Seminal vesicles tumor: Rare localization of lymphoma. A case report.

A case affected by a seminal vesicles secondary tumor to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is reported. Seminal vesicles neoplasms are scarce, and they can be classified into primary or secondary. The most common case is their involvement by extension of adjacent tumors, which are clinically nonspecific. In the case presented herein, the patient complained of oliguria, constipation and perineal pain, where imaging methods revealed the growth of both seminal vesicles. Pathological examination revealed infiltration of seminal vesicles by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In view of this clinical event, we briefly reviewed literature related to the involvement of seminal vesicles tumor.

Comparison between different epidural analgesia modalities for labor. / Comparativa entre diferentes modalidades de analgesia epidural para trabajo de parto.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years new modalities of epidural analgesia maintenance (EA) have been introduced. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare different modalities of EA maintenance for childbirth relating the time of expulsive and dilatation, motor blockade and delivery instrumentation (caesarean section, sucker, forceps, eutocic delivery or non-instrumented delivery). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients admitted for labor in the University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria between January 2013 and December 2015 were included. Independent modalities of EA, continuous infusion (CI), continuous infusion plus analgesia patient controlled epidural analgesia were determined as independent variables (CI+PCEA) and intermittent programmed epidural boluses plus patient controlled epidural analgesia (PIEB+PCEA). RESULTS: There are no differences in expulsive time or dilation. There is a difference in the type of instrumentation, caesarean section, sucker, forceps, eutocic delivery or non-instrumented delivery (P>.05), with the percentage of eutocic deliveries in PIEB+PCEA of 66 versus 60 in CI and 65 in CI+PCEA. The percentage of caesarean sections was 23 in CI, in CI+PCEA and PIEB+PCEA of 17. CI increases by 27% the possibility of instrumented deliveries respect to PIEB+PCEA, there is no difference between CI+PCEA and PIEB+PCEA. The motor blockade at 60 and 90minutes reaches lower values with PIEB+PCEA with an average of 0 and a range of 0-1, compared to CI+PCEA 0 (0-4). Satisfaction with CI+PCEA ranges from 2-10 and with PIEB+PCEA 0-10. CONCLUSION: It is possible to say that PIEB+PCEA is associated with higher frequency of non-instrumented deliveries. The possibility of instrumented deliveries increases with CI versus PIEB+PCEA. There is less motor block with PIEB+PCEA than with CI+PCEA. There are no differences in time of dilatation, expulsion, or patient satisfaction.

Neutralization of pharmacological and toxic activities of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom and isolated myotoxins by Serjania erecta methanolic extract and its fractions

Most of the snakebites recorded in Brazil are caused by the Bothrops genus. Given that the local tissue damage caused by this genus cannot be treated by antivenom therapy, numerous studies are focusing on supplementary alternatives, such as the use of medicinal plants. Serjania erecta has already demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and healing properties. In the current study, the aerial parts of S. erecta were extracted with methanol, then submitted to chromatographic fractionation on a Sephadex LH20 column and eluted with methanol, which resulted in four main fractions. The crude extract and fractions neutralized the toxic activities of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom and isolated myotoxins (BthTX-I and II). Results showed that phospholipase A2, fibrinogenolytic, myotoxic and hemorrhagic activities were inhibited by the extract. Moreover, the myotoxic and edematous activities induced by BthTX-I, and phospholipase A2 activity induced by BthTX-II, were inhibited by the extract of S. erecta and its fraction. The clotting time on bovine plasma was significantly prolonged by the inhibitory action of fractions SF3 and SF4. This extract is a promising source of natural inhibitors, such as flavonoids and tannins, which act by forming complexes with metal ions and proteins, inhibiting the action of serineproteases, metalloproteases and phospholipases A2.

Diagnóstico de Mycoplasma genitalium por amplificación de los genes MgPa y ARN ribosomal 16S / Diagnosis of Mycoplasma genitalium by MgPa and rRNA 16S gene amplification

OBJETIVO: El microorganismo Mycoplasma genitalium se ha relacionado con la uretritis no gonocócica (UNG). La técnica de PCR se ha convertido en el principal método de detección de este patógeno. En consecuencia, debe aplicarse un método de diagnóstico mediante la amplificación de fragmentos de ADN por la técnica PCR. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron los cebadores MGF-MGR y MgPaF-MgPaR, complementarios de los genes de ARNr 16S y MgPa de M. genitalium, respectivamente. Se efectuaron ensayos de especificidad y sensibilidad y se estudiaron muestras clínicas. RESULTADOS: La PCR con cada grupo de cebadores utilizado fue específica sólo para M. genitalium y la sensibilidad fue mayor con el grupo de cebadores MGF-MGR. En el estudio de 34 muestras clínicas, 18.5por ciento fue positivo a M. genitalium y se encontró un mayor número de muestras positivas al utilizar los cebadores MgPaF-MgPaR. CONCLUSIONES: Debe aplicarse en la práctica clínica el diagnóstico de M. genitalium mediante la amplificación del ADN por PCR en los pacientes con UNG(AU)

