Clindamycin but not Intravenous Immunoglobulins reduces mortality in a retrospective cohort of critically ill patients with bacteremic Group A Streptococcal infections / Tratamiento con clindamicina, y no con inmunoglobulinas intravenosas, disminuye la mortalidad en una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes críticos con bacteriemia por Streptococcus del Grupo A

Objectives. Mortality of patients requiring Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission for an invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infection continues being high. In critically ill patients with bacteremic GAS infection we aimed at determining risk factors for mortality. Patients and methods. Retrospective multicentre study carried out in nine ICU in Southern Spain. All adult patients admitted to the participant ICUs from January 2014 to June 2019 with one positive blood culture for S. pyogenes were included in this study. Patient characteristics, infection-related variables, therapeutic interventions, failure of organs, and outcomes were registered. Risk factors independently associated with ICU and in-hospital mortalities were determined by multivariate regression analyses. Results. Fifty-seven patients were included: median age was 63 (45-73) years, median SOFA score at admission was 11 (7-13). The most frequent source was skin and soft tissue infection (n=32) followed by unknown origin of bacteremia (n=12). In the multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.079; 95% CI 1.016-1.145), SOFA score (OR 2.129; 95% CI 1.339-3.383) were the risk factors for ICU mortality and the use of clindamycin was identified as a protective factor (OR 0.049; 95% CI 0.003-0.737). Age and SOFA were the independent factors associated with hospital mortality however the use of clindamycin showed a strong trend but without reaching statistical significance (OR 0.085; 95% CI 0.007-1.095). (AU)

Objetivo. La mortalidad de los pacientes que requieren ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) por una infección invasiva por estreptococos del grupo A (GAS) continúa siendo inaceptablemente alta. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los factores de riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes críticos con infección estreptocócica bacterémica del grupo A. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico realizado en nueve UCI del sur de España. Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos ingresados en las UCI participantes desde enero de 2014 hasta junio de 2019 con un hemocultivo positivo para S. pyogenes. Se registraron las características de los pacientes, las variables relacionadas con la infección, las intervenciones terapéuticas, el fracaso de los órganos y el pronóstico. Se determinaron mediante análisis de regresión multivariante los factores de riesgo asociados de forma independiente con la mortalidad en UCI y hospitalaria. Resultados. Se incluyeron cincuenta y siete pacientes: la mediana de edad fue de 63 (45-73) años, la mediana de la puntuación SOFA al ingreso fue de 11 (7-13). El foco más frecuente fue la infección de la piel y los tejidos blandos (n=32) seguida de la bacteriemia de origen desconocido (n=12). En el análisis multivariante, la edad (OR 1,079; IC del 95%: 1,016-1,145), y la puntuación SOFA (OR 2,129; IC del 95%: 1,339-3,383) se identificaron como factores de riesgo para la mortalidad en UCI. El uso de clindamicina se identificó como un factor protector (OR 0,049; IC del 95%: 0,003-0,737). La edad y la SOFA se asociaron de forma independiente con la mortalidad hospitalaria, mientras que el tratamiento con clindamicina mostró una tendencia fuerte pero sin alcanzar significación estadística (OR 0,085; IC del 95%: 0,007-1,095). (AU)

Initial Antifungal Strategy Reduces Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Candidemia: A Propensity Score-Adjusted Analysis of a Multicenter Study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the empirical therapy with fluconazole or an echinocandin on 30- and 90-day mortality in critically ill patients with candidemia. The outcome of patients in whom the empirical echinocandin was deescalated to fluconazole was also assessed. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational multicenter study. SETTING: Medical and surgical ICUs in nine Spanish hospitals. PATIENTS: Adult patients (≥ 18 yr) with an episode of Candida bloodstream infection during ICU admission from January 2011 to April 2016. INTERVENTIONS: Patient characteristics, infection-related variables, therapeutic interventions, and metastatic complications were reviewed. A propensity score-adjusted multivariable analysis was performed to identify the risk factors significantly associated with 30-day and 90-day mortality. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 294 patients were diagnosed of candidemia in the participant ICUs. Sixty patients were excluded (other antifungals in the primary therapy or the patient died without empirical antifungal therapy). The study group comprised 115 patients who received fluconazole (30-day mortality, 37.4%) and 119 patients treated empirically with an echinocandin (30-day mortality, 31.9%). The use of an echinocandin in the empirical therapy was a protective factor for 30-day (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.16-0.66; p = 0.002) and 90-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93; p = 0.014) in the propensity score- adjusted multivariable analysis. Deescalation of the empirical echinocandin to fluconazole was not associated with a higher mortality or the occurrence of long-term complications. CONCLUSIONS: Empirical use of an echinocandin in critically ill patients with documented candidemia reduces mortality at 30 and 90 days significantly. Deescalation of the empirical echinocandin to fluconazole is safe and effective in fluconazole-susceptible infections.