Sagittal cranial projections dataset extracted from CBCT volumes corrected to natural head position in a mixed ethnicity population.

This dataset features 200 sagittal projection images derived from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans, corrected according to the Natural Head Position (NHP) guidelines proposed by Fredrik Lundström and Anders Lundström. The images originate from orthodontic patients in Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, encompassing both initial phases and ongoing treatments. The dataset is divided into two groups: 100 images from female subjects (CoF) and 100 from male subjects (CoM), facilitating gender-specific studies. The dataset is accompanied by an Excel file ``Data info.xlsx'' that details the rotation angles in the axial (Yaw), coronal (Roll), and sagittal (Pitch) planes, along with the pixel size and image dimensions. This detailed documentation supports the replication of studies and aids in the interpretation of cephalometric analyses. Corrections made to align the images with NHP standards involve adjustments in the three main anatomical planes using points from the frontozygomatic suture (Fz) in the axial and coronal planes, and sella (S) and nasion (N) for the sagittal plane.

Cone-beam computed tomography in endodontics: from the specific technical considerations of acquisition parameters and interpretation to advanced clinical applications.

The implementation of imaging methods that enable sensitive and specific observation of anatomical structures has been a constant in the evolution of endodontic therapy. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables 3-dimensional (3D) spatial anatomical navigation in the 3 volumetric planes (sagittal, coronal and axial) which translates into great accuracy for the identification of endodontic pathologies/conditions. CBCT interpretation consists of 2 main components: (i) the generation of specific tasks of the image and (ii) the subsequent interpretation report. A systematic and reproducible method to review CBCT scans can improve the accuracy of the interpretation process, translating into greater precision in terms of diagnosis and planning of endodontic clinical procedures. MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase and Scopus were searched from inception to March 2023. This narrative review addresses the theoretical concepts, elements of interpretation and applications of the CBCT scan in endodontics. In addition, the contents and rationale for reporting 3D endodontic imaging are discussed.

Rehabilitación de pacientes adultos mayores con insuficiencia renal crónica en régimen dialítico

14. El ejercicio físico terapéutico proporciona múltiples beneficios en los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica al reducir los mediadores inflamatorios y aumentar la síntesis de hemoglobina, la biodisponibilidad de óxido nítrico, los efectos antioxidantes, el hematocrito y las proteínas musculares, y con ello, el número y tamaño de las fibras musculares. El ejercicio físico ha demostrado en el enfermo renal beneficios a nivel cardiovascular, respiratorio, musculoesquelético, incluso, efectos positivos en el orden psicosocial, además de que no se han evidenciado complicaciones graves ni fallecimientos relacionados con el ejercicio físico en estos pacientes durante la diálisis.

18. Therapeutic physical exercise provides multiple benefits in patients with chronic kidney failure by reducing inflammatory mediators and increasing hemoglobin synthesis, nitric oxide bioavailability, antioxidant effects, hematocrit and muscle proteins and thus the number and size of the muscle fibers. Physical exercise has shown in kidney patients benefits at the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal levels, including a positive psychosocial effect. In addition, no serious complications or deaths related to physical exercise have been observed in these patients during dialysis.

lmplementation of a national regulatory framework for drinking water safety plans in Uruguay.

The establishment of national strategic frameworks for systematic scaling-up of water safety plans (WSPs) implementation needs to overcome major constraints: lack of legislation and policies, and the need for appropriate monitoring tools. In 2018, the Uruguayan regulator for energy and water services promulgated a regulation intended to ensure an ambitious and pragmatic strategy that supports and promotes WSP implementation and auditing at a national scale. The goal is to have all drinking water supply systems with their WSP implemented by 2030. For this, a demanding schedule was recommended considering the size of the drinking water supplies: (i) large systems serving more than 2,000 inhabitants and (ii) small and very small systems serving fewer than 2,000 inhabitants. A mandatory verification through internal and external audits was also established. This work describes the legal and regulatory framework as well as the challenges and opportunities that open up for the generalization of WSP implementation in Uruguay. Despite the impact of COVID-19 on working conditions for water suppliers, as for the year 2022, WSPs have been successfully implemented in 94 water systems serving more than 2.4 million people. Results of successful implementation and auditing processes are presented and discussed covering methods and outcomes.

