Lung ultrasound protocol decreases radiation in newborn population without side effects: A quality improvement project / La implementación de un protocolo de ecografía pulmonar disminuye la radiación sin efectos secundarios: proyecto de mejora cualitativa

Objective To reduce radiation exposure in newborns admitted due respiratory distress based on the implementation of lung ultrasound (LUS). Design Quality improvement (QI), prospective, before-after, pilot study. Setting Third level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) level with 25-bed and 1800 deliveries/year. Patients Inclusion criteria were neonates admitted with respiratory distress. Interventions After a theoretical and practical LUS training a new protocol was approved and introduced to the unit were LUS was the first-line image. To study the effect of the intervention we compare two 6-month periods: group 1, with the previous chest X-ray (CXR)-protocol (CXR as the first diagnostic technique) vs. group 2, once LUS-protocol had been implemented. Main variables of interest The main QI measures were the total exposure to radiation. Secondary QI were to evaluate if the LUS protocol modified the clinical evolution as well as the frequency of complications. Results 122 patients were included. The number of CXR was inferior in group 2 (group 1: 2 CXR (IQR 1–3) vs. Group 2: 0 (IQR 0–1), p<0.001), as well as had lower median radiation per baby which received at least one CXR: 56 iGy (IQR 32–90) vs. 30 iGy (IQR 30–32), p<0.001. Respiratory support was similar in both groups, with lower duration of non-invasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen duration the second group (p<0.05). No differences regarding respiratory development complications, length of stay and mortality were found. Conclusions The introduction of LUS protocol in unit decreases the exposure radiation in infants without side effects (AU)

Objetivo Reducir la exposición a la radiación en neonatos ingresados por distrés respiratorio mediante implementación de la ecografía pulmonar (EP). Diseño Estudio piloto, prospectivo, anterior-posterior, mejoría de la calidad. Ámbito Unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal (UCIN) de tercer nivel con 25 camas y 1800 partos/anuales. Pacientes Criterio de inclusión neonatos con distrés respiratorio. Intervenciones Después de una formación teórico-práctica en EP un nuevo protocolo fue implementado y aprobado siendo la EP la primera técnica de imagen. Para estudiar el efecto de la intervención comparamos dos períodos de 6 meses: grupo 1, con el protocolo de radiografía de tórax (RTX) (RTX primera técnica diagnóstica) vs. grupo 2, una vez implementado el protocolo de EP. Variables de interés La principal variable de interés fue la exposición total a la radiación. Las secundarias fueron la evolución clínica y la frecuencia de complicaciones. Resultados Se incluyeron 122 pacientes. El número de RTX fue inferior en el grupo 2 (grupo 1: 2 RTX [RIQ 1-3] vs. grupo 2: 0 [RIQ 0-1], p<0,001), con una menor dosis de radiación media por cada paciente que recibió al menos una RTX: 56 iGy (RIQ 32-90) vs. 30 iGy (RIQ 30-32), p<0,001. El soporte respiratorio fue similar en ambos grupos, con menor duración de la ventilación no invasiva y oxigenoterapia en el segundo grupo (p< 0,05). No hubo diferencias en el desarrollo de complicaciones respiratorias, días de ingreso o mortalidad. Conclusiones La introducción de un protocolo de EP en una unidad disminuye la exposición a la radiación sin efectos secundarios (AU)

Lung ultrasound protocol decreases radiation in newborn population without side effects: A quality improvement project.

OBJECTIVE: To reduce radiation exposure in newborns admitted due respiratory distress based on the implementation of lung ultrasound (LUS). DESIGN: Quality improvement (QI), prospective, before-after, pilot study. SETTING: Third level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) level with 25-bed and 1800 deliveries/year. PATIENTS: Inclusion criteria were neonates admitted with respiratory distress. INTERVENTIONS: After a theoretical and practical LUS training a new protocol was approved and introduced to the unit were LUS was the first-line image. To study the effect of the intervention we compare two 6-month periods: group 1, with the previous chest X-ray (CXR)-protocol (CXR as the first diagnostic technique) vs. group 2, once LUS-protocol had been implemented. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: The main QI measures were the total exposure to radiation. Secondary QI were to evaluate if the LUS protocol modified the clinical evolution as well as the frequency of complications. RESULTS: 122 patients were included. The number of CXR was inferior in group 2 (group 1: 2 CXR (IQR 1-3) vs. Group 2: 0 (IQR 0-1), p<0.001), as well as had lower median radiation per baby which received at least one CXR: 56 iGy (IQR 32-90) vs. 30 iGy (IQR 30-32), p<0.001. Respiratory support was similar in both groups, with lower duration of non-invasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen duration the second group (p<0.05). No differences regarding respiratory development complications, length of stay and mortality were found. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of LUS protocol in unit decreases the exposure radiation in infants without side effects.

LUCAS (lung ultrasonography in cardiac surgery) score to monitor pulmonary edema after congenital cardiac surgery in children.