OBJECTIVE: Mycoplasma genitalium has been associated with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). Diagnosis by PCR has become the primary detection method for this organism. Thus, diagnosis by DNA amplification using the PCR technique should be utilized. MATERIAL AND METHODS: GMF/GMR and MgpF/MgpR primer pairs, complementary to the M. genitalium 16S rRNA and MgPa genes, respectively, were selected. Specificity and sensibility assays were conducted and clinical samples were studied. RESULTS: The PCR with each primer pair was specific only for M. genitalium, and the sensibility was higher with the GMF/GMR primers. In the study of 34 clinical samples, 18,5percent were positive for M. genitalium, with more positive samples when the MgpF/MgpR primers were used. CONCLUSIONS: DNA amplification by PCR should be applied in clinical practice to the diagnosis of M. genitalium in patients with NGU should using(AU)

Intestinal parasitism in Peruvian children and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species.

Intestinal parasitism was studied in children of Trujillo (Peru) to create a prevention and control program. Fecal samples of 489 children were examined. The general prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was found to be 68%. The most frequent pathogenic enteroparasites were Giardia lamblia (26.4%), Cyclospora cayetanensis (13%), Hymenolepis nana (2%), Hymenolepis diminuta (1.6%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (1%). All these parasites appeared both in diarrheic and nondiarrheic children, except Cryptosporidium, which invariably caused diarrhea. Multiple parasitism was frequent, 45.6% of the children presenting two, three, or four intestinal parasites. Cryptosporidium was the only parasite that was not associated with the others. Only five children were affected of cryptosporidiosis, presenting explosive diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Cryptosporidium species and genotypes involved in the infantile cryptosporidiosis were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Four children were parasitized by Cryptosporidium hominis and only one by Cryptosporidium parvum. Our results confirm that anthroponotic transmission of Cryptosporidium is predominant in Peru.

Purification and characterization of two iron superoxide dismutases of Phytomonas sp. isolated from Euphorbia characias (plant trypanosomatids).

Two superoxide dismutases (SODI and SODII) have been purified by differential centrifugation, fractionation with ammonium sulphate followed by chromatographic separation (ionic exchange and affinity), from a plant trypanosomatid isolated from Euphorbia characias, and then characterized for several biochemical properties. Both enzymes were insensitive to cyanide but sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, properties characteristic of iron-containing superoxide dismutase. SODI had a molecular mass of approximately 66 kDa, whereas the molecular mass of SODII was approximately 22 kDa, both enzymes showing single bands. The isoelectric points of SODI and SODII were 6.8 and 3.6, respectively. The enzymatic stability persisted at least for 6 months when the sample was lyophilized and preserved at -80 degrees C. Digitonin titration and subcellular fractionation showed that both enzymes were in the cytoplasmic fraction, although part of SODII isoenzyme was also associated with glycosomes. We assayed these activities (SOD) in 18 trypanosomatid isolates on isoelectric focusing gels, and have demonstrated that the SOD is a biochemical marker sufficient to identify a trypanosomatid isolated from a plant as belonging to the genus Phytomonas and to distinguish between a true Phytomonas and other trypanosomatids that are capable of causing transient infections in plants.

[Efficacy of Spirolept vaccine against human leptospirosis as estimated by passive protection of laboratory rodents]. / Etude de l'efficacité du vaccin Spirolept contre la leptospirose par la protection passive de rongeurs de laboratoire.

OBJECTIVE: This study had for aim to assess the serological response induced by the Spirolept vaccine against human leptospirosis. METHOD: A serological follow-up was made on 31 patients at a risk of occupational exposure. The antibody titers of vaccinated patients were assessed by MAT and ELISA. In a second step, vaccinal protection was studied in vivo by checking the seroprotective effect of the human sera injected in an animal model (Meriones unguiculatus) naturally susceptible to the disease. The passive protection was studied by comparing the death rate on five batches of animals to which the bacterium was inoculated. Thus, four batches of animals were injected subcutaneously with a pooled sera of vaccinated people sampled at D0, D15, D135, and D320 after Spirolept vaccination. One control batch was given PBS. One day after injection, the latter batch was inoculated with the homologous strain Verdun of Leptospira interrogans ss icterohemorrhagiae (serogroup Icterohemorrhagiae) used to make the vaccine. RESULTS: The death rate was significantly decreased as soon as D15 after the first injection, even with pooled sera of vaccinated people negative for the MAT. COMMENTS: The Spirolept vaccine induces a protective response against icterohemorrhagiae, which can be transmitted to the animal model and thus is linked to a humoral response.

