Diversity of Anal HPV and Non-HPV Sexually Transmitted Infections and Concordance with Genital Infections in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women in the Tapajós Region, Amazon, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to classify the diversity of anal HPV and non-HPV sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and compare the concordance between anal and genital infections in HIV-infected and uninfected women living in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed with 112 HIV-uninfected and 41 HIV-infected nonindigenous women. Anal and cervical scrapings were collected and analyzed for HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrheae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), and Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HSV-2). The Kappa test evaluated the concordance between anal and genital infections. The overall prevalence of anal HPV infection was 31.3% in HIV-uninfected and 97.6% in HIV-infected women. The most frequent anal high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types were HPV18 and HPV16 in HIV-uninfected women and HPV51, HPV59, HPV31, and HPV58 in HIV-infected women. Anal HPV75 Betapapillomavirus was also identified. Anal non-HPV STIs were identified in 13.0% of all participants. The concordance analysis was fair for CT, MG, and HSV-2, almost perfect agreement for NG, moderate for HPV, and variable for the most frequent anal hrHPV types. Thus, a high prevalence of anal HPV infection with moderate and fair concordance between anal and genital HPV and non-HPV STIs was observed in our study.

Age-Specific Prevalence of Anal and Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and High-Grade Lesions in 11 177 Women by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status: A Collaborative Pooled Analysis of 26 Studies.

BACKGROUND: Age-specific data on anal, and corresponding cervical, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are needed to inform female anal cancer prevention. METHODS: We centrally reanalyzed individual-level data from 26 studies reporting HPV prevalence in paired anal and cervical samples by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and age. For women with HIV (WWH) with anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+), we also investigated concurrent cervical cytopathology. RESULTS: In HIV-negative women, HPV16 prevalence decreased significantly with age, both at anus (4.3% at 15-24 years to 1.0% at ≥55 years; ptrend = 0.0026) and cervix (7.4% to 1.7%; ptrend < 0.0001). In WWH, HPV16 prevalence decreased with age at cervix (18.3% to 7.2%; ptrend = 0.0035) but not anus (11.5% to 13.9%; ptrend = 0.5412). Given anal HPV16 positivity, concurrent cervical HPV16 positivity also decreased with age, both in HIV-negative women (ptrend = 0.0005) and WWH (ptrend = 0.0166). Among 48 WWH with HPV16-positive anal HSIL+, 27 (56%) were cervical high-risk HPV-positive, including 8 with cervical HPV16, and 5 were cervical HSIL+. CONCLUSIONS: Age-specific shifts in HPV16 prevalence from cervix to anus suggest that HPV infections in the anus persist longer, or occur later in life, than in the cervix, particularly in WWH. This is an important consideration when assessing the utility of cervical screening results to stratify anal cancer risk.

Genetic mapping of the Andean anthracnose resistance gene present in the common bean cultivar BRSMG Realce.

The rajado seeded Andean bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar BRSMG Realce (striped seed coat) developed by Embrapa expressed a high level of anthracnose resistance, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, in field and greenhouse screenings. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the inheritance of anthracnose resistance in BRSMG Realce, map the resistance locus or major gene cluster previously named as Co-Realce, identify resistance-related positional genes, and analyze potential markers linked to the resistance allele. F2 plants derived from the cross BRSMG Realce × BRS FC104 (Mesoamerican) and from the cross BRSMG Realce × BRS Notável (Mesoamerican) were inoculated with the C. lindemuthianum races 475 and 81, respectively. The BRSMG Realce × BRS FC104 F2 population was also genotyped using the DArTseq technology. Crosses between BRSMG Realce and BAT 93 (Mesoamerican) were also conducted and resulting F2 plants were inoculated with the C. lindemuthianum races 65 and 1609, individually. The results shown that anthracnose resistance in BRSMG Realce is controlled by a single locus with complete dominance. A genetic map including 1,118 SNP markers was built and shown 78% of the markers mapped at a distances less than 5.0 cM, with a total genetic length of 4,473.4 cM. A major locus (Co-Realce) explaining 54.6% of the phenotypic variation of symptoms caused by the race 475 was identified in Pv04, flanked by the markers snp1327 and snp12782 and 4.48 cM apart each other. These SNPs are useful for marker-assisted selection, due to an estimated selection efficiency of 99.2%. The identified resistance allele segregates independently of the resistance allele Co-33 (Pv04) present in BAT 93. The mapped genomic region with 704,867 bp comprising 63 putative genes, 44 of which were related to the pathogen-host interaction. Based on all these results and evidence, anthracnose resistance in BRSMG Realce should be considered as monogenic, useful for breeding purpose. It is proposed that locus Co-Realce is unique and be provisionally designated as CoPv04R until be officially nominated in accordance with the rules established by the Bean Improvement Cooperative Genetics Committee.

