Examining the Effects of a 24-Week Exercise Program on Functional Capacity, Cognitive Capacity, and Quality of Life in Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

This study investigated the effects of two physical exercise programs for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Twenty-one participants were assigned to an indoor group (IG, n = 7; 24-week gym intervention with machine), an outdoor group (OG, n = 7; 24-week outdoor intervention with low-cost materials) or a control group. The outcomes assessed included quality of life, dementia, and functional capacity. The IG significantly improved physical well-being compared with the control group (p = .017). There were no significant differences in dementia score between groups and moments. Postintervention, the IG showed improvements compared with the control group for the 30-s sit-to-stand test (p = .03), timed up-and-go (p = .00), and 6-min-walk test (p = .033) and between moments in the IG for 30-s sit-to-stand test (pre ≠ post; p = .007) and 6-min-walk test (pre ≠ post; p = .007). Outdoor interventions appeared effective for physical well-being, while indoor interventions using weight-training machines benefited functional capacity. No significant effects were observed for dementia/cognitive decline.

Poly ADP-ribose signaling is dysregulated in Huntington disease.

Huntington disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by cytosine, adenine, guanine (CAG) expansion in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene, translating to an expanded polyglutamine tract in the HTT protein. Age at disease onset correlates to CAG repeat length but varies by decades between individuals with identical repeat lengths. Genome-wide association studies link HD modification to DNA repair and mitochondrial health pathways. Clinical studies show elevated DNA damage in HD, even at the premanifest stage. A major DNA repair node influencing neurodegenerative disease is the PARP pathway. Accumulation of poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose (PAR) has been implicated in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, as well as cerebellar ataxia. We report that HD mutation carriers have lower cerebrospinal fluid PAR levels than healthy controls, starting at the premanifest stage. Human HD induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and patient-derived fibroblasts have diminished PAR response in the context of elevated DNA damage. We have defined a PAR-binding motif in HTT, detected HTT complexed with PARylated proteins in human cells during stress, and localized HTT to mitotic chromosomes upon inhibition of PAR degradation. Direct HTT PAR binding was measured by fluorescence polarization and visualized by atomic force microscopy at the single molecule level. While wild-type and mutant HTT did not differ in their PAR binding ability, purified wild-type HTT protein increased in vitro PARP1 activity while mutant HTT did not. These results provide insight into an early molecular mechanism of HD, suggesting possible targets for the design of early preventive therapies.

Real-life Data on First- and Second-Line Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With Abiraterone, Enzalutamide and Cabazitaxel - A multicentric Study From Portugal.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: New drugs for metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were approved, first in the pos-docetaxel and then in the pre-docetaxel setting. We aim to assess the real daily practice benefit of abiraterone (Abi), enzalutamide (Enz) and cabazitaxel (Cab) in patients with mCRPC, compare it with RCT results and compare Abi vs Enz. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected the data of all consecutive mCRPC patients treated with Abi, Enz or Cab in the six major oncological hospitals in the north of Portugal until December 2020. RESULTS: A total of 470 treatments pre-docetaxel (163 Abi and 307 Enz) and 373 pos-docetaxel (160 Abi, 148 Enz and 59 Cab) were included, with median follow-up time of 35 months. Mean age was 73.1, 84.4% had ECOG status < 2, ISUP grade was ≥ 4 in 59% and 28.0% had oligometastatic disease. In first line, for Abi and for Enz respectively, the proportion of patients with PSA reduction > 50% was 64.4% and 80.4% (P < .001), the mean duration of treatment (DT) was 10 and 14 months (P = .037) and the median overall survival (OS) was 25 months and 30 months (P = .17). In second line the results for Abi, Enz and Cab were respectively: proportion of patients with PSA reduction > 50% was 40.4%, 57.4% and 24.6% (p for Abi vs Enz=0.004); DT was 7, 8, and 3 months (p for Abi vs Enz = 0.27); OS was 17, 22 and 10 months (p for Abi vs. Enz = 0,07). CONCLUSION: These drugs have good efficacy in real-world evidence, similar to those reported in randomized clinical trials, with the expected exception of lower OS due to the inclusion of a broader sample of patients. Our results add to the evidence that Enz might have better efficacy in this setting compared with Abi.

