A Case of Urethral Atresia: Emphasizing the Role of Parental Engagement.

Congenital urethral atresia is generally considered to be incompatible with life unless there is either a patent urachus or vesicoamniotic shunt. Here we present the case of a male neonate with anhydramnios detected at 28weeks gestation due to urethral atresia, who was born without evidence of either a patent urachus or vesicoamniotic shunt, who has survived and is not requiring respiratory support at age 5months. While this is a thought-provoking clinical case, it also highlights the importance of early and effective parental engagement in cases of complex congenital anomalies of the urinary tract.

Sulfamethoxazole-induced sulfamethoxazole urolithiasis: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced urolithiasis falls into two categories: drug-induced and metabolically-induced. Certain antimicrobials are associated with each; sulfonamides are associated with drug- or metabolite-containing calculi when taken in large doses over a long period of time. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a member of the sulfonamide family, is a rare cause of drug-induced calculi. Cases of sulfonamide urolithiasis occurring in patients with known stone disease have rarely been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a patient with a brief history of recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis requiring 2 ureteroscopic procedures whose existing 6 mm lower pole renal stone more than quadrupled in size to form a 4 cm renal staghorn after 4 months of high-dose treatment for Nocardia pneumonia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. After ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy and basketing of fragments, the stone was found to be predominantly composed of N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole, a metabolite of sulfamethoxazole. CONCLUSION: Stones composed of sulfamethoxazole or its metabolites are rare but have known associated risk factors that should be considered when prescribing this antibiotic. This case report illustrates additional risk factors for consideration, including pre-existing urinary calculi that may serve as a nidus for sulfamethoxazole deposition, and reviews treatment and prevention methods.