Comparison of the Predictive Capacity of the Erotophobia-Erotophilia and the Attitudes Toward Sexual Behaviors in the Sexual Experience of Young Adults.

The prediction of sexual behaviors in emerging adult population is important because the number of sexually active individuals is high, and many young adults engage in sexually risky behaviors. Attitudes are an effective way to predict behaviors. The attitude-behavior relation is stronger when both attitude and behavior are measured at equivalent levels of specificity. The aim of this study was to provide empirical support of the Attitudes toward Sexual Behaviors Scale (ASBS) predictive capacity for the sexual experience (number of different sexual behaviors performed) as well as to compare it with the Sexual Opinion Survey (SOS; erotophobia-erotophilia dimension) predictive capacity. Participants were 632 heterosexual young adults (57.8% were women) of Spanish nationality aged 18 to 30 years, selected by incidental and snowball sampling. Sociodemographic questions, the ASBS, the SOS, and a checklist about sexual experience were administered online. When the age and sex variables were controlled, the ASBS predictive capacity for the sexual experience was found to be greater than the SOS predictive capacity in both young men and women. These results might be explained by the higher correspondence in the sexual experience measure (specific sexual behaviors) with the ASBS than with the SOS.

Is it advisable to include negative attributes to assess the stereotype content? Yes, but only in the morality dimension.

Competence, morality and sociability dimensions have shown to be essential to measure stereotypes. Theoretically, the attributes associated with the negative pole of morality are more reliable and have shown to have higher evaluative weight. However, the current research usually employs only positive attributes to measure each dimension. Since the advantages of the inclusion of negative morality are clear it would be interesting to know about the effects of the inclusion of such type of attributes (i.e., it is good or bad for the measurement). The purpose of this study is to examine if the addition of negative items makes possible to improve the stereotype content measures. This study compares the differences between scales with various compositions of positive and negative items of stereotypes to predict three related variables: anger, fear and a semantic differential of evaluation. The study was carried out with a sample of 550 Spaniards. The data found highlights the importance of using attributes of the negative pole of morality in studying stereotypes. Their use was able to explain the intergroup emotional responses and the semantic differential more efficiently.

Concordancia entre actitudes y percepciones de aculturación de la población autóctona hacia los inmigrantes magrebíes: relación con las actitudes prejuiciosas / Concordance between acculturation attitudes and perceptions of the Spaniards toward Maghreb immigrants: relationship to prejudice

Recientemente se está evaluando la concordancia entre las actitudes de aculturación de mayorías y minorías y entre las actitudes y las percepciones de la mayoría acerca del proceso de aculturación de la minoría, así como su influencia sobre las relaciones intergrupales. Este trabajo pretende ampliar la perspectiva del segundo enfoque tomando como referente el Modelo Ampliado de Aculturación Relativa (MAAR). Se comparan las actitudes de aculturación de autóctonos residentes en una zona con alta recepción de inmigrantes con sus percepciones acerca de las estrategias que inmigrantes magrebíes están poniendo en práctica, pero considerando los diferentes ámbitos de aculturación contemplados en el MAAR. Asimismo, se analiza la relación de los distintos niveles de concordancia con la manifestación de prejuicio hacia los inmigrantes. Los resultados muestran que el grado de discrepancia entre actitudes y percepciones es mayor en los ámbitos pertenecientes al núcleo duro de la cultura (familiar, religioso y formas de pensar). Además, las personas situadas en un nivel de concordancia conflictivo expresaron, en general, actitudes más prejuiciosas hacia los inmigrantes magrebíes que quienes se situaban en un nivel consensual. Los resultados se discuten en comparación con los obtenidos en estudios anteriores con diferentes grupos mayoritarios y minoritarios en otros contextos (AU)

Concordance or discrepancy between majority and minority acculturation attitudes, and between majority attitudes and perceptions of minority acculturation, as well as their influence on intergroup relations have recently begun to be evaluated. This work attempts to widen the perspective of the second approach, using the Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM) as a reference. Acculturation attitudes of native residents in the south of Spain, where there is a strong influx of immigrants, are compared to their perceptions of the strategies that Maghrebian immigrants are putting into practice, specifically considering the different areas of acculturation in the RAEM. The different levels of concordance are also compared to prejudice against the immigrants. The results show that the discrepancy between attitudes and perceptions is greater in the areas pertaining to the hard core of the culture (family, religious beliefs and way of thinking). Furthermore, persons on a conflictual level of concordance generally expressed more prejudice against Maghrebian immigrants than those on a consensual level. The results are discussed in comparison to those found in previous studies with other majority and minority groups and in other contexts (AU)

[In-group Bias Test adapted to the relative acculturation extended model: reliability and validity evidences]. / Test de favoritismo endogrupal interétnico adaptado al modelo ampliado de aculturación relativa: fiabilidad y evidencias de validez.

In-group favouritism has become a variable of enormous importance in the study of inter-ethnic relations. According to current approaches, it can be understood as a tendency among the members of one group to favour or value the behaviour, attitudes, preferences or perceptions of their own group over those of another group to which they do not belong. The aim of this work is to study the psychometric properties of a new test for measuring inter-ethnic in-group bias, in majority (native) and minority (immigrant) groups. The test is based on the acculturation areas of the Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM). Participants were 992 Spaniards and 975 immigrants (500 Romanians and 475 Ecuadorians). The reliability estimate and validity evidence for these samples show that the psychometric properties of the In-group Bias Test are appropriate for use in multi-ethnic contexts, as it can be used in majority (native) and minority (Romanian and Ecuadorian immigrants) groups.

Test de favoritismo endogrupal interétnico adaptado al modelo ampliado de aculturación relativa: fiabilidad y evidencias de validez / In-group Bias Test adapted to the relative acculturation extended model: reliability and validity evidences

El favoritismo endogrupal (FE) se ha convertido en una variable de enorme importancia en el estudio de las relaciones interétnicas. De acuerdo con los planteamientos actuales, se puede entender como una tendencia entre los miembros de un grupo a favorecer el comportamiento, actitudes, preferencias y percepciones de su propio grupo sobre otro al que no pertenecen. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las propiedades psicométricas de un nuevo test para medir el FE interétnico que tenga aplicación tanto en el grupo mayoritario (autóctonos) como en el minoritario (inmigrantes). El test se basa en los ámbitos socioculturales contemplados en el MAAR. 992 personas españolas y 975 personas inmigrantes (500 de origen rumano y 475 ecuatoriano) participaron en el estudio. La estimación de la fiabilidad y las evidencias de validez de estas muestras confirman que las propiedades psicométricas de la medida de FE son apropiadas para su uso en contextos multiétnicos, ya que puede ser utilizada tanto en grupos mayoritarios (autóctonos) como en minoritarios (inmigrantes rumanos -IR- y ecuatorianos -IE-)(AU)

In-group favouritism has become a variable of enormous importance in the study of interethnic relations. According to current approaches, it can be understood as a tendency among the members of one group to favour or value the behaviour, attitudes, preferences or perceptions of their own group over those of another group to which they do not belong. The aim of this work is to study the psychometric properties of a new test for measuring inter-ethnic in-group bias, in majority (native) and minority (immigrant) groups. The test is based on the acculturation areas of the Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM). Participants were 992 Spaniards and 975 immigrants (500 Romanians and 475 Ecuadorians). The reliability estimate and validity evidence for these samples show that the psychometric properties of the In-group Bias Test are appropriate for use in multi-ethnic contexts, as it can be used in majority (native) and minority (Romanian and Ecuadorian immigrants) groups(AU)