Dataset of thermographic images for the detection of buried landmines.

This article presents a dataset of thermographic images of terrain with antipersonnel mines to identify the presence or absence of these artifacts using machine learning and artificial vision techniques. The dataset has 2700 thermographic images acquired at different heights, using a Zenmuse XT infrared camera (7-13 µm), embedded in the DJI Matrice 100 drone. The data acquisition experiment consists of capturing aerial infrared images of a terrain where elements with characteristics similar to antipersonnel mines type legbreaker were buried. The mines were planted in the ground between 0 cm and 10 cm deep and were spread over an area of 10 m x 10 m. The drone used a flight protocol that set the trajectory, the time of the flight, the acquisition height, and the image sampling frequency. This dataset was used in "Detection of "legbreaker" antipersonnel landmines by analysis of aerial thermographic images of the soil" [7].

6D-ViCuT: Six degree-of-freedom visual cuboid tracking dataset for manual packing of cargo in warehouses.

Visual tracking of objects is a fundamental technology for industry 4.0, allowing the integration of digital content and real-world objects. The industrial operation known as manual cargo packing can benefit from the visual tracking of objects. No dataset exists to evaluate the visual tracking algorithms on manual packing scenarios. To close this gap, this article presents 6D-ViCuT, a dataset of images, and 6D pose ground truth of cuboids in a manual packing operation in intralogistics. The initial release of the dataset comprehends 28 sessions acquired in a space that rebuilds a manual packing zone: indoors, area of (6 × 4 × 2) m3, and warehouse illumination. The data acquisition experiment involves capturing images from fixed and mobile RGBD devices and a motion capture system while an operator performs a manual packing operation. Each session contains between 6 and 18 boxes from an available set of 10 types, with each type varying in height, width, depth, and texture. Each session had a duration in the range of 1 to 5 minutes. Each session exhibits operator speed and box type differences (box texture, size heterogeneity, occlusion).

Building infrastructures of abortion care in an un-caring state: acompañante's carework and abortion access in Peru.

For abortion seekers, Peru is an uncaring state where legal and policy interventions have resulted in violence, persecution, and neglect. This state of abortion uncare is set within historic and ongoing denials of reproductive autonomy, coercive reproductive care, and the marginalisation of abortion. Abortion is not supported, even where legally permissible. Here we explore abortion care activism within the Peruvian context, foregrounding a key mobilisation that has emerged against a state of un-care - acompañante carework. Through interviews with people involved in abortion access and activism in Peru, we argue that acompañantes have constructed an infrastructure of abortion care in Peru through the bringing together of actors, technologies, and strategies. This infrastructure is shaped by a feminist ethic of care that differs from minority world care assumptions regarding high quality abortion care in three key ways: (i) care is provided beyond the state; (ii) care is holistic; and (iii) care is collective. We argue that US feminist debates relating to the emerging hyperrestrictive state of abortion un-care as well as broader research on feminist care can learn from acompañante activism strategically and conceptually.

Identification of Blastocystis sp. in school children from a rural Mexican village: subtypes and risk factors analysis.

Blastocystis sp. is a common eukaryotic microorganism that colonizes the intestinal tract of several animals, including humans, although its role as a pathogen is still unclear. In the present study, we report the prevalence and risk factors associated with Blastocystis infection in scholars from a rural community in Mexico. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on schoolchildren aged 3 to 15 years old; fecal samples were analyzed by culture, Faust technique, and molecular analysis. In addition, a structured questionnaire was applied to identify possible risk factors. Of the 177 samples obtained, Blastocystis sp. was the microorganism that presented the highest frequency (n=78, 44%), and included the following subtypes (STs): ST1 (n=43, 56.5%), ST2 (n=18, 23.6%), and ST3 (n=15, 19.7%); Blastocystis STs were not identified in two cases. No associating factors were found between Blastocystis infection or among STs vs. symptoms. During bivariate analysis, no statistically significant risk factors were found, except for the variable of "eating sweets, snacks, and handmade food on the way home" (p=0.04). Therefore, it is plausible to conclude that schoolchildren become infected with Blastocystis sp. mainly outside their homes, perhaps by eating contaminated handmade food on their way to or from school; however, this variable should be evaluated in detail in future studies.

