Development and validation of a questionnaire for assessing the determinants that predict household recycling (ReDom Questionnaire).

The growing tendency towards 'urbanization' is promoting an increase in resource consumption and waste generation, which requires proper waste separation management with active participation of the population. To this end, it is essential to know the personal modifiable factors that predict recycling. The primary aim of the present study is to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish language questionnaire designed to measure determinants of household waste separation for recycling purposes (ReDom Questionnaire). A cross-cultural adaptation, translation and psychometric evaluation was undertaken of an extant questionnaire originally developed in Swedish, and the resultant Spanish questionnaire was then subjected to reliability and validity testing. The questionnaire was developed using survey data from 759 respondents and 33 participants performed the retest to assess reliability. The resultant 'ReDom Questionnaire' is composed of three factors that draw on relevant elements of the COM-B framework: motivation (seven items), physical opportunity (three items) and social opportunity (three items). The accuracy of the scores is adequate both in terms of internal consistency (factorial weights >0.60; comparative fit index = 0.994; root mean square error of approximation = 0.049; root mean square residual (RMSR) = 0.053) and reliability (Pearson correlation >0.65; Cronbach's alpha >0.75). In conclusion, the Spanish ReDom Questionnaire showed adequate psychometric properties and appears useful for assessing the determinants of household waste separation.

The "Breast-4Y" web app for breast cancer prevention at young age: Development, evaluation, and validation.

Background: Improving knowledge of risk factors, signs and symptoms positively influence an individual's intention to acquire healthy lifestyle behaviors to prevent breast cancer, to identify breast cancer risk early and seek health advice early. The aim of the present study was to develop and to assess the usability and quality of a web-app (Breast-4Y) designed specifically for younger women to improve their knowledge about breast cancer risk factors and symptoms as well as protective behaviors to reduce their risk. Methods: The development of the Breast-4Y web-app, based on Health Belief Model and the Behaviour Change Wheel, comprised four steps: i) analysis of scientific literature regarding breast cancer risk factors, symptoms and preventive lifestyle behaviors; ii) design of web-app; iii) content review by experts; iv) quality and usability assessment by the end-users (n = 20). Web-app usability was evaluated using the Spanish version of the System Usability Scale for the Assessment of Electronic Tools and the quality using the Spanish version of uMARS. Results: The contents were rated 4.25 or above, indicating high content quality. The mean usability score was 84.9 (SD 12.4), the mean rating for objective quality and subjective quality dimensions mean were 4.2 (SD 0.4) and 3.4 (0.777) respectively, indicating excellent usability and quality. Positive associations (p < .05) were observed between numbers of app used and attitudes to change (r = 0.479), and intention to change (r = 0.539). Strong positive associations (p < .001) were also observed between usability satisfaction and attitudes to change (r = 0.584), intention to change (r = 0.656), and help-seeking (r = 0.656). Conclusions: This study provided evidence that Breast-4Y has adequate contents, high quality, and usability. Breast-4Y can be tested in pragmatic trials to assess their effectiveness to reduce the risk of breast cancer, raise women's awareness of breast cancer risk factors, increase women's knowledge of breast cancer symptoms, and adopt protective lifestyle behaviors.

Exploring the stabilizing effect on the i-motif of neighboring structural motifs and drugs.

Cytosine-rich DNA sequences may fold into a structure known as i-motif, with potential in vivo modulation of gene expression. The stability of the i-motif is residual at neutral pH values. To increase it, the addition of neighboring moieties, such as Watson-Crick stabilized loops, tetrads, or non-canonical base pairs have been proposed. Taking a recently described i-motif structure as a model, the relative effect of these structural moieties, as well as several DNA ligands, on the stabilization of the i-motif has been studied. To this end, not only the original sequence but different mutants were considered. Spectroscopic techniques, PAGE, and multivariate data analysis methods have been used to model the folding/unfolding equilibria induced by changes of pH, temperature, and the presence of ligands. The results have shown that the duplex is the moiety that is responsible of the stabilization of the i-motif structure at neutral pH. The T:T base pair, on the contrary, shows little stabilization of the i-motif. From several selected DNA-binding ligands, the G-quadruplex ligand BA41 is shown to interact with the duplex moiety, whereas non-specific interaction and little stabilization has been observed within the i-motif.

Nutritional content and quality of processed foods and beverages advertised near schools in three cities in the north of Spain.