Is Methylprednisolone Acetate-Related Insulin Resistance Preventable in Cats?

Methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) is often prescribed to cats despite being recognized eventually as diabetogenic. To assess MPA-related insulin resistance and evaluate the efficacy of metformin or an obesity and diabetes mellitus (O&D) adjuvant diet as protective factors, a randomized clinical trial was conducted with 28 owned cats undergoing glucocorticoid therapy. A single MPA dose of 20 mg intramuscularly was administered to each cat. Controls (n = 10) received only MPA. In the diet group (n = 9), replacement of their habitual diet by ad-libitum feeding of a feline commercial O&D diet (Equilíbrio O&D, Total Alimentos ADM) was made. In the metformin group (n = 9), metformin chlorhydrate 25mg/cat PO/q24h was administered for 30 days. All patients were clinically evaluated at baseline (T0), day 15 (T15), and day 30 (T30) and blood draw for complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and determination of insulin concentrations. Fasting Insulin Sensitivity Index (SI), Amended Insulin to Glucose Ratio (AIGR), Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and Homeostatic Model Assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) were calculated based on fasting glycemia and insulinemia. All groups showed significantly higher levels (P < .05) of neutrophils, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and serum insulin at T15. Patients in the metformin group showed also higher SI, AIGR, and HOMA-IR results at T15. Also, at T15, reduced levels (P < .05) of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and creatinine were documented in all groups. An MPA single dose induced changes in insulin sensitivity in cats; however, neither metformin nor O&D feeding used in this study was effective as protective factors against MPA-related insulin resistance.

COVID-PA Bulletin: reports on artificial intelligence-based forecasting in coping with COVID-19 pandemic in the state of Pará, Brazil. / Boletim COVID-PA: relatos sobre projeções baseadas em inteligência artificial no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 no estado do Pará.

OBJECTIVE: To report the university extension research result entitled 'The COVID-PA Bulletin', which presented forecasts on the behavior of the pandemic in the state of Pará, Brazil. METHODS: The artificial intelligence technique also known as 'artificial neural networks' was used to generate 13 bulletins with short-term forecasts based on historical data from the State Department of Public Health information system. RESULTS: After eight months of predictions, the technique generated reliable results, with an average accuracy of 97% (observed for147 days) for confirmed cases, 96% (observed for 161 days) for deaths and 86% (observed for 72 days) for Intensive Care Unit bed occupancy. CONCLUSION: These bulletins have become a useful decision-making tool for public managers, assisting in the reallocation of hospital resources and optimization of COVID-19 control strategies in various regions of the state of Pará.

Cuidado multiprofissional em saúde de crianças e adolescentes com diabetes: estudo da literatura / Multiprofessional caution in health of children andteenagers with diabetes: literature study

Objetivo: descrever o cuidado multiprofissional em saúde para as crianças e adolescentes com Diabetes Mellitus. Método: revisão integrativa, de caráter descritivo e qualitativo. Realizado na Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Google acadêmico, com a coleta de dados em junho de 2021. Mediante critérios de inclusão e exclusão e cruzamento dos descritores, foram selecionadas 8 publicações sobre o tema. Os resultados foram expostos em dois quadros. Resultados e discussões: Prevaleceram artigos dos anos de 2020 sobre o tema. A maioria das revistas publicadas são da área da enfermagem. Educar em saúde, torna-se essencial no acompanhamento e manutenção da diabetes. O adoecimento das crianças e adolescentes com DM, repercute em toda a família. Conclusão: A abordagem multiprofissional é extremamente importante, por cuidar da criança/adolescente, mas de todos os envolvidos, orientando as intervenções e potencializando o cuidado no domicílio.(AU)

Objective: to describe the multidisciplinary health care for children and adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus. Method: integrative review, descriptive and qualitative. Carried out at: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and academic Google, with data collection in June 2021. Through inclusion and exclusion criteria and crossing of descriptors, 8 publications on the subject were selected. The results were displayed in two tables. Results and discussions: Articles from the 2020s on the subject prevailed. Most journals published are in the field of nursing. Health education becomes essential in monitoring and maintaining diabetes. The illness of children and adolescents with DM affects the whole family. Conclusion: The multidisciplinary approach is extremely important, as it takes care of the child/adolescent, but of all those involved, guiding interventions and enhancing home care.(AU)