Gene expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the duodenum of broiler chickens exposed to lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

Background and Aim: Intestinal infections are associated with Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli. When eliminated by treatments during replication, E. coli release lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that can activate the intestinal immune system and increase the expression of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), by the intestinal epithelium under pathological conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the addition of Bacillus subtilis to the duodenal gene expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in broilers exposed to LPS from E. coli. Materials and Methods: RNA was extracted using the Zymo Research total RNA commercial kit, according to the manufacturer's specifications, from the intestinal tissue of the duodenum previously resuspended in the lysis buffer of the kit. The expression of the cytokines of interest was measured using the QuantiNova SYBR green real-time polymerase chain reaction kit (Qiagen). Transcript quantification was performed by the ΔΔC(t) method using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a normalizing constitutive gene. Results: For the measurement of pro-inflammatory (IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the basal diet and the diet with antibiotic (avilamycin). There was a statistical difference (p < 0.05) between diets with LPS. The diet with B. subtilis presented the lowest expression; the results differed on each sampling day (days 14, 28, and 42). Conclusion: A decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and an increase in IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) was observed; in this way, a balance of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection is achieved, suggesting that the use of B. subtilis as an additive in a broiler diet has a similar effect to that produced with antibiotic growth promoter.

Dataset for the determination of phosphorus in soil through the analysis of hyperspectral images.

This article presents the capture protocol to acquire hyperspectral images, which can be used to quantify the concentration of total phosphorus in soil samples. 152 soil samples were prepared, and a hyperspectral cube made up of 145 images in the VIS-NIR bands, between 420 and 1000 nm, was obtained from each of them. The images obtained were taken with the Bayspec OCIF Series hyperspectral camera, in push-broom function, using a platform that includes an illumination system that offers a continuous spectrum in the range of interest. The samples were prepared with a soil from the Santander de Quilichao region, Cauca, Colombia, and mixed with known concentrations of P2O5 fertilizer, so that a total mass of 50 g was obtained. Each sample was deposited in a round black plastic container, 6 cm in diameter and a depth of 1 cm. The soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory to establish the concentration of total phosphorus. Therefore, the database is made up of the images associated with the hyperspectral cube of each sample, and four tables: the first describes the properties of the soil used to obtain the mixtures, the second the composition of the fertilizer used, the third describes the soil-fertilizer ratio to make up the samples, and the fourth was the laboratory analysis of the total phosphorus content of the analyzed samples.

Oportuna superación en inglés para satisfacer las demandas de la colaboración internacional en Villa Clara / Timely improvement in English to meet the demands of international collaboration in Villa Clara

Fundamento: la colaboración cubana demanda perfeccionar el dominio del idioma inglés entre aquellos profesionales de la salud que cumplen misiones internacionalistas. Objetivo: exponer los resultados de una estrategia metodológica para perfeccionar el dominio del idioma inglés en los profesionales de la salud que cumplen misiones internacionalistas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo con diseño transversal en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara durante el período enero 2019 hasta junio 2021. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos para la fundamentación de la investigación y recogida de información y matemático-estadísticos; la información obtenida se presentó en tablas con valores absolutos y relativos. Resultados: durante el año 2019 concluyeron 18 cursos, con 128 graduados, de ellos 61 con nivel A2. En el año 2020 culminó el Diplomado de Inglés para profesionales procedentes de Brasil con 55 participantes, la mayoría con nivel B1. También se graduaron 192 profesionales en cursos de inglés, el 63,54 % eran médicos, la mayoría de ellos especialistas en Medicina General Integral. Predominó el nivel B1 con 63 cursistas. Al concluir el mes de junio 2021 estaban participando en cursos de inglés 70 profesionales, la mayoría médicos (70.0 %) Conclusiones: se cumplió la capacitación programada para este periodo respondiendo a las necesidades de aprendizaje identificadas, se certificaron los graduados y se cumplimentaron los convenios de preparación a internacionalistas entre la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Villa Clara y el Departamento Provincial de Colaboración.