Effects of combined training in individual with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE: This study aims to evaluate the literature, peer-reviewed clinical trials investigating the effects of combined exercise interventions on individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various databases, using various descriptors and Boolean operators were utilized. RESULTS: Eight studies meet the eligibility criteria. Regarding the anthropometric measures/body composition variable, the meta-analysis revealed that combined physical exercise did not have a significant effect (standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.34 to 0.03; Z = 1.68; p = 0.09). For the lipid profile variable, the combined exercise interventions did not show a significant effect (SMD = -0.07; 95% CI, -0.43 to 0.29; Z = 0.38; p = 0.71). Combined exercise training had a significant effect on increasing functional capacity (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.54; Z = 2.03; p = 0.04), cardiorespiratory function (SMD = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.34 to 1.26; Z = 3.41; p ≤ 0.001), and strength (SMD = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.08; Z = 4.78; p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Participants from the intervention group that took part in combined exercise training showed a higher probability of improving their functional, cardiorespiratory, and strength capacity compared to the control group.

This study synthesises the literature, peer-reviewed clinical trials investigating the effects of combined exercise interventions on individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.Participants who performed combined physical exercise were more likely to improve their functional, cardiorespiratory and strength capacity compared to the control group.Professionals (e.g., rehabilitation technician, exercise technician) responsible for planning interventions for people with IDD should consider the results of this study when planning their interventions, particularly regarding the prescription of physical exercise, as well as monitoring training and several important variables that can be enhanced by regular physical exercise.Organisations that provide support to people with IDD (support or social solidarity institutions) should also consider the results of this study, to provide the necessary conditions (materials, spaces or human resources) so that professionals could plan this type of intervention in the most appropriate and adapted way possible for the individual.

Physical Fitness of the Older Adult Community Living in Leiria, Portugal.

This study aimed to achieve two primary objectives. Firstly, to compare physical fitness levels based on sex, age groups, and body composition. Secondly, to examine physical fitness of the older adults against criterion-referenced fitness standard values using a representative sample from the district of Leiria in Portugal, a region undergoing exponential population growth, including a rise in the elderly population. Data from cross-sectional assessments of the Portuguese older adult community living in the Municipality of Leiria from 2014 to 2022 were collected. This study comprised a sample of 664 community-dwelling older adults (female = 480; male = 184) aged between 60 and 90 years (M = 70.34; SD = 12.67). Participants had a body mass ranging from 45 kg to 122 kg (M = 71.48; SD = 12.34) and a height ranging from 1.30 m to 1.89 m (M = 1.59; SD = 0.08). The Senior Fitness Test battery was used to evaluate parameters of physical fitness, body mass index was calculated, and abdominal circumference was measured. Females displayed a tendency to greater physical fitness compared to males, specifically in terms of lower and upper body flexibility compared to older male adults (p < 0.05). In addition, sexagenarian and older adults with normal weight tended to display greater physical fitness compared to septuagenarian and octogenarian, and overweight adults and those with obesity (p < 0.05), respectively. Information concerning physical fitness is crucial for guiding policymakers and other stakeholders in Leiria for the promotion of healthy aging among the older adult community. Furthermore, this study has established the preliminary reference standards for physical fitness, serving as a tool to promote healthy aging among Portuguese older adults residing in Leiria.

Effect of a 12-Week Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength Measures of Institutionalized Older Adults-A Pilot Study.

Institutionalized older adults are characterized by high levels of dependence and low levels of physical activity compared to those living in the community. This combination of factors leads to an increased risk of loss of muscle mass. Sarcopenia can be countered through strength training. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a strength training program on the physical fitness of institutionalized older adults. This study included a sample of 31 institutionalized older adults (20 females, 11 males) aged between 65 and 96 years (M = 81.64, SD = 8.67). Participants reported an average institutionalization duration of 2.43 years (SD = 2.20), ranging from half a year to ten years. A 12-week strength training program was implemented, with sessions held twice a week. Strength fitness was assessed through the following parameters: handgrip strength, upper limb muscular endurance, lower limb muscular endurance, agility and balance, body mass index, and waist circumference. The results demonstrated that a 12-week strength training program improved physical fitness in terms of lower limb muscular endurance, upper limb muscular endurance, agility, and dynamic balance (p < 0.05).

Adaptive laboratory evolution in a novel parallel shaken pH-auxostat.

Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is a widely used microbial strain development and optimization method. ALE experiments, to select for faster-growing strains, are commonly performed as serial batch cultivations in shake flasks, serum bottles, or microtiter plates or as continuous cultivations in bioreactors on a laboratory scale. To combine the advantages of higher throughput in parallel shaken cultures with continuous fermentations for conducting ALE experiments, a new Continuous parallel shaken pH-auxostat (CPA) was developed. The CPA consists of six autonomous parallel shaken cylindrical reactors, equipped with real-time pH control of the culture medium. The noninvasive pH measurement and control are realized by biocompatible pH sensor spots and a programmable pump module, to adjust the dilution rate of fresh medium for each reactor separately. Two different strains of the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea polymorpha were used as microbial model systems for parallel chemostat and pH-auxostat cultivations. During cultivation, the medium is acidified by the microbial activity of the yeast. For pH-auxostat cultivations, the growth-dependent acidification triggers the addition of fresh feed medium into the reactors, leading to a pH increase and thereby to the control of the pH to a predetermined set value. By controlling the pH to a predetermined set value, the dilution rate of the continuous cultivation is adjusted to values close to the washout point, in the range of the maximum specific growth rate of the yeast. The pH control was optimized by conducting a step-response experiment and obtaining tuned PI controller parameters by the Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR) PID tuning method. Two pH-auxostat cultivations were performed with two different O. polymorpha strains at high dilution rates for up to 18 days. As a result, up to 4.8-fold faster-growing strains were selected. The increased specific maximum growth rates of the selected strains were confirmed in subsequent batch cultivations.

Physical Activity, Anxiety, Depression, and Body Image in Trans Individuals: An Exploratory Study.

Physical activity (PA), mental health, and body image are some important health topics in the transgender population that have been recently discussed and appear to play a crucial role in the quality of life of the trans population. This study aims to elucidate the complex interplay of these variables and their implications for the well-being of trans individuals. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 75 Portuguese transgender individuals (M = 23.68; SD ± 6.59) were recruited to participate in this study. The participants completed three questionnaires related to the assessment of physical activity (IPAQ), depressive and anxious symptomatology (HADS), and satisfaction with body image (BISQp). RESULTS: Trans individuals showed a total energy expenditure of 3316.40 metabolic equivalent tasks (METS), had a moderate level of anxiety symptomatology, and low levels of satisfaction with body image. Satisfaction with body image was negatively associated with anxiety (r = -0.441, p < 0.01) and depression symptomatology (r = -0.600, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of inclusive programs that promote body acceptance and coping strategies, particularly within the context of physical exercise, may help alleviate distress related to body image dissatisfaction while also addressing underlying anxiety and depression symptoms.

Corrigendum: Enjoyment as a predictor of exercise habit, intention to continue exercising, and exercise frequency: the intensity traits discrepancy moderation role.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780059.].

Gender Differences in Anthropometric, Functional Capacity Measures and Quality of Life in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

The aim of the of the current investigation was to investigate the possible differences concerning males and females in anthropometry, body composition, functional capacity, strength and quality of life variables. After obtaining signed informed consent, 37 participants (18 males; 19 females), with mean age of 39.08 and standard deviation of 11.66 years, voluntarily participated in this study. Anthropometry, body composition, functional capacity, strength, and quality of life were assessed using validated and reliable instruments and tests for this population. The males and females were compared using a Mann-Whitney U signed rank test. Significant differences were detected among the following variables, height (p = 0.028), body mass index (p = 0.033), fat mass (p = 0.002), muscle mass (p ≤ 0.001), phase angle (p = 0.005), medicine ball throwing strength (p = 0.010), and peak toque left knee (p = 0.028), with males showing better results in all the variables. The sample in this study showed differences in the anthropometric, composition, and strength variables. Studying this population can help ensure that everyone has equal access to services and adequate support for their personal needs, improving their quality of life.

Initial Validation of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire in a Sample of Portuguese Athletes.