Objetivo: describir la atención de salud multidisciplinaria para niños y adolescentes con Diabetes Mellitus. Método: revisión integradora, descriptiva y cualitativa. Realizado en: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) y Google académico, con recolección de datos en junio de 2021. Mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión y cruce de descriptores, se seleccionaron 8 publicaciones sobre el tema. Los resultados se muestran en dos tablas. Resultados y discusiones: prevalecieron los artículos de la década de 2020 sobre el tema. La mayoría de las revistas publicadas pertenecen al campo de la enfermería. La educación sanitaria se vuelve fundamental para controlar y mantener la diabetes. La enfermedad de los niños y adolescentes con DM afecta a toda la familia. Conclusión: El abordaje multidisciplinario es de suma importancia, ya que se ocupa del niño / adolescente, pero de todos los involucrados, orientando las intervenciones y potenciando la atención domiciliaria.(AU)

Boletim COVID-PA: Reports on artificial intelligence-based forecasting to the facing of pandemic COVID-19 in the state of Pará, Brazil / Boletín COVID-PA: Informes de proyecciones basadas en inteligencia artificial para enfrentar la pandemia COVID-19 en el estado de Pará, Brasil / Boletim COVID-PA: relatos sobre projeções baseadas em inteligência artificial no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 no estado do Pará

Objective: Report the university research and extension product denominated 'Boletim COVID-PA' which presented projections about the pandemic in the State of Pará, Brazil, with practical, mathematically rigorous and computationally efficient approaches. Methods: The artificial intelligence technique known as Artificial Neural Networks was used to generate thirteen bulletins with short-term projections based on historical data from the State Department of Public Health system. Results: After eight months of projections, the technique generated reliable results with an average accuracy of 97% (147 days observed) for confirmed cases, 96% (161 observed days) for deaths and 86% (72 days observed) for occupancy of intensive care unit beds. Conclusion: These bulletins have become a useful tool for decision making by public managers, assisting in reallocating hospital resources and optimizing COVID-19 control strategies for the various regions of the State of Pará.

Objetivo: Relatar o produto de pesquisa e extensão universitária denominado Boletim COVID-PA, que apresentou projeções sobre o comportamento da pandemia no estado do Pará, Brasil. Métodos: Utilizou-se da técnica de inteligência artificial conhecida como 'redes neurais artificiais', para gerar 13 boletins com projeções de curto prazo baseadas nos dados históricos do sistema da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde Pública. Resultados: Após oito meses de projeções, a técnica gerou resultados confiáveis, com precisão média de 97% (147 dias observados) para casos confirmados, 96% (161 dias observados) para óbitos e 86% (72 dias observados) para ocupação de leitos de unidade de terapia intensiva. Conclusão: Esses boletins tornaram-se um instrumento útil para a tomada de decisão de gestores públicos, auxiliando na realocação de recursos hospitalares e otimização das estratégias de controle da COVID-19 nas diversas regiões do estado do Pará.

Prevalence of High Risk HPV in HIV-Infected Women From Belém, Pará, Amazon Region of Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the genotype diversity of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. From April 2010 to December 2012 cervical specimens were collected from 169 HIV-infected women who screening for cervical cancer at Reference Unit in Belém. The detection of HPV infection was performed by nested PCR and HPV type was performed using a commercial system. The prevalence of HPV infection was 63.3%. Of the 47 genotyped samples, 40.4% was found positive for high risk-HPV 16 and 12.8% for high risk-HPV 52. HPV infection was predominant in the group of women with no incidence of cytological abnormalities and more prevalent in women of reproductive age, unmarried, low education level, and who reported use condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed an association between HPV infection and independent variables, such as condom use, multiple sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted diseases. High-risk types of HPV infection were prevalent in our study. Infection with multiple high-risk HPV genotypes may potentiate the development of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women.

Stress-induced differential gene expression in cardiac tissue.

The stress response is adaptive and aims to guarantee survival. However, the persistence of a stressor can culminate in pathology. Catecholamines released as part of the stress response over activate beta adrenoceptors (ß-AR) in the heart. Whether and how stress affects the expression of components of the intracellular environment in the heart is still, however, unknown. This paper used microarray to analyze the gene expression in the left ventricle wall of rats submitted to foot shock stress, treated or not treated with the selective ß2-AR antagonist ICI118,551 (ICI), compared to those of non-stressed rats also treated or not with ICI, respectively. The main findings were that stress induces changes in gene expression in the heart and that ß2-AR plays a role in this process. The vast majority of genes disregulated by stress were exclusive for only one of the comparisons, indicating that, in the same stressful situation, the profile of gene expression in the heart is substantially different when the ß2-AR is active or when it is blocked. Stress induced alterations in the expression of such a large number of genes seems to be part of stress-induced adaptive mechanism.