Background: the Cuban collaboration demands improving the command of the English language among those health professionals who fulfill internationalist missions. Objective: to present the results of a methodological strategy to improve the command of the English language in health professionals who fulfill internationalist missions. Methods: a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was carried out at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences from January 2019 to June 2021. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied for the foundation of the research and information collection, and mathematical-statistical methods; the information obtained was presented in tables with absolute and relative values. Results: during the year 2019, 18 courses were completed, with 128 graduates, 61 of them with A2 level. In 2020, the Diploma in English for professionals from Brazil was completed with 55 participants, most with B1 level. 192 professionals also graduated in English courses, 63.54 % were doctors, most of them specialists in Comprehensive General Medicine. Level B1 predominated with 63 trainees. At the end of June 2021, 70 professionals were participating in English courses, most of them doctors (70.0 %) Conclusions: the training programmed for this period was fulfilled, responding to the identified learning needs, the graduates were certified and the internationalist preparation agreements between the Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences and the Provincial Department of Collaboration were fulfilled.

Role of CD36 in cancer progression, stemness, and targeting.

CD36 is highly expressed in diverse tumor types and its expression correlates with advanced stages, poor prognosis, and reduced survival. In cancer cells, CD36: 1) increases fatty acid uptake, reprogramming lipid metabolism; 2) favors cancer cell proliferation, and 3) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, CD36 expression correlates with the expression of cancer stem cell markers and CD36+ cancer cells display increased stemness functional properties, including clonogenicity, chemo- and radioresistance, and metastasis-initiating capability, suggesting CD36 is a marker of the cancer stem cell population. Thus, CD36 has been pointed as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. At present, at least three different types of molecules have been developed for reducing CD36-mediated functions: blocking monoclonal antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, and compounds that knock-down CD36 expression. Herein, we review the role of CD36 in cancer progression, its participation in stemness control, as well as the efficacy of reported CD36 inhibitors in cancer cell cultures and animal models. Overall, the evidence compiled points that CD36 is a valid target for the development of new anti-cancer therapies.

Postoperative Analgesia and Palliative Care of Peng Block for Terminal Osteosarcoma.

Palliative care involves patients with a high incidence of chronic pain and inadequate treatment related to opioid abuse. In terminal patients, the side effects of opioids may result in lower quality of life due to their deleterious immunosuppression and gastrointestinal effects. In our routine clinical practice, we consider the ultrasound-guided PENG block as a palliative analgesic technique to improve end-of-life care to terminal patients.

Caracterización de pacientes con prescripción de losartán en dosis superior a la dosis máxima diaria, su problemática e intervención

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial es una de las enfermedades con mayor preva-lencia en nuestro país. La prescripción de antagonistas del receptor de angiotensina tipo II, es uno los tratamientos más comunes; sin embargo, su dosis máxima efectiva es controversial. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar una población de una entidad promotora de salud en Colombia, que recibía para el manejo de la hipertensión arterial, una dosis de losartán mayor a 100 mg/día. Metodología: Se incluyó una base de prescripción de 3816 casos con hipertensión arterial, en manejo con losartán potásico a dosis superiores a 100 mg/día, con una muestra proporcional de 300 casos; en quienes se aplicó una alerta de dosis máxima (100 mg/día) en la prescripción. Se describió el perfil farmacoterapéutico, interacciones farmacológicas, cambios de dosificación y en las cifras de presión arterial. Para confirmar el efecto terapéutico de losartán potásico en control de cifras de presión arterial, se realizaron pruebas estadísticas (Tukey, Bonferroni). Resultados: De los 300 pacientes, 224 (74,6%) contaban con registro de presión arterial al inicio de la prescripción de losartán potásico a 100 mg/día; después de la intervención se logró reducción de dosis en 70 casos (23,3%). 76 casos (25,3%) no contaban con ningún paraclínico de seguimiento. Conclusión: No se encontró evidencia clínica o científica que justifique la prescripción de losartán con dosis mayores a 100 mg/día para el manejo de la hipertensión arterial esencial en nuestra población descrita.

