate ligands were designed as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic esters and ring-opening copolymerisation of epoxides and anhydrides. Treatment of AlX3 (X = Me, Et) with ligands bpzbeH [bpzbe = 1,1-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butoxide], bpzteH [bpzte = 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1-para-tolylethoxide], and (R,R)-bpzmmH [(R,R)-bpzmm = (1R)-1-{(1R)-6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]-2-hepten-2-yl}-2,2-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)ethoxide] for 2 hours at 0 °C afforded the mononuclear dialkyl aluminium complexes [AlMe2{κ2-bpzbe}] (1), [AlEt2{κ2-bpzbe}] (2), [AlMe2{κ2-(R,R)-bpzmm}] (3) and [AlEt2{κ2-(R,R)-bpzmm}] (4), and the dinuclear dialkyl complexes [AlMe2{κ2-bpzte}]2 (5) and [AlEt2{κ2-bpzte}]2 (6). The molecular structures of the new complexes were determined by spectroscopic methods and confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The alkyl-containing aluminium complexes can act as highly efficient single-component initiators for the ring-opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone and l-lactide and for the ring-opening copolymerisation of cyclohexene oxide and phthalic anhydride to give a range of biodegradable polyesters.

Impact of reconceptualization response shift on rating of quality of life over time among people with advanced cancer.

BACKGROUND: People with cancer may experience change in what constitutes quality of life (QOL) over time as a result of the cancer progression (true change) or adaptation to the experience, considered as a response shift phenomenon. As individualized measures are ideally suited to explore response shift, this study aimed to estimate the extent to which reconceptualization response shift occurred over time in a cancer population and the impact of this response shift on estimates of change on QOL measures. METHODS: Ninety-seven people with advanced cancer completed the study measures including the Patient-Generated Index (PGI) at diagnosis (T0) and 1 year later (T1). The response shift indicator was the change in the number of areas nominated (range - 4 to + 3). Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate the effect of changing areas on change in the PGI score, single indicators of global QOL, and the EQ-5Dindex adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: Approximately 72% of people in this sample either added or dropped areas over time. People who dropped more than two areas had higher PGI scores at T1 than T0 while people who added areas showed low PGI score. CONCLUSION: The results are consistent with the PGI framework as areas nominated tend to focus on negative aspects of QOL.

Use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in microsurgery.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is currently used for its property to improve tissue regeneration and wound healing. Platelet derived growth factors are involved in tissue regeneration and new vessels formation that could improve a free flap survival. Nevertheless to validate the use of regenerative medicine in microsurgery further large and robust human clinical trials are needed.

Correction: Understanding MAOS through computational chemistry.

Correction for 'Understanding MAOS through computational chemistry' by P. Prieto et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2017, 46, 431-451.