Artificial neural networks for short-term forecasting of cases, deaths, and hospital beds occupancy in the COVID-19 pandemic at the Brazilian Amazon.

The first case of the novel coronavirus in Brazil was notified on February 26, 2020. After 21 days, the first case was reported in the second largest State of the Brazilian Amazon. The State of Pará presented difficulties in combating the pandemic, ranging from underreporting and a low number of tests to a large territorial distance between cities with installed hospital capacity. Due to these factors, mathematical data-driven short-term forecasting models can be a promising initiative to assist government officials in more agile and reliable actions. This study presents an approach based on artificial neural networks for the daily and cumulative forecasts of cases and deaths caused by COVID-19, and the forecast of demand for hospital beds. Six scenarios with different periods were used to identify the quality of the generated forecasting and the period in which they start to deteriorate. Results indicated that the computational model adapted capably to the training period and was able to make consistent short-term forecasts, especially for the cumulative variables and for demand hospital beds.

Boletim COVID-PA: relatos sobre projeções baseadas em inteligência artificial no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 no estado do Pará / Boletín COVID-PA: informes de proyecciones basadas en inteligencia artificial para enfrentar la pandemia COVID-19 en el estado de Pará, Brasil / COVID-PA Bulletin: reports on artificial intelligence-based forecasting in coping with COVID-19 pandemic in the state of Pará, Brazil

Objetivo: Relatar o produto de pesquisa e extensão universitária denominado Boletim COVID-PA, que apresentou projeções sobre o comportamento da pandemia no estado do Pará, Brasil. Métodos: Utilizou-se da técnica de inteligência artificial conhecida como 'redes neurais artificiais', para geração de 13 boletins com projeções de curto prazo baseadas nos dados históricos do sistema da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde Pública. Resultados: Após oito meses de projeções, a técnica gerou resultados confiáveis, com precisão média de 97% (147 dias observados) para casos confirmados, 96% (161 dias observados) para óbitos e 86% (72 dias observados) para ocupação de leitos de unidade de terapia intensiva. Conclusão: Esses boletins tornaram-se um instrumento útil para a tomada de decisão de gestores públicos, auxiliando na realocação de recursos hospitalares e otimização das estratégias de controle da COVID-19 nas diversas regiões do estado do Pará.

Objetivo: Reporte el resultado de la investigación y extensión universitaria denominada 'Boletim COVID-PA' que presentó proyecciones sobre el comportamiento de la pandemia en el estado de Pará, con un enfoque práctico y computacionalmente eficiente. Métodos: Fue utilizada una técnica de inteligencia artificial denominadas Redes Neurales para generar trece boletines con proyecciones basado en datos históricos del sistema de la Secretaría de Salud Pública. Resultados: Después de ocho meses de previsiones, la técnica genero resultados confiables con una precisión promedio de 97% (147 días observados) para casos confirmados, 96% (161 días observados) para los fallecimientos y 86% (72 días observados) para la ocupación de camas en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión: Estos boletines se convirtieron en una herramienta para la toma de decisiones, auxiliando en la redistribución de recursos en los hospitales en el estado de Pará.

Objective: To report the university extension research result entitled 'The COVID-PA Bulletin', which presented forecasts on the behavior of the pandemic in the state of Pará, Brazil. Methods: The artificial intelligence technique also known as 'artificial neural networks' was used to generate 13 bulletins with short-term forecasts based on historical data from the State Department of Public Health information system. Results: After eight months of predictions, the technique generated reliable results, with an average accuracy of 97% (observed for147 days) for confirmed cases, 96% (observed for 161 days) for deaths and 86% (observed for 72 days) for Intensive Care Unit bed occupancy. Conclusion: These bulletins have become a useful decision-making tool for public managers, assisting in the reallocation of hospital resources and optimization of COVID-19 control strategies in various regions of the state of Pará.

Idosos vivendo com HIV/aids: a percepção de usuários e profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Elderly people living with HIV/aids: the perception of users and professionals of Primary Health Care