SUMMARY Introduction: Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases in our country. Type II angiotensin receptor antagonists are one of the most common treatments; however, its maximum effective dose is controversial. Aim: The objective of study to characterize a population of a health promoting entity in Colombia, which received a dose of losartan greater than 100 mg/day for management of arterial hypertension. Methodology: The study included a prescription base of 3816 cases with arterial hypertension, in management with losartan potassium at doses higher than 100 mg/day, with a proportional sample of 300 cases; in whom a maximum dose alert (100 mg/day) was applied in prescription. Pharmacotherapeutic profile, drug interactions, dosage changes, and changes in blood pressure figures were described. To confirm therapeutic effect of losartan potassium in controlling blood pressure figures, statistical tests were performed (Tukey, Bonferroni). Results: Of the 300 patients, 224 (74.6%) had a blood pressure record at beginning of prescription of losartan potassium at 100 mg/day; after the intervention, a dose reduction was achieved in 70 cases (23.3%). 76 cases (25.3%) did not have any follow-up paraclinical. Conclusion: It was concluded that losartan potassium at doses greater than 100 mg/day did not show statistically significant differences for blood pressure control. We found insufficient clinical and scientific evidence to support the treatment with losartan more than 100 mg/day for hypertension in our population.

Introdução: A hipertensão arterial é uma das doenças mais prevalentes em nosso país. Os antagonistas do receptor de angiotensina tipo II são um dos tratamentos mais comuns; entretanto, sua dose máxima efetiva é controversa. Objetivo: Caracterizar uma população de uma entidade promotora de saúde na Colômbia, que receberam uma dose de losartana superior a 100 mg/dia para tratamento de hipertensão. Metodologia: O estudo incluiu uma base de prescrição de 3816 casos com hipertensão arterial, em manejo com losartana potássica em doses maiores superior a 100 mg/ dia, com amostra proporcional de 300 casos; em quem um máximo alerta de dose (100 mg/dia) foi aplicado na prescrição. Perfil farmacoterapêutico, interações medicamentosas, alterações de dosagem e alterações nos valores da pressão arterial foram descrito. Para confirmar o efeito terapêutico da losartana potássica no controle do sangue valores pressóricos, foram realizados testes estatísticos (Tukey, Bonferroni). Resultados: De dos 300 pacientes, 224 (74,6 %) tinham registro de pressão arterial no início da prescrição de losartana potássica a 100 mg/dia; após a intervenção, uma redução da dose foi alcançada em 70 casos (23,3 %). 76 casos (25,3 %) não tiveram seguimento paraclínico. Conclusão: Concluiuse que a losartana potássica em doses maiores superior a 100 mg/dia não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas para a pressão arterial ao controle. Encontramos evidências clínicas e científicas insuficientes para apoiar o tratamento com losartana mais de 100 mg/dia para hipertensão em nossa população.

[The most nutritious food: debates and practices about milk consumption in Mexico]. / El alimento más completo: debates y prácticas sobre el consumo de leche en México.

This text explores milk consumption in Mexico City from 1930-1960, starting with the implementation of public policies and day-to-day practices. The text examines the strategies employed by the Mexican state to increase milk consumption by importing powdered milk, rehydrating it and distributing it at subsidized prices. Doctors, nutritionists and the dairy industry reproduced a discourse of milk's superiority, denying or questioning the nutritional value of low-dairy diets. Life histories show women's perspective and the difficulties in implementing middle-class ideals in peasant and working-class homes.

El presente texto explora el consumo de leche en la Ciudad de México entre 1930-1960 a partir de la implementación de políticas públicas y prácticas cotidianas. El texto da cuenta de las estrategias del estado mexicano para incrementar el consumo de leche mediante la importación de leche en polvo, su rehidratación y distribución a precios subsidiados. Médicos, nutriólogos y la industria lechera reprodujeron un discurso de superioridad de la leche, negando o cuestionando el valor nutricional de las dietas bajas en lácteos. Las historias de vida muestran la perspectiva de las mujeres y las dificultades en implementar los ideales de clase media en hogares campesinos y de clase trabajadora.