Our primary objectives in this study were to translate and provide psychometric support for the Coach Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) Portuguese version, assess its invariance across sex, and explore its nomological validity in relation to enjoyment. Our sample participants were 470 athletes (226 females, 244 males) aged between 16 to 39 years from various individual and team sports. We found that the translated Portuguese version of the CART-Q exhibited satisfactory test-retest reliability and can serve as a reliable tool for evaluating the core constructs of the coach-athlete relationship - closeness, commitment, and complementarity. Moreover, this instrument showed evidence of nomological validity through significant positive correlations between its underlying factors and athletes' enjoyment with their sport. The proposed model for explaining item variance was also found to be invariant between male and female respondents. We recommend further use of this instrument in research and practical applications.

High Charge Density in Peptide Dendrimers is Required to Destabilize Membranes: Insights into Endosome Evasion.

Peptide dendrimers are a type of branched, symmetric, and topologically well-defined molecule that have already been used as delivery systems for nucleic acid transfection. Several of the most promising sequences showed high efficiency in many key steps of transfection, namely, binding siRNA, entering cells, and evading the endosome. However, small changes to the peptide dendrimers, such as in the hydrophobic core, the amino acid chirality, or the total available charges, led to significantly different experimental results with unclear mechanistic insights. In this work, we built a computational model of several of those peptide dendrimers (MH18, MH13, and MH47) and some of their variants to study the molecular details of the structure and function of these molecules. We performed CpHMD simulations in the aqueous phase and in interaction with a lipid bilayer to assess how conformation and protonation are affected by pH in different environments. We found that while the different peptide dendrimer sequences lead to no substantial structural differences in the aqueous phase, the total charge and, more importantly, the total charge density are key for the capacity of the dendrimer to interact and destabilize the membrane. These dendrimers become highly charged when the pH changes from 7.5 to 4.5, and the presence of a high charge density, which is decreased for MH47 that has four fewer titratable lysines, is essential to trigger membrane destabilization. These findings are in excellent agreement with the experimental data and help us to understand the high efficiency of some dendrimers and why the dendrimer MH47 is unable to complete the transfection process. This evidence provides further understanding of the mode of action of these peptide dendrimers and will be pivotal for the future design of new sequences with improved transfection capabilities.

Exploring the relationship across autonomous motivation, affects, and anxiety among gym practitioners during the second COVID-19 lockdown.

The present study explores the association of autonomous motivation and the relationship of positive and negative affect on anxiety levels among individuals engaged in gym practitioners during the second COVID-19 lockdown. A total of 196 exercisers (29.17 ± 10.77) were enrolled in the present study, of which 112 (57.1%) were women and 84 (42.9%) were men. The survey included sociodemographic data, as well as validated instruments measuring autonomous motivation, positive and negative affect, and anxiety states related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed a positive association between autonomous motivation and positive affect (ß = 0.36, CI 0.12, 0.37; p < 0.001), and a negative association between autonomous motivation and negative affect (ß = - 0.17, CI - 0.31, - 0.01; p = 0.03). Moreover positive, and negative affect are negatively (ß = - 0.33, CI - 0.43, - 0.24; p < 0.001) and positively (ß = 0.72, CI 0.57, 0.82; p < 0.001) associated to anxiety, respectively. Thus, this study appears to emphasize the association of autonomous motivation on affect as a potential buffer against anxiety levels, particularly in a context where practitioners found themselves restricted in their usual gym practices.

Analysis of the Effect of Different Physical Exercise Protocols on Depression in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

CONTEXT: Physical exercise (PE) is an effective treatment for depression, alone or as an adjunct. OBJECTIVE: There is a lack of indicators regarding the frequency, intensity, duration, and type of physical exercise (PE). This study aims to synthesize and analyze the dose-effect of different PE protocols in adult subjects in the treatment of depression, based on the analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DATA SOURCES: The search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library electronic databases. STUDY SELECTION: Studies with an exercise-based intervention published by December 31, 2021 were identified. RCTs and meta-analyses involving adults with depression were also included; 10 studies were selected, including a total of 956 subjects. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 1. RESULTS: Effect sizes were summarized using standardized mean differences (95% confidence interval) by effected randomized models. The results reinforce that exercise appears to be beneficial in improving depression among adults aged 18 to 65 years. Interventions lasting above 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity and group interventions seem to have a more significant effect on reducing depression. Studies have revealed that aerobic exercise, compared with resistance or flexibility, has a more positive effect on depression. CONCLUSION: PE can be a way to reduce depression and can be used as a possible adjunctive tool for pharmacological and/or alternative treatments. Considering the findings of this study, it is important that health professionals (eg, exercise physiologists, physicians, nurses, psychologists) promote the practice of PE as a complementary alternative and act early to prevent the worsening of depression. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020188909.