[Validity of new diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Impact of its application in a health care area]. / Validez de los nuevos criterios diagnósticos de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Impacto de su aplicación en un área de salud.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate how the number of diabetics known as type 2 is modified by applying the American Diabetes Association (ADA) new diagnostic criteria. To calculate the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the ADA diagnostic criteria. DESIGN: Transversal descriptive study. SCOPE OF THE STUDY: 15,451 people belonging to two urban health care centers. 1292 individuals were studied by routine random sampling. SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY: General population between 40 and 75 years of age. METHOD: Review of clinical histories, selecting the basal glycemias performed over the last three years, considering the last one in the event that more than one existed, and performing the necessary analysis if no data existed. A new glycemia measurement was carried out as well as a glucose tolerance test for those values > or = 110-139. Age, sex, and prior diagnosis of diabetes were also recorded. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The mean age was 56 years, 56.1% were females. Normal glycemias (< 110)--830 individuals (86.2%). The prevalence of diabetes was 10.5% when the WHO criteria were applied and 8.7% when ADA criteria were applied. Sensitivity was 39.29%, specificity was 100%, the positive predictive value was 100% and the negative predictive value was 98.5%. 49 individuals presented an altered basal glycemia (5.5%), 17 of whom (34.7%) were diabetic according to the WHO. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes when the WHO criteria are applied is significantly higher than when ADA criteria are applied (p = 0.000). The basal glycemia value of > or = 126 is less sensitive than the glucose tolerance test. No normoglycemic patient according to the ADA would be diabetic according to the WHO; however the ADA and the WHO classify the non-normoglycemics in different groups. The WHO criteria (scrupulously applied) are the better diagnostic method for diabetes in principle and the glucose tolerance test is a test not to be done away with.

Validez de los nuevos criterios diagnósticos de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Impacto de su aplicación en un área de salud / Validity of the new diagnostic criteria for tyde 2 diabetes mellitus impact of their application on a health care catchment area

Objetivos. Estimar cómo se modifica el número de diabéticos conocidos tipo 2 aplicando los nuevos criterios de la Asociación Americana de Diabetes (ADA). Calcular la sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos de los criterios diagnósticos ADA. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Ámbito de estudio. Un total de 15.451 personas pertenecientes a 2 centros de salud urbanos. Se estudiaron 1.292 individuos mediante muestreo aleatorio sistemático. Sujetos de estudio. Población general de 40-75 años. Intervenciones. Revisión de historias clínicas, seleccionando las glucemias basales realizadas en los últimos 3 años, considerando la última en caso de existir varias y realizando analítica en caso de no haber datos. En el rango 110-139 se realizó una nueva glucemia y sobrecarga oral de glucosa (SOG). Se registró también edad, sexo y diagnóstico previo de diabetes. Mediciones y resultados. La edad media fue 56 años, con un 56,1 por ciento de mujeres. Glucemias normales (< 110), 830 individuos (86,2 por ciento). La prevalencia de diabetes fue del 10,5 por ciento aplicando criterios OMS y del 8,7 por ciento utilizando los de ADA. La sensibilidad fue del 39,29 por ciento, la especificidad del 100 por ciento, el valor predictivo positivo del 100 por ciento y el negativo de un 98,5 por ciento. Presentaban glucemia basal alterada 49 individuos (5,5 por ciento), de los cuales 17 (34,7 por ciento) fueron diabéticos según criterios OMS. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de diabetes aplicando criterios OMS es significativamente superior que si se aplican criterios ADA (p = 0,000). La glucemia basal 126 es menos sensible que la SOG. Ningún paciente normoglucémico por criterios ADA sería diabético por criterios OMS; sin embargo, ADA y OMS clasifican a los no normoglucémicos en grupos diferentes. En principio los criterios OMS (rigurosamente empleados) suponen el mejor método diagnóstico de diabetes y la SOG es una prueba de la que no deberíamos prescindir. (AU)

Descubrimiento de dos nuevos serotipos de leptospiras pertenecientes a los complejos patogenos bataviae y autumnalis / Discovery of two new Leptospira serogroups in Cuba belonging to Bataviae and autumnalis patogens complexes

La leptospirosis es en la actualidad un problema de salud para muchos grupos poblacionales. Es una zoonosis no erradicable hasta el momento en el mundo por la variedad de fuentes , focos y vias de transmisionde la enfermedad. La diversidad de serogrupos y dentro de estos de serovares de leptospira que circulan en areas y medios obedecen a diversos factores. Algunos serovares son endemicos pero la inmensa mayoria se encuentran en casi todos los paises. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar por primera vez en Cuba, la existencia y circulacion en el hombre de 2 serogrupos de leptospiras que son el Betaviae y el Autumnalis. Estas cepas fueron aisladas a partir de hemocultivos de pacientes hospitalizados en el hospital "Abel Santamaria". El metodo de aglutinacion cruzada fue el empleado para clasificar estas cepas enfrentando los sueros hiperinmunes de las cepas a 23 serogrupos de leptospiras de referencia y viceversa. Los sueron hiperinmunes de las cepas de refencia se enfrentaron a las cepas aisladas. Los resultados arrojaron la pertenencia a Betaviae con titulo de 1:6400 y Autumnalis con titulos de 1:25600, empleando los serovares Bataviae, cepa Swarts y serovar Autumnalis cepa Akiyami A. Este reporte tine gran relevancia microbiologica, clinica y epidemiologica ya que pone de manifiesto la existencia de leptospiras que no habian sido reconocidas en el pais y contribuye a esclarecer la estructura etiologica en Pinar del Rio y el pais...(AU)