Relação entre violência interpessoal e discriminação: retrato de uma cultura de ódio / The relation between interpersonal violence and discrimination: a culture of hate portrait

RESUMO A violência é um problema de saúde pública e, historicamente, sempre foi registrada coexistindo com a experiência humana. O presente estudo teve como objetivo evidenciar a relação entre atos violentos e discriminação. Para alcançar este objetivo, utilizou-se um levantamento de caráter quantitativo, em plataforma online, com amostra composta por 137 sujeitos. Os dados foram analisados a partir de medidas estatísticas descritivas como média, frequência e desvio padrão. Os resultados apontaram que a natureza do ato violento mais lembrada foi a psicológica, com média de 60,58% dos episódios, a relação com algum tipo de discriminação ocorreu em 72,26% das respostas, dentre estas, o machismo foi a discriminação mais relacionada com média de 49,63%. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível refletir sobre ações preventivas como a principal forma de superação da violência.

ABSTRACT Violence is a public health problem and historically has always been registered coexisting with the human experience. The current study has the aim to show the relation between violent acts and discrimination. To reach this goal, a quantitative survey in an online platform composed by 137 people was used. The information was analyzed from descriptive statistical measures like the mean, frequency and standard deviation. The results show that the most remembered violent act was the psicological violence, which was shown in around 60,58% of the episodes, the connection with some kind of discrimination occured in 72,26% of the answers, amongst them, sexism was the most common one, around 49,63%. With the results achieved, it was possible to reflect about preventive actions as the main form to overcome violence.

Modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento Ambiental en la Agroindustria. Caso Sector Panelero / Environmental Knowledge Management Model in Agribusiness. Case of Panelero Sector / Modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento Ambiental no Agronegócio. Caso do Setor Panelero

Resumen Introducción: el sector agroindustrial ha evolucionado debido a la necesidad de una producción diversificada, competitiva y con menores efectos negativos para el ambiente y las comunidades. Esto requiere que sus procesos se basen en la integración del conocimiento científico y tecnológico con los saberes y conocimientos locales. Objetivo: proponer un modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento (GC) ambiental en la agroindustria, para adquirir, transferir y utilizar conocimiento técnico y tradicional, útil en la toma de decisiones. Aportando a la mejora de su nivel tecnológico, económico, social y ambiental. Materiales y métodos: mediante una búsqueda sistemática de literatura, y el análisis de redes, se identifican y determinan los modelos de GC pertinentes a la agroindustria; posteriormente se analizan los actores del sector panelero mediante el método Recursos, Actividades, Resultados (RARe), identificando sus relaciones y necesidades de GC, finalmente se propone el modelo de gestión del conocimiento y sus procesos. Resultados: Los resultados inician con la definición de las relaciones entre objetivos de GC, los modelos, las herramientas y los procesos pertinentes a la agroindustria, segundo el mapeo de los actores, sus relaciones y necesidades de GC en el sector panelero, y tercero la propuesta del modelo de GC ambiental, implicaciones, acciones, facilitadores y potencializadores de la GC frente a mejorar las unidades productivas de panela desde el factor ambiental, tecnológico, social y político. Conclusiones: El modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento Ambiental propuesto se convierte una herramienta mediante el cual es posible articular la GC en el sector panelero permitiendo la socialización de conocimiento innovador entre los actores productores y los actores externos para poder llegar a tener potenciales beneficios y suplir las necesidades de gestionar conocimiento sobre el mejoramiento tecnológico y gestión ambiental.

Abstract Introduction: the agribusiness sector has evolved due to the need for diversified, competitive production with fewer negative effects on the environment and communities. This requires its processes to be based on the integration of scientific and technological knowledge with local knowledge. Objective: to propose an environmental Knowledge Management (KM) model in agribusiness, to acquire, transfer and use technical and traditional knowledge, useful in decision making. Contributing to the improvement of its technological, economic, social and environmental level. Materials and methods: through a systematic literature search and network analysis, KM models pertinent to agribusiness are identified and determined; then the actors of the panel sector are analyzed through the method Resources, Activities, Results (RARe), identifying their relationships and KM needs; finally, the knowledge management model and its processes are proposed. Results: The results begin with the definition of the relationships between KM objectives, models, tools and processes relevant to the agroindustry; second, the mapping of actors, their relationships and KM needs in the sugarcane sector; and third, the proposal of the environmental KM model, implications, actions, facilitators and potentiates of KM to improve sugarcane production units from the environmental, technological, social and political points of view. Conclusions: The proposed Environmental Knowledge Management model becomes a tool through which it is possible to articulate KM in the sugarcane sector, allowing the socialization of innovative knowledge between producers and external actors in order to reach potential benefits and meet the needs of managing knowledge on technological improvement and environmental management.