The advertisement of food and beverages on television and social media has been widely assessed, evidencing its powerful influence on children's dietary patterns and the development of childhood obesity. However, there is a gap in the evidence about advertisements near schools. The aim of this study was to describe and classify the nutritional quality and information of processed foods and alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages advertised near schools in three cities in the north of Spain. A descriptive analysis was performed from September to December 2021 in the cities of Oviedo, Gijón and Avilés in the Principality of Asturias (Spain). The nutritional quality and information of processed foods or beverages advertised within a 500 m radius of schools were assessed. The Nutri-Score system was used for the classification of the nutritional quality of products and nutritional information, calories, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates, sugars, protein and salt in 100 g or ml of each product was calculated. A total of 73.5% of the products were classified as "foods to eat less often and in small amounts," and 22.6% and 46.3% were classified as D or E, respectively, according to the Nutri-Score system. Finally, 57.5%, 56.4% and 78.5% of the products showed a medium to high content of fat, saturated fat and sugar, respectively. In conclusion, the food and drink advertisements surrounding schools in the assessed cities promote many products of low nutritional value, rich in fat, saturated fat and sugars, which have high obesogenic potential.

Evaluation of Water Intake in Spanish Adolescent Soccer Players during a Competition.

An optimal state of hydration is essential to maintaining health. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the water intake of adolescents aged 12 to 16 years and their hydration level during an official soccer match. Three hundred and six players participated in the study (N = 306). Their water intake was recorded and the level of hydration was evaluated using the density of urine as an indicator. Weight measurements were made before and after the match. Water intake control, urine collection and analysis, and the recording of minutes played were carried out after the match. The average weight loss was 746.2 g (SD: 474.07; p < 0.001), with 36.5% with less than 1% loss and 23.3% with more than 2% loss. The mean volume of water ingested was 229.35 ml (SD: 211.11) and a significant correlation was observed between minutes of activity (ρ-value = 0.206; p < 0.001), environmental humidity (ρ-value = - 0.281; p < 0.001), and temperature (ρ-value = 0.200; p < 0.001). The sweat rate was 0.69 l/h (SD: 0.56) and it was significantly associated with playing time (ρ-value = -0.276; p < 0.001). The mean urine density was 1.019 (SD: 0.007), with 64.9% of youth athletes showing dehydration (≥ 1.020). An association was observed between dehydration and activity time (U- value = 4.124; p < 0.001). Approximately 10% of the participants stated that they had not drunk any water during the match. In conclusion, it is necessary to establish individual hydration guidelines based on personal, environmental and activity-related factors, as well as establish a minimum volume of fluids to consume.

Los efectos de tejer en grupo sobre el bienestar psicológico. Una visión desde la salud pública / The effects of group knitting on the psychological well-being. A vision from public health

Objetivos:explorar la contribución al bienestar psicológico de tejer en grupo frente a tejer individualmente y profundizar en las causas que llevan a las personas a tejer en grupo.Método: Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Un comité experto diseñó un cuestionario ad hoc para este estudio.Resultados:El cuestionario lo respondieron 644 personas tejedoras. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de las variables de bienestar psicológico fueron significativamente mayores en las personas que, además de tejer solas, tejían en grupo, en comparación con las que solo tejían de manera individual. Las principales causas de tejer en grupo fueron la oportunidad de obtener ideas del grupo y de enseñar y aprender de las demás personas. Conclusiones: Respaldando los beneficios de la prescripción social, tejer en grupo parece ser una fuente adicional de bienestar psicológico. (AU)

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the contribution to psychological well-being of knitting in a group versus doing it alone. Likewise looking into the different reasons why people knit in a group.Method: It is a retrospective descriptive observational study. A questionnaire ad hoc was designed by a group of experts.Results: the questionnaire was answered by 644 knitters. The results showed that most of the psychological well-being variables were significantly higher in people who were knitting alone as well as they knitted in a group, compared to those who only knitted alone. The opportunity to share ideas as to teach and learn from others were been the main causes for group knitting.Conclusions: Supporting the benefits of social prescribing, group knitting seems to be additional sources of psychological well-being. (AU)

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of Breast Cancer and Lymphedema Symptom Experience Index.

BACKGROUND: Lymphedema is a common late and chronic adverse effect of breast cancer treatment. This study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the BCLE-SEI Spanish version with Spanish-speaking breast cancer patients. METHOD: 286 patients were recruited (2018 to 2020), from the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Data analysis included descriptive statistics; internal consistency and test-retest reliability; principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis; average variance extracted; and receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: No semantic modifications to items were needed. The scores of the instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach´s alpha = .95-.97; McDonald´s omega = .96-.98) and test-retest reliability (r = .78-.87, n = 29). A significant difference was observed between the lymphedema group and non-lymphedema group (p < .001) in terms of total scale, symptom occurrence (p < .001), symptom distress in the physical-functional (p < .001), and psychosocial dimension (p < .001). Principal component analysis for symptom occurrence revealed a unidimensional factor and two factors were identified for symptom distress via exploratory factor analysis, the two of which explained 45.71% and 54.77% of the total sample variance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided initial evidence to support the psychometric properties of the BCLE-SEI Spanish version.