Considerando a rápida transição demográfica e epidemiológica que se tem vivenciado no Brasil e, sendo a Atenção Primária a porta de entrada preferencial aos serviços de saúde, esta pesquisa possui como objetivo geral avaliar, o cuidado de pessoas idosas vivendo com HIV/Aids no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Estudo qualitativo, com abordagem metodológica do tipo estudo de caso, desenvolvido nas seguintes etapas: conhecimento do cuidado às pessoas idosas vivendo com HIV/Aids a partir da percepção dos enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde; identificação dos desafios para o cuidado a estas pessoas na percepção dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde; percepção de pessoas idosas que vivem com HIV/Aids sobre o seu tratamento; análise sobre a influência da acessibilidade geográfica dos serviços públicos de saúde no tratamento das pessoas idosas vivendo com HIV/Aids. A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Itaboraí, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio da entrevista semiestruturada com os profissionais no mês de novembro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020 e a entrevista com os idosos que vivem com HIV/Aids, devido à pandemia COVID-19, foi realizada entre o mês de setembro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021. Ao conhecer o cuidado a partir da percepção dos enfermeiros emergiram as seguintes unidades de análise: 1- O cuidado integral visto essencialmente como acolhimento; 2- Para os enfermeiros a participação da equipe multiprofissional e a capacitação profissional conferem garantias do cuidado; 3- O cuidado integral é caracterizado pelos atributos essenciais da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Na identificação dos desafios para o cuidado aos idosos vivendo com HIV/Aids na percepção dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde o corpus foi desenvolvido com o discurso dos 56 profissionais (24 médicos e 32 enfermeiros) e na descrição do tratamento na percepção dos idosos que vivem com HIV/Aids, o corpus foi constituído com textos oriundos dos discursos de 15 usuários. Os dados foram organizados e processados com auxílio do software Iramuteq, analisados por meio da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, análise de similitude e nuvem de palavras. Emergiram 10 classes nos discursos dos profissionais e 6 classes nos discursos dos usuários. O georreferenciamento foi realizado através do Google Earth e Google Maps. A percepção dos enfermeiros sobre o cuidado ainda é voltada para a dimensão técnica, sendo os aspectos biopsicossociais menoconsiderados como parte do trabalho junto à população. Na percepção dos profissionais da Atenção Primária o cuidado a essas pessoas apresenta como principais desafios o sigilo, estigma da doença, vínculo, manutenção de equipe multidisciplinar para apoio, educação permanente dos profissionais, acesso e a integralidade da assistência. Foi identificado que a distância entre a residência do idoso e o Serviço de Atenção Especializada chega a ser 30 vezes superior que a distância entre o usuário e a Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde. A necessidade de fortalecer serviços de Atenção Primária foi notária, tendo em vista que, como ordenadora da Rede de Atenção à Saúde, seu papel não ficou bem delineado, com grande fragilidade na integralidade da assistência e na própria resolubilidade da APS. Apesar do modelo de atenção fragmentado, longe do ideal recomendado pelas literaturas, os idosos sentem-se satisfeitos com o tratamento recebido para o HIV/aids, referindo vínculo e humanização no cuidado à sua saúde, independentemente da acessibilidade geográfica dos serviços de saúde.

Considering the rapid demographic and epidemiological transition that has been experienced in Brazil and, since Primary Care is the preferred gateway to health services, this research has the general objective of evaluating the care of elderly people living with HIV/AIDS within the scope of Primary Health Care. Qualitative study, with a case study methodological approach, developed in the following stages: knowledge of care for elderly people living with HIV/AIDS from the perception of nurses in Primary Health Care; identification of challenges for the care of these people in the perception of Primary Health Care professionals; perception of elderly people living with HIV/AIDS about their treatment; analysis of the influence of geographic accessibility of public health services in the treatment of elderly people living with HIV/AIDS. The research was carried out in the municipality of Itaboraí, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection was carried out through a semi-structured interview with professionals from November 2019 to January 2020 and the interview with the elderly living with HIV/AIDS, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, was carried out between the month of September 2020 to February 2021. When knowing care from the nurses' perception, the following units of analysis emerged: 1- Comprehensive care seen essentially as embracement; 2- For nurses, the participation of the multidisciplinary team and professional training provide guarantees of care; 3- Comprehensive care is characterized by the essential attributes of Primary Health Care. In identifying the challenges for the care of elderly people living with HIV/AIDS in the perception of Primary Health Care professionals, the corpus was developed with the speech of 56 professionals (24 doctors and 32 nurses) and in the description of the treatment in the perception of the elderly living with HIV/AIDS, the corpus was constituted with texts from the speeches of 15 users. Data were organized and processed using the Iramuteq software, analyzed using Descending Hierarchical Classification, similarity analysis and word cloud. 10 classes emerged in the professionals' discourses and 6 classes in the users' discourses. Georeferencing was performed using Google Earth and Google Maps. Nurses' perception of care is still focused on the technical dimension, with biopsychosocial aspects being less considered as part of working with the population. In the perception of Primary Care professionals, care for these people presents as main challenges confidentiality, stigma of the disease, bonding, maintenance of a multidisciplinary team for support, permanent education of professionals, access and comprehensive care. It was identified that the distance between the elderly person's residence and the Specialized Care Service is up to 30 times greater than the distance between the user and the Primary Health Care Unit. The need to strengthen Primary Care services was evident, taking into account given that, as coordinator of the Health Care Network, her role was not well defined, with great fragility in the integrality of care and in the very solvability of Primary Health Care. Despite the fragmented care model, far from the ideal recommended by the literature, the elderly feel satisfied with the treatment received for HIV/AIDS, referring to bonding and humanization in their health care, regardless of the geographic accessibility of health services.