AIM: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) generates a systemic capillary leak syndrome with pulmonary edema. Lung ultrasound (LUS) could be useful to monitor it. Primary objective was to compare sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of chest X-ray and LUS to detect pulmonary edema using a new score (LUCAS). Secondary objectives were to evaluate correlation between LUCAS score and respiratory and inotropic support. METHODS: Prospective intervention study including patients <2 months admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit after CPB. LUS was performed with a lineal probe, screening 3 points in each lung (parasternal, anterolateral and posterior area), pre and post-CPB. Pulmonary edema was evaluated clinically, through LUCAS score and with X-ray. RESULTS: 17 patients were included. LUS achieved higher sensitivity than X-ray to detect pulmonary edema (91.7 versus 44.0%) and greater predictive negative value (88.2 versus 53.3%). There was correlation between higher LUCAS score prior to surgery and longer mechanical ventilation. High values of LUCAS score after surgery correlated with longer CPB time, inotropic support, and FiO2 need. CONCLUSION: LUS detected pulmonary edema better than chest X-ray, with greater sensitivity and negative predictive value. LUCAS score was useful to predict more inotropic support and longer mechanical ventilation.Key notesCardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery, generates a systemic capillary leak syndrome with pulmonary edema.In this prospective study performed in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, lung ultrasound detected pulmonary edema better than X-ray, with greater sensitivity and negative predictive value.LUCAS score was useful to predict more inotropic support and longer mechanical ventilation.

Delivery room ultrasound study to assess heart rate in newborns: DELIROUS study.

During neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room, heart rate guides clinical intervention, and although different methods have been evaluated as auscultation, pulse oximetry, and electrocardiography, they have various limitations. This was a prospective observational study which aim was to evaluate the accuracy and speed of ultrasound for measuring neonatal heart rate compared with stethoscope, pulse oximetry, and electrocardiography. Simultaneous determinations of heart rate using stethoscope, ultrasound, pulse oximetry, and electrocardiography were performed. Fifty term newborns were included. There were no differences according to the turn on time of the ultrasound, pulse oximetry, and electrocardiography (p = 0.666), but the placement time and the detection time from birth were shorter for ultrasound (p < 0.001). A stronger positive correlation was detected between ultrasound and electrocardiography at 90 (Rho = 0.926), and 120 s (Rho = 0.920) with p < 0.001. The Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of - 2.23 (p = 0.129) between ultrasound and electrocardiography at 90 s, and a bias of 0.44 (p = 0.092) at 120 s. Instead, the bias between auscultation and electrocardiography at 90 s was - 6.71 (p = 0.131), and at 120 s was of - 4.67 (p = 0.793).Conclusions: Ultrasound is a fast method to detect heart rate in the delivery room and has a good correlation with stethoscope and electrocardiography. What is Known: • During neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room, heart rate guides clinical intervention, and although different methods have been evaluated, they have various limitations. What is New: • Heart rate ultrasound is a good and fast method to detect HR in the delivery room with a good correlation with electrocardiography and stethoscope.

Ecografía torácica en el diagnóstico de la lesión pulmonar aguda producida por transfusión / Chest ultrasound for diagnosis of transfusion-related acute lung injury

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Refractory Cardiogenic Shock due to Enterovirus Myocarditis: Experience at one Institution / Shock cardiogenico refractario secundario a miocarditis por enterovirus: experiencia en una institución

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Ecografía torácica para guiar maniobras de reclutamiento pulmonar / Chest ultrasound for guiding lung recruitment maneuvers

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La ecografía pulmonar como herramienta para guiar la surfactación en neonatos prematuros / Lung ultrasound as a tool to guide the administration of surfactant in premature neonates

OBJETIVOS: El objetivo del presente estudio es la valoración mediante la ecografía pulmonar de la profundidad del tubo endotraqueal (TET) durante el procedimiento de Intubation-Surfactant-Extubation (INSURE). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La profundidad de inserción del TET se calculó mediante el peso del neonato (profundidad de inserción [cm] = peso [kg]+5,5). Después de la intubación, la profundidad del TET fue valorada por 2 neonatólogos independientes mediante la auscultación bilateral y la ecografía pulmonar. RESULTADOS: Doce neonatos con membrana hialina fueron reclutados. En 2 casos la ecografía pulmonar ayudó a posicionar correctamente el TET. Todos los pacientes presentaron una buena evolución con una radiografía y una ecografía pulmonar normal al alta. CONCLUSIONES: La ecografía pulmonar es una técnica segura y no invasiva útil en situaciones donde la radiografía de tórax no se usa habitualmente, siendo además rápida y libre de radiación

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of lung ultrasound (LUS) to estimate the endotracheal tube (ETT) depth position during the Intubation-Surfactant-Extubation (INSURE) procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The ETT insertion depth was estimated using the weight (insertion depth (cm)=weight (kg)+5.5). After intubation two independent neonatologists using bilateral auscultation or LUS checked the ETT depth. RESULTS: Twelve newborns with respiratory distress syndrome were included. In two cases LUS helped to correctly replace the ETT. All the patients progressed well, with normal x-ray and LUS before discharge. CONCLUSIONS: LUS appears to be a safe and non-invasive technique and is useful in clinical situations were x-ray is not routinely performed, as it is fast and radiation free

[Lung ultrasound as a tool to guide the administration of surfactant in premature neonates]. / La ecografía pulmonar como herramienta para guiar la surfactación en neonatos prematuros.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of lung ultrasound (LUS) to estimate the endotracheal tube (ETT) depth position during the Intubation-Surfactant-Extubation (INSURE) procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The ETT insertion depth was estimated using the weight (insertion depth (cm)=weight (kg)+5.5). After intubation two independent neonatologists using bilateral auscultation or LUS checked the ETT depth. RESULTS: Twelve newborns with respiratory distress syndrome were included. In two cases LUS helped to correctly replace the ETT. All the patients progressed well, with normal x-ray and LUS before discharge. CONCLUSIONS: LUS appears to be a safe and non-invasive technique and is useful in clinical situations were x-ray is not routinely performed, as it is fast and radiation free.

Una forma excepcional de combinación de retorno venoso pulmonar y sistémico en un caso de síndrome de heterotaxia / An exceptional combination of pulmonary and systemic venous return in a case of heterotaxia syndrome

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