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of Breast Cancer and Lymphedema Symptom Experience Index / Propiedades Psicométricas de la Versión Española del Breast Cancer andLymphedema Symptom Experience Index

Background: Lymphedema is a common late and chronic adverse effectof breast cancer treatment. This study aimed to translate and evaluate thepsychometric properties of the BCLE-SEI Spanish version with Spanish-speaking breast cancer patients. Method: 286 patients were recruited(2018 to 2020), from the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Dataanalysis included descriptive statistics; internal consistency and test-retestreliability; principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis;average variance extracted; and receiver operating characteristic curves.Results: No semantic modifications to items were needed. The scores ofthe instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’salpha = .95-.97; McDonald’s omega = .96-.98) and test-retest reliability(r = .78-.87, n = 29). A significant difference was observed between thelymphedema group and non-lymphedema group (p < .001) in terms of totalscale, symptom occurrence (p < .001), symptom distress in the physical-functional (p < .001), and psychosocial dimension (p < .001). Principalcomponent analysis for symptom occurrence revealed a unidimensionalfactor and two factors were identified for symptom distress via exploratoryfactor analysis, the two of which explained 45.71% and 54.77% of the totalsample variance, respectively. Conclusions: This study provided initialevidence to support the psychometric properties of the BCLE-SEI Spanishversion.

Antecedentes: el linfedemaes una complicación tras el cáncer de mama. El objetivo fue evaluar laspropiedades psicométricas de la versión española BCLE-SEI en mujeresdiagnosticadas de cáncer de mama que hablaban español. Método:participaron 286 pacientes (2018 a 2020) del Hospital UniversitarioCentral de Asturias. El análisis de datos incluyó estadísticos descriptivos;consistencia interna y fiabilidad test-retest, análisis de componentesprincipales y análisis factorial exploratorio; varianza media extraída;y curvas de características operativas del receptor. Resultados: no senecesitaron modificaciones semánticas en los ítems. El instrumentodemostró excelente consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0,95-0,97;omega de McDonald = .96-.98) y fiabilidad test-retest (r = 0,78-0,87; n =29). Se observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos linfedema y sinlinfedema (p < .001) en las escalas total, de síntomas (p < .001), físico-funcional (p < .001) y psicosocial (p < .001). El análisis de componentesprincipales para la “aparición de síntomas” reveló un factor unidimensionaly se identificaron dos factores para la “angustia por síntomas” a través delanálisis factorial exploratorio, explicando el 45,71% y el 54,77% de lavarianza total de la muestra, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la versiónespañola de BCLE-SEI mostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas.

Microperimetry and Optical Coherence Tomography Changes in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus without Retinopathy.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to measure and correlate inner retinal layer (IRL) thickness and macular sensitivity by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and by microperimetry, respectively, in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (DM1) without diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: Fifty-one DM1 patients and 81 age-matched healthy subjects underwent measurement of the axial length (AL), retinal thickness in the macular ETDRS areas by swept source (SS)-OCT and macular sensitivity by microperimeter. RESULTS: The total retinal and IRL thicknesses were thicker in the DM1 group (p < 0.05) in practically all ETDRS areas, and they had a generalized decrease in sensitivity (p < 0.05) in 9 areas between both groups. There was a significant negative correlation between retinal sensitivity and age in all areas and in visual acuity (VA) in 5 out of the 9 areas for DM1 patients. Only a mild negative correlation was observed between retinal sensitivity in the 5° nasal inner (5NI) area and in IRL thickness in the temporal inner (TI) area (-0.309 with p = 0.029) in the DM1 group. CONCLUSION: Aging and disease evolution in DM1 patients without DR signs generate a decrease in retinal sensitivity. There was a direct relationship between retinal sensitivity and macular thickness in the DM1 group.

Obstetric Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women.

Around two percent of asymptomatic women in labor test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Spain. Families and care providers face childbirth with uncertainty. We determined if SARS-CoV-2 infection at delivery among asymptomatic mothers had different obstetric outcomes compared to negative patients. This was a multicenter prospective study based on universal antenatal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 42 hospitals tested women admitted for delivery using polymerase chain reaction, from March to May 2020. We included positive mothers and a sample of negative mothers asymptomatic throughout the antenatal period, with 6-week postpartum follow-up. Association between SARS-CoV-2 and obstetric outcomes was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analyses. In total, 174 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies were compared with 430 asymptomatic negative pregnancies. No differences were observed between both groups in key maternal and neonatal outcomes at delivery and follow-up, with the exception of prelabor rupture of membranes at term (adjusted odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.13-3.11; p = 0.015). Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers have higher odds of prelabor rupture of membranes at term, without an increase in perinatal complications, compared to negative mothers. Pregnant women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at admission for delivery should be reassured by their healthcare workers in the absence of symptoms.

Polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride transobturator slings for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: 1-Year outcomes from a multicentre randomized trial.

AIMS: To compare the effectiveness and safety of polypropylene (PP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) transobturator tapes (TOT) for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: This is a multicentre randomized trial. Women with SUI or stress-predominant mixed urinary incontinence and scheduled for a TOT procedure were randomized to PP or PVDF slings. The primary outcome was 1-year cure or improvement rate using composite criteria. Complications were also compared. Relationships with outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regressions models. RESULTS: From April 2016 to January 2018 285 participants were randomized. PP and PVDF slings showed similar high cure or improvement rate (91.0% vs. 95.6%, p = .138). Improvement in validated questionnaires was also similar. PVDF slings were associated with a lower rate of de novo urgency incontinence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.35; 95% confidence interval = 0.15-0.80). We found no statistical differences in complications rates, although a higher incidence of long-term pain events were observed in the PP group. The study is underpowered to find differences in specific complications owing to the low number of events. CONCLUSION: PP and PVDF TOTs are equally effective, although PVDF is associated with fewer cases of de novo urgency incontinence. Further studies are needed to give robust conclusions on safety profiles.

Terapia asistida con perros, intervención complementaria al tratamiento de personas con demencia: estudio cuasi-experimental / Dog-assisted therapy, complementary intervention to the treatment of people with dementia: quasi-experimental study

OBJETIVOS: identificar la efectividad de la terapia asistida con perros en personas mayores con demencia institucionalizadas. MÉTODO: estudio cuasi-experimental en el que se implementó durante cuatro meses una terapia cognitiva asistida con perros junto a la intervención cognitiva convencional en un grupo de siete residentes. Se evaluó el estado de ánimo y la experiencia vivida durante la intervención. Análisis descriptivo de las variables principales y análisis inferencial mediante t-Student para ambas intervenciones. RESULTADOS: no se hallaron diferencias significativas inter-intervenciones respecto a experiencia de intervención, pero sí se encontró una diferencia casi significativa a corto plazo (p = 0.09). A largo plazo se observó mejoría en estados anímicos positivos y reducción en los negativos tras la implementación conjunta de ambas intervenciones. CONCLUSIONES: la terapia asistida con perros parece mejorar la experiencia vivida durante la intervención cognitiva en personas con demencia institucionalizadas y podría suponer un idóneo complemento de intervención para la mejora del estado de ánimo. Futuros ensayos clínicos, con un mayor número de participantes, serían necesarios para confirmar estas tendencias

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effectiveness of dog-assisted therapy with institutionalized older people with dementia. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study, which it was implemented an assisted cognitive therapy with dogs together with conventional cognitive intervention in a group of seven residents for three months. It was evaluated mood and experience during the intervention. Descriptive analysis of the main variables and inferential analysis using t-Student for both interventions. RESULTS: It was not found significant inter-intervention differences regarding the experience of the intervention, but it was found almost significant difference in short term (p = 0.09). In the long term, it was observed improvement in positive moods and reduction in negative ones after the joint implementation of both interventions. CONCLUSION: Dog-assisted therapy seems to improve the experience of cognitive intervention with institutionalized people with dementia and could be an ideal complement of intervention to improve mood. Future clinical trials, with a larger number of participants, would be necessary to confirm these trends

Rapid immunoglobulin test confirms a suspected case of COVID-19 / El test rápido de inmunoglobulinas confirma un caso sospechoso de COVID-19

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Los límites de la prevención del suicidio / The limits of suicide prevention

La prevención del suicidio es uno de los puntos principales y más controvertidos en las políticas de salud que se han desarrollado en la última década. Nuestro objetivo es revisar, desde una perspectiva crítica, las estrategias preventivas que se han propuesto y las limitaciones que aparecen en su diseño, implementación y efectividad, así como reflexionar sobre las consecuencias potencialmente iatrogénicas de estas intervenciones y recomendar otros abordajes más integradores de la cuestión

Suicide prevention is one of the main and most controversial points within health policies developed in the last decade. Our aim is to review, from a critical perspective, the available preventive strategies and the limitations we encounter in terms of design, implementation and effectiveness, as well as to reflect on the potentially iatrogenic consequences of these interventions and recommend other approaches, more integrative, to this question