Glyphosate-based herbicide impairs energy metabolism and increases autophagy in C6 astroglioma cell line.

Several investigators demonstrated that glyphosate formulations produce neurotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, alterations in glutamatergic system, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms following exposure to this herbicide on astrocytes are unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the activity of enzymes related to energy metabolism, in addition to oxidative stress parameters, mitochondrial mass, nuclear area, and autophagy in astrocytes treated with a glyphosate-based herbicide. Our results showed that 24 h exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide decreased (1) cell viability, (2) activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes and creatine kinase (CK), (3) mitochondrial mass, and (4) nuclear area in rat astroglioma cell line (C6 cells). However, non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels were increased but catalase activity was not changed in cells exposed to the herbicide at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Low glyphosate concentrations elevated content of cells positive to autophagy-related proteins. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) labeling were not markedly altered in cells exposed to glyphosate at the same concentrations that an increase in NPSH levels and positive cells to autophagy were found. It is conceivable that mitochondria and CK may be glyphosate-based herbicides targets. Further, autophagy induction and NPSH increase may be mechanisms initiated to avoid oxidative stress and cell death. However, more studies are needed to clarify the role of autophagy in astrocytes exposed to the herbicide and which components of the formulation might be triggering the effects observed here.

Sexually transmitted infections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil: Self-collected vs. clinician-collected samples.

The anogenital prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the use of cervico-vaginal self-collected vs. clinician-collected samples were evaluated for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. We recruited 153 women for a cross-sectional study (112 HIV-uninfected and 41 HIV-infected) who sought health services. Anal and cervical scrapings and cervico-vaginal self-collection samples were collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction methods were used for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium. A syphilis test was also performed. Risk factors for STIs were identified by multivariate analysis. The overall prevalence of STIs was 30.4% (34/112) in HIV-uninfected women and 24.4% (10/41) in HIV-infected women. Anogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection was the most prevalent in both groups of women (20.5% vs 19.5%). There was significant agreement for each STI between self-collected and clinician-collected samples: 91.7%, kappa 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-0.85 for Chlamydia trachomatis; 99.2%, kappa 0.85, 95% CI 0.57-1.00 for Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 97.7%, kappa 0.39, 95% CI -0.16-0.94 for Trichomonas vaginalis; and 94.7%, kappa 0.51, 95% CI 0.20-0.82 for Mycoplasma genitalium. Women with human papillomavirus had coinfection or multiple infections with other STIs. Risk factors for STIs were being ≤ 25 years old, being employed or a student, reporting a history of STI and having a positive HPV test. A high prevalence of STIs in women in the Tapajós region was found. Cervico-vaginal self-collection is a useful tool for STI screening and can be used in prevention control programs in low-resource settings, such as in northern Brazil.

Compliance with standard precautions by nursing professionals in high complexity care / Cumplimento de las precauciones estándar por profesionales de enfermería en la atención de alta complejidad / Cumprimento às precauções-padrão por profissionais de enfermagem no atendimento de alta complexidade

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the compliance with Standard Precautions by nursing professionals from high complexity units. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out in a Brazilian public hospital between January and March 2017. Data collection was performed through the application of an instrument with demographic and professional variables and the Brazilian version of Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS-PB). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with IBM SPSS® software. Results: A total of 148 professionals participated. The rate of compliance with SP was 65.0%. There was a statistically significant difference only in relation to the professional category (p<0.001). Conclusion and implications for practice: Compliance with SP by nursing professionals was lower than expected and there was association of compliance with SP mean scores only for professional category. These results may contribute to direct strategies to encourage adherence to SP, improving the safety of professionals and patients.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimento de Precauciones Estándar (PE) por profesionales de enfermería en la atención de alta complejidad. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo,transversal, realizado en un hospital público brasileño, entre enero y marzo de 2017. Colección de datos por medio de un instrumento, con variables demográficas y profesionales y la versión brasileña del Compliancewith Standard PrecautionsScale(CSPS-PB). Datos analizados a través de estadística descriptiva e inferencial en software IBM SPSS®. Resultados: Participaran 148 profesionales. Tasa de cumplimento de PE de 65,0%. Hay una diferencia estadística significativa en relación con la categoría profesional (p<0,001). Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica: El cumplimiento de las normas por profesionales estuvo abajo del esperado y hubo asociación de los escores medios de cumplimiento a las PE apenas para una categoría profesional. Los resultados pueden ser útiles para direccionar estrategias de incentivo a las PE, mejorando la seguridad de profesionales y pacientes.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o cumprimento às Precauções-Padrão (PP) por profissionais de enfermagem de unidades de alta complexidade. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado em um hospital público brasileiro, entre janeiro e março de 2017. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um instrumento, com variáveis demográficas e profissionais e a versão brasileira da Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS-PB). Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial no software IBM SPSS®. Resultados: Participaram 148 profissionais de enfermagem. A taxa de cumprimento às PP foi de 65,0%. Houve diferença estatística significativa apenas com relação à categoria profissional (p<0,001). Conclusão e implicações para a prática: O cumprimento às PP pelos profissionais de enfermagem foi abaixo do esperado e houve associação dos escores médios de cumprimento às PP apenas para a categoria profissional. Esses resultados podem contribuir para direcionar estratégias de incentivo a adesão às PP, melhorando, assim, a segurança dos profissionais e do paciente.