Exploring the Dynamics of Athletes' Enjoyment and Self-Determined Motivation, and of the Motivational Climate in Youth Football: A Longitudinal Perspective.

We aimed to explore a short period longitudinal interplay between athletes' enjoyment and their self-determined motivation and motivational climate in youth football. We recruited 109 youth football athletes (79 males, 30 females) through a convenient sampling method. We included individuals within the 12-17-year-old age range, with a mean age of 14.31 (SD = 1.46) years. To examine these proposed associations, we performed hierarchical multiple regression analyses and found that enjoyment at pre-season assessment (T1) and self-determined motivation and a task-involving sport climate at mid-season (T2) were significant predictors of mid-season enjoyment (at T2). However, self-determined motivation and task-involving climate at T1 did not significantly contribute to the model. These findings emphasize the importance of initial enjoyment and an evolved self-determined motivation, and task-involving climate in understanding later enjoyment in sport. Coaches, practitioners, and policymakers should prioritize strategies that enhance intrinsic motivation, provide opportunities for autonomy, and cultivate a supportive and growth-oriented environment.

O exercício físico e a vitalidade: análise multigrupos em função do sexoe experiência da prática / Ejercicio físico y vitalidad: análisis multigrupo según sexo y experiencia de práctica / Physical exercise and vitality: multigroup analysis according to sex and practice experience

La percepción subjetiva de vitalidad es un indicador de bienestar que se puede traducir en una mejor calidad de vida. Un instrumento válido y fiable permitirá a los investigadores medir con precisión la vitalidad en el contexto del ejercicio físico.. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la validez y fiabilidad de la Subjetive Vitality Scale (SVS) en una muestra portuguesa de practicantes de ejercicio físico según sexo y experiencia de práctica. Los datos se recolectaron de una muestra de un total de 330 adultos (mujeres = 145; hombres = 185). Los participantes tenían entre 18 y 64 años (M = 28.52; DT = 9.86), con una experiencia de ejercicio promedio de 8.14 meses (DT = 6.14), y con una frecuencia semanal de entre 1 y 7 veces (M = 4.42; DT = 1.35). Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio del modelo de medición de seis ítems de la escala y un análisis de invariancia en función del género y la experiencia práctica. También se analizaron los resultados de las correlaciones bivariadas con el fin de evaluar la validez nomológica del instrumento con diversión y con la intención de continuar en la práctica. El modelo de medición SVS demostró un ajuste aceptable en cada una de las muestras y los coeficientes de fiabilidad compuesta fueron adecuados. Las correlaciones indicaron que mayores niveles de vitalidad se asociaron con mayores niveles de diversión e intención de continuar practicando ejercicio físico en el futuro. El modelo de medida demostró ser invariante entre muestras, lo que aporta un mayor sustento a su validez para evaluar la percepción subjetiva de vitalidad en el contexto del ejercicio físico. La SVS parece ser así un instrumento fiable para evaluar la vitalidad, en ambos sexos, así como en personas con diferentes experiencias de práctica. (AU)

The subjective perception of vitality is an indicator of well-being that can translate into improved quality of life. A valid and reliable instrument will allow researchers to accurately measure vitality in the context of exercise. Thus, the objective ofthe present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS) in a Portuguese sample of physical exercise practitioners according to gender and practice experience. Data were collected from a sample of a total of 330 adults (women = 145; men = 185). Participants were aged between 18 and 64 years (M = 28.52; SD = 9.86), with a mean exercise experience of 8.14 months (SD = 6.14), and with a weekly frequency of between 1–7 times (M = 4.42; SD = 1.35). A confirmatory factor analysis of the scale's six-item measurement model and an analysis of invariance as a function of gender and practice experience were performed. The results of bivariate correlations were also analyzed toassess the nomological validity of the instrument with enjoyment and with the intention of continuing in practice. The SVS measurement model demonstrated an acceptable fit in each of the samples and the composite reliability coefficients were adequate. Correlations indicated that higher levels of vitality were associated with higher levels of enjoyment and intention to continue to practice physical exercise in the future. The measurement model proved to be invariant between samples, thus adding greater support to its validity to assess the subjective perception of vitality in the context of physical exercise. The SVS thus seems to be a reliable instrument for assessing vitality, in both sexes, as well as in people with different practice experiences. (AU)