Resumo Introdução: o sector agroindustrial evoluiu devido à necessidade de uma produção diversificada e competitiva com menos efeitos negativos no ambiente e nas comunidades. Isto exige que os seus processos se baseiam na integração do conhecimento científico e tecnológico com o conhecimento local. Objetivo: propor um modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento (GC) ambiental na agroindústria, para adquirir, transferir e utilizar conhecimentos técnicos e tradicionais, úteis na tomada de decisões. Contribuir para a melhoria do seu nível tecnológico, económico, social e ambiental. Materiais e métodos: através de uma pesquisa sistemática na literatura e análise de redes, são identificados e determinados os modelos de GC pertinentes à agroindústria; em seguida, os atores do setor de painéis são analisados através do método Recursos, Atividades, Resultados (RARe), identificando suas relações e necessidades de GC, e finalmente o modelo de gestão do conhecimento e seus processos são propostos. Resultados: Os resultados começam com a definição das relações entre os objetivos, modelos, ferramentas e processos da CG relevantes para a agroindústria; segundo, o mapeamento dos actores, suas relações e necessidades da CG no sector da cana de açúcar; e terceiro, a proposta do modelo ambiental da CG, implicações, ações, facilitadores e potenciadores da CG para melhorar as unidades de produção de cana de açúcar dos pontos de vista ambiental, tecnológico, social e político. Conclusões: O modelo proposto de Gestão do Conhecimento Ambiental torna-se uma ferramenta através da qual é possível articular a KM no sector canavieiro, permitindo a socialização do conhecimento inovador entre produtores e actores externos, de modo a alcançar potenciais benefícios e satisfazer as necessidades de gestão do conhecimento sobre melhoramento tecnológico e gestão ambiental.

Evidencia basada en la práctica: conocimientos, percepciones y comportamiento de los estudiantes de primer año de Odontología / Evidence-based practice: knowledge, perceptions, and behavior of first year dental students

La Odontología basada en la evidencia permite tomar decisiones clínicas fundamentadas en investigaciones actuales apoyadas en la mejor evidencia disponible, integrando la experiencia clínica con las preferencias y necesidades de los pacientes. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el estado inicial de los conocimientos, actitudes, acceso y confianza acerca de los principios de la Evidencia Basada en la Práctica de los estudiantes de primer año de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal que aplicó el formulario KACE validado por Hendricson, que consta de 35 ítems dividido en cuatro áreas: Conocimientos, Actitudes, Acceso, Confianza. Resultados: los estudiantes participantes (n=239), presentaron en el Área Conocimiento 62,76 %; registraron respuestas correctas acerca del conocimiento de estudio de casos. Área Actitudes 67,37 % indicó estar de acuerdo con la atención del paciente, basada en evidencia. Área Acceso a la Evidencia 40,17 %, de los estudiantes acceden a libros de texto en búsqueda de información; Área Confianza en las habilidades de evaluación crítica 45,61% indicaron tener algo de confianza a acerca de la adecuación del tamaño de la muestra. Conclusión: de acuerdo a los resultados de este estudio, se debe profundizar la capacitación de conocimientos acerca de la Odontología Basada en la Práctica. En cuanto a actitudes los resultados muestran el interés de los estudiantes, en el área de acceso existen limitaciones, y acerca del área de confianza en las habilidades de evaluación crítica, los estudiantes registraron un valor regular.