A influência de um programa de reabilitação pulmonar na descontinuidade da matriz extracelular, no estado de saúde e na resposta ao exercício em pacientes com DPOC / The influence of a pulmonary rehabilitation program in oxidative stress, in health status and response to exercise in patients with COPD

A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) altera a ventilação pulmonar com redução da capacidade de extração de oxigênio, com consequente declínio da tolerância ao exercício físico e qualidade de vida. O objetivo do estudo é comparar os efeitos da reabilitação pulmonar com exercício físico aeróbico no estado de saúde, na tolerância ao exercício e na descontinuidade da matriz extracelular.Estudo experimental, de caráter quantitativo, com amostragem de 18 indivíduos com DPOC moderado a grave. Todos foram submetidos a 3 etapas do estudo, constituindo-se de três avaliações antes do programa, após dez semanas de reabilitação pulmonar, e após vinte semanas, onde foram realizadas: Avaliação geral; Análise do estresse oxidativo (EOx); Aplicação do questionário de vias aéreas 20 (AQ20); Teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, tendo como acompanhamento a escala de Borg modificada. Na análise estatística foi utilizado o teste de D´Agostino para análise de normalidade das variáveis, o Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test para os valores do AQ20, após a constatação de normalidade aplicamos o Teste T para amostras pareadas ou o Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test (distribuição normal e não paramétrica respectivamente) e Teste Kruskall-wallis, destinado a comparar proporções de mesma variável mensurada no EOx. A significância estatística p<0,05 foi adotada. O AQ20 revelou não significância quando aplicado no pré (10±1,5) e pós-reabilitação pulmonar pelo período de 10 (10±1,2) e 20 semanas (8±2). O TC6 não apresentou significância quando comparado pré (410±30m) e pós 10 (415±45m) e 20 semanas (450±40m) o programa de reabilitação. Após a constatação de normalidade, foi obtida significância nos parâmetros do Eox, com p=valor < 0,0001. Pode-se concluir que o protocolo de reabilitação pulmonar com exercício físico reduziu a descontinuidade da matriz extracelular, demonstrando menor estresse oxidativo, sem influencia no estado de saúde e tolerância ao exercício...(AU)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) alters pulmonary ventilation with reduced oxygen extraction capacity, with a consequent decline in tolerance to physical exercise and quality of life. The objective of the study is to compare the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation with aerobic physical exercise on health status, exercise tolerance and extracellular matrix discontinuity. Experimental study, with quantitative character, with sampling of 18 individuals with moderate to severe COPD. All were submitted 3 stages of the study, constituting three evaluations before the program, after ten weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation, and after twenty weeks, where they were performed: Overall evaluation; Analysis of oxidative stress (EOx); Application of the airway questionnaire 20 (AQ20); A 6-minute walk test, followed by the modified Borg scale. In the statistical analysis, the D'Agostino test was used to analyze the variables normality, the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test for the AQ20 values, after the normality test we applied the T-Test for paired samples or the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test and non-parametric, respectively) and Kruskall-wallis test, to compare proportions of the same variable measured in the EOx. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. The AQ20 revealed no significance when applied in the pre (10 ± 1,5) and post pulmonary rehabilitation for the period of 10 (10 ± 1.2) and 20 weeks (8 ± 2). The 6MWT did not present significance when compared to the rehabilitation program (410 ± 30m) and post 10 (415 ± 45m) and 20 weeks (450 ± 40m). After the normality was verified, the significance was obtained in the Eox parameters, with p = value <0.0001. It can be concluded that the pulmonary rehabilitation protocol with physical exercise reduced the discontinuity of the extracellular matrix, demonstrating lower oxidative stress...(AU)