A perceção de vitalidade subjetiva é um indicador de bem-estar que se pode traduzir na melhoria da qualidade de vida. Um instrumento válido e fiável irá permitir aos investigadores uma medição precisa da vitalidade no contexto de exercício físico. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em avaliar a validade e a fiabilidade da Subjetive Vitality Scale (SVS) numa amostra portuguesa de praticantes de exercício físico em função do sexo e da experiência da prática. Foram recolhidos dados de uma amostra com um total de 330 adultos (mulheres = 145; homens = 185). Os participantes tinham idades compreendidas entre 18–64 anos (M = 28.52; DP = 9.86), com experiência média de exercício de 8.14 meses (DP = 6.14), e com uma frequênciasemanal entre 1–7 vezes (M = 4.42; DP = 1.35). Realizou-se uma análise fatorial confirmatória do modelo de medida de seis itens da escala e uma análise de invariância em função do sexo e experiência da prática. Foram, também, analisados os resultados de correlações bivariadas com o objetivo de avaliar a validade concorrente do instrumento com o divertimento e com a intenção de continuar na prática. O modelo de medida da SVS demonstrou um ajustamento aceitável em cada uma das amostras e os coeficientes de fiabilidade compósita foram adequados. As correlações indicaram que maiores níveis de vitalidade estavam associados a maiores níveis de divertimento e intenção de continuar a praticar exercício físico no futuro. O modelo de medida revelou ser invariante entreamostras, acrescentando, por isso, um maior suporte à sua validade para avaliar a perceção subjetiva de vitalidade em contexto do exercício físico. A SVS parece, assim, ser um instrumento fiável para a avaliação da vitalidade, em ambos os sexos, bem como em pessoas com diferentes experiências de prática. (AU)

A pilot study on fear and risk of fall: The impact of an 8-month multicomponent exercise program in community-dwelling aged adults / Un estudio piloto sobre el miedo y el riesgo de caída: el impacto de un programa de ejercicios de componentes múltiples de 8 meses en adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad / Um estudo piloto sobre medo e risco de queda: o impacto de um programa de exercício multicomponente de 8 meses em adultos idosos residentes na comunidade

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el impacto del efecto de un programa de ejercicio de componentes múltiples de 8 meses en adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad. Utilizamos una estrategia inclusiva para examinar la viabilidad de un programa de ejercicio de tres veces por semana. Tener más de 60 años, la capacidad de pararse y caminar con o sin equipo de asistencia, ser físicamente inactivo, autorización médica y vivir en la comunidad fueron todos los criterios de elegibilidad. Se utilizaron la prueba Timed-up and Go y la Berg Balance Scale para examinar el riesgo de caídas. Se utilizó la Fall-Efficacy Scale International para examinar el miedo a las caídas. El programa de ejercicio basado en la comunidad involucró a treinta y cinco participantes, la edad promedio fue de 67.54 años (SD = 3.81) y el 71% eran mujeres. Las tasas de asistencia variaron de 76% a 100% en promedio. Hubo una tendencia significativa hacia una mejora clínicamente importante en el timed-up and go test (t = 4.66; p < .001; d = 0.20), escala de equilibrio de Berg (t = -11.20; p < .001; d = 1.47) y escala internacional de eficacia contra caídas (t = 5.81; p < .001; d = 0.88). Este estudio ha proporcionado evidencia preliminar de que un programa de ejercicio de bajo costo basado en la comunidad de 8 meses puede ser efectivo para mejorar la agilidad, el equilibrio y disminuir el miedo a caerse en las personas mayores. (AU)