Evidence-based Dentistry allows clinical decisions based on current research supported by the best available evidence, integrating the clinical experience, with the preferences and needs of the patients. Objective: the objective of this article was to determine the initial state of knowledge, attitudes, access, and confidence about the principles of Evidence Based on Practice of first-year students at Dental School at the San Simón University. Methods: descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study that applied the KACE form validated by Hendricson in 2012, consists of 35 items divided into four categories: Knowledge, Attitudes, Access, Confidence. Results: the students who participated (n=239) registered in Knowledge category 62.76% correct answers about case study knowledge. In Attitudes category 67.37 % indicated they agree with the evidence-based patient care. Access to Evidence category 40.17% of the students' access textbooks in search of information; Confidence category in critical evaluation skill 45.61% indicated having some confidence about the adequacy of the sample size. Conclusion: according to the results, the training of knowledge about Practice Based Dentistry should be deepened. Regarding attitudes, the results indicate student interest; in access to evidence, students registered a fair value in confidence in critical assessment.

Study on health risk factors as a basis to implement programs that promote a nutritional culture in students of the la Sabana University.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays the importance of lifestyles in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome has been largely accertained. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our work is to implement programs that promote a nutritional culture in adolescents and young adults of the La Sabana University. METHODS: The methodology entailed, after the corresponding informed consent, taking measures of the triceps and supraescapular skinfolds, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lean mass, and fat mass. Fasting blood samples were also taken to quantify cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). RESULTS: The results obtained show that of the 165 students, 10.3% were underweight, 13.93% were overweight and 0.6% were obese. With regards to gender, 4.8% of the men and 9% of the women were overweight, 3% of the men and 7.2% of the women were underweight, and 0.6% of the women were obese. The blood chemistry showed that 30% had hypercholesterolemia, 18% hypertriglyceridemia, 17% reported low HDL levels and 67% reported high LDL levels. Of all the cases studied, 40% are at risk of a metabolic syndrome. 60% claimed not to practice any physical activity - especially women who reported 44.70%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have allowed us at the institution to implement a culture of healthy habits. The have also allowed us to identify students with risk factors for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This is why the cardiometabolic monitoring and control based on healthy eating and physical activity are important.

Correlación de la distancia recorrida en la caminata de 6 minutos y puntajes de comorbilidad Charlson y Elixhauser / Correlation of distance traveled in the 6 minute walk and Charlson and Elihauser comorbidity scores

Introduction: The walking test of 6 minutes (6MW) is a test that merges the answer of different systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, skeletal muscle and neurosensorial) and offers an useful objective result to lead therapeutic measurements and stablish a prognosis, it's possible that the comorbid patient lowers their functional reserve and alters the result of the test not only because of the presence of pathologies cardiorespiratory, nevertheless, information about the correlation between the scores of comorbidity and the traveled distance in the 6MW is limited. Objective: Determine the correlation between the traveled distance in the 6MW and the scores of comorbidities of Charlson and Elixhauser. Methods: A cross-sectional study was made, in patients taken to the 6MW made between 2006 until March 2020, in a hospital of high complexity; there were included patients older than 18 years old, whose clinic history record and walk of 6 minutes were available. The index of Charlson and Elixhauser were calculated in the 6MW, a bivariate analysis was made between the antecedents of pathologies and the traveled distance, independently and adjusted, the spearman correlation coefficient was calculated for the different scores and the distance in meters of the 6MW, was considerate a significative p: <0,05. Results: to the final analysis 491 subjects entered, the average age was of 69 years old (sd: 14,9), 54% male, the 15,3% had an abnormal walk less than the 80% of the expected, the diseases that were considered had a statistically significant relation with the decrease of the distance in the 6MW were arterial hypertension (p: <0,001), chronic heart failure (p=0,037), heart arrhythmia (p=0,003), smoking (p=0,022), chronic pulmonary obstruction disease (p: <0,001), dementia (p=0,03diabetes mellitus with target organ damage (p=0,01), moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (p=0,012), obesity (p=0,036) y lymphoma (p=0,038 the spearman correlation coefficient between the traveled distances and Charlson was of -0,343 (IC95%:-0,420 -0,264)(p: < 0,001) and -0,213(IC95%:-0,285 -0,116)(p: <0,001) with the Elixhauser index. Conclusion: The distances walked in meters in the 6MW has a reverse low correlation with the comorbidity index, the diseases that were not cardiopulmonary and that related independently with changes in the traveled dist ance are smoking, dementia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and lymphoma. Key words: Comorbidities, Walk, Test, Cardiopulmonary, Charlson, Elixhauser