Cervico-vaginal self-collection in HIV-infected and uninfected women from Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil: High acceptability, hrHPV diversity and risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated acceptability of cervico-vaginal self-collection (CVSC) and prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected women living in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study recruited 153 non-indigenous women (HIV-uninfected, n = 112 and HIV-infected, n = 41) who voluntarily sought assistance in health services. Peripheral blood for HIV screening and cervical scraping (CS) for HPV detection were collected. Women who accepted to perform CVSC received instructions and individual collection kits. Risk factors for high-risk HPV genotypes (hrHPV) were identified by uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The overall acceptability of CVSC was 87%. Only HIV-infected women had cytological abnormalities (12.2%). Prevalence of any HPV and hrHPV infection was 42.9% and 47.9% for HIV-uninfected and 97.6% and 77.5% for HIV-infected women, respectively. There was significant agreement in the detection of HPV (88%, 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.87) and hrHPV (79.7%, 0.56, 95% CI, 0.41-0.71) between self-collected and clinician-collected samples. The most prevalent hrHPV types were HPV16 and HPV18 in HIV-uninfected and HPV16, HPV51 and HPV59 in HIV-infected women. HIV-infected women with hrHPV infection had multiple hrHPV infections (p = 0.005) and lower CD4 count (p = 0.018). Risk factors for hrHPV infection included being HIV-infected and having five or more sexual partners. CONCLUSIONS: CVSC had high acceptability and high prevalence of hrHPV types in women living in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil.

Efeito agudo da drenagem linfática manual sobre a natriurese e lipólise de mulheres jovens / Acute effect of manual lymphatic drainage on natriuresis and lipolysis in young women

Fundamentos: A importância da validação científica de técnicas coadjuvantes a diversos tratamentos de saúde é inquestionável. Desta forma, a influência da drenagem linfática manual (DLM) na natriurese e na lipólise sob interação de anticoncepcional oral precisa ser investigada. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito agudo da DLM sobre a natriurese e lipólise de mulheres jovens usuárias ou não de anticoncepcional oral. Método: Participaram 29 mulheres não usuárias de anticoncepcional oral e 29 usuárias, autodeclaradas saudáveis, sedentárias e eutróficas. As análises foram realizadas em dois dias distintos, Controle (C), sem intervenção terapêutica e DLM. Nos dias C e DLM coletamos 4 amostras de urina com intervalos de 60 min. Seguimos o método de Leduc, abdomem e membros inferiores, durante 45 min. Analisamos o fluxo urinário e excreção urinária e sódio, glicerol e peptideo natriurético atrial. A normalidade dos dados foi analisada pelo teste Shapiro-Wilk. Os dados que não obedeceram à normalidade foram apresentados em mediana e intervalo interquartil (25%-75%), enquanto os que obedeceram foram apresentados em média ± erro padrão. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi usado para dados não pareados e Wilcoxon para dados pareados. Dados com normalidade foram avaliados pelo teste t-Student não pareado. O nível de significância estatística adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: O efeito agudo de uma sessão de DLM promove aumento da natriurese em mulheres não usuárias de anticoncepcional oral, por outro lado, em usuárias induz aumento na liberação de glicerol e de ANP

Background: The importance of scientific validation of supporting techniques to various treatments is unquestionable. In this context, the influence of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on natriuresis and lipolysis and its interaction with oral contraceptives still need to be investigated. Objectives: To evaluate the acute effect of MLD on natriuresis and lipolysis in young women using or not oral contraceptives. Methods: Twenty-nine non-users of oral contraceptives and 29 oral contraceptive users, self-reported healthy, sedentary, normal weight women were enrolled. Analyses were conducted on two different days ­ control (C), without therapeutic intervention and MLD day. Four urine samples were collected at 60-minute intervals. MLD was performed in lower limbs and abdomen for 45 min following the Leduc method. Urinary flow rat e and urinary sodium, glycerol and atrial natriuretic peptide excretion were analyzed. Data normality was tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data without normal distribution were expressed as median and interquartile range (25%-75%), while normally distributed data were expressed as mean ± standard error. Mann-Whitney test was used for unpaired data and Wilcoxon test for paired data. Data with normal distribution were evaluated by the unpaired t-Student test. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: One MLD session had an acute effect on both groups, increasing natriuresis in non-users of oral contraceptives and glycerol and atrial natriuretic peptide excretion in oral contraceptive users. Conclusion: Oral contraceptives influence the effect of MLD on natriuresis