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of an 8-month multicomponent exercise program in community-dwelling older adults. A comprehensive approach was employed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a thrice-weekly exercise intervention. Aged over 60 years, the capacity to stand and walk with or without assistive equipment, being physically inactive, medical clearance, and living in the community were all eligibility criteria. The Timed-up and Go test and Berg Balance Scale were used to examine risk of falling. The Fall-Efficacy Scale International was used to examine the fear of falling. The community-based exercise program involved thirty-five participants, the average age was 67.54 years (SD = 3.81) and 71% were female. At-tendance rates ranged from 76% to 100% on average. There was a significant trend toward a clinically important improvement in the timed-up and go test (t = 4.66; p < .001; d = 0.20), berg balance scale (t = -11.20; p < .001; d = 1.47) and fall-efficacy scale international (t = 5.81; p < .001; d = 0.88). This study has provided preliminary evidence that an 8-month community-based low-cost exercise program may be effective in improving agility, balance, and decreasing fear of falling in older people. (AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo examinar o impacto do efeito de um programa de exercício multicomponente de 8 meses em idosos residentes na comunidade. Usamos uma estratégia inclusiva para examinar a viabilidade de um programa de exercícios três vezes por semana. Idade acima de 60 anos, capacidade de ficar em pé e andar com ou sem equipamento auxiliar, ser inativo fisicamente, ter autorização médica e morar na comunidade foram todos os critériosde elegibilidade. O teste Timed-up and Go e a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg foram usados para examinar o risco de queda. A Fall-Efficacy Scale International foi utilizada para examinar o medo de cair. O programa de exercícios comunitários envolveu trinta e cinco participantes, a idade média foi de 67,54 anos (DP = 3.81) e 71% eram do sexo feminino. As taxas de adesão variaram de 76% a 100%, em média. Houve uma tendência significativa para uma melhora clinicamente importante no timed-up and go test (t = 4.66;p < .001; d = 0.20), escala de equilíbrio de Berg (t = -11.20; p < .001; d = 1.47) e escala de eficácia de queda internacional (t = 5.81; p < 0.001; d = 0.88). Este estudo forneceu evidências preliminares de que um programa de exercícios de baixo custobaseado na comunidade de 8 meses pode ser eficaz para melhorar a agilidade, o equilíbrio e diminuir o medo de cair em idosos. (AU)

Assessing affective valence and activation in resistance training with the feeling scale and the felt arousal scale: A systematic review.

Evidence suggests affective responses to exercise can influence exercise adherence. However, there is a limited understanding of how and when to measure core affect in resistance training. As such, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze how the Feeling Scale and/or the Felt Arousal Scale have been used in resistance training to assess core affect. Focus was given to the contextual feasibility, timing, and frequency of assessment. A search in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases was conducted (last search date July, 2022) with the purpose of including experimental and non-experimental studies, utilizing the Feeling Scale and/or the Felt Arousal Scale in resistance training, and focused on apparently healthy individuals of any age. Twenty-seven studies (N = 718 participants) published between 2009-2022 were qualitatively analyzed. Both scales appeared to be able to detect core affect within a wide array of intensities, ages, and equipment. As for the timing and frequency of measurement, no apparent standardization was evident. The use of the Feeling Scale, the Felt Arousal Scale, or both, to measure core affect appears to be feasible in resistance training practices. However, a lack of methodological background raises concerns regarding the quality of previous studies' assessments and comparisons of results across studies.

Affective responses to stretching exercises: Exploring the timing of assessments.

Affective responses during exercise have been identified as a predictor of exercise adherence. However, research has been mostly limited to aerobic and resistance exercise. Considering that stretching activities are also an important component of physical fitness, this quasi-experimental study was designed to: 1) compare affective responses during and immediately after stretching exercises in apparently healthy adults, and 2) assess the consistency and repeatability of affect ratings obtained one week apart. For this purpose, we analyzed the Feeling Scale (FS) and Felt Arousal Scale (FAS) ratings using Time (during and after stretching) x Intensity (light, moderate, vigorous) x Stretched Muscle Group (quadriceps, hamstrings, glutes, latissimus dorsi, triceps) with repeated measures analysis of variance (ANCOVA) in 34 participants (21 males; aged 32.8 ± 8.6 years). The repeatability of FS and FAS ratings was assessed using two-way random-effects models, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. FS scores were higher following the stretching exercises, whereas FAS scores were lower, particularly in the vigorous intensity. In general, the inter-day repeatability for FS and FAS measurements was good across muscle groups. ICC tended to be higher at vigorous intensities. Ratings of core affect can be collected during static passive stretches using the FAS and FAS in ecologically valid settings. These results suggest that an adequate assessment of core affective responses to stretching activities should be performed during the exercises.