Effect of a resistance training programme implemented with high levels of effort on physical fitness in people with intellectual disabilities living in group homes: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 14-week resistance training programme implemented with high levels of effort to improve physical fitness in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) living in group homes. METHODS: Fifty-two individuals with mild to moderate IDs participated in the experimental (n = 27; 15 men) or control groups (n = 25; 14 men). Participants performed 2 familiarisation sessions, 1 pretest, 42 training sessions (14 weeks × 3 sessions; only the experimental group) and 1 posttest. The testing sessions comprised the evaluation of body composition, static balance and muscle strength. The training sessions included four blocks: (1) dynamic bodyweight exercises, (2) dynamic exercises performed against external loads, (3) ballistic exercises and (4) static exercises. RESULTS: The main findings revealed that all variables related to body composition and muscle strength improved more after the intervention period in the experimental group than the control group, whereas the improvements in static balance for the experimental groups were lower than for the remaining variables used as markers of physical fitness. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of prescribing specific moderate-intensity to high-intensity resistance training programmes to improve body composition and muscle strength for people with IDs living in group homes.

Evaluación estabilométrica en personas con discapacidad intelectual / No disponible

El objeto de este trabajo ha sido realizar una evaluación sobre el control postural en personas con diferentes grados de discapacidad intelectual que facilite el diseño programas generales de actuación orientados a la mejora de las capacidades físicas y cognitivas. Han participado 45 personas de la Fundación Purísima Concepción de Granada con diferente nivel de discapacidad intelectual, a los que se le aplicaron las cuatro situaciones que describe el test de Romberg más una situación donde se pretende determinar el efecto de una tarea cognitiva sobre el control postural. Para el registro de las variables estabilométricas se ha utilizado una plataforma de fuerza Dinascan/IBV y una alfombrilla de gomaespuma sobre la superficie. Los resultados indican que las variables estabilométricas más sensibles a los cambios producidos por la manipulación de los estímulos vestibulares, visuales y somatosensoriales son: el desplazamiento total del CP y el área descrita por el CP en su recorrido por la base de sustentación. Han sido escasos los efectos producidos por la actividad dual. No se han constatado valores de significación estadística cuando se correlaciona el nivel de discapacidad intelectual con las diferentes variables estabilométricas registradas, lo que podría estar relacionado con la alta variabilidad registrada entre los participantes. Como conclusión general, se considera útil el análisis de las pruebas estabilométricas para la realización de un diseño individualizado de programas de rehabilitación e intervención deportiva en personas con discapacidad intelectual y de esta forma ayudar a la inclusión de personas con discapacidad intelectual

The aim of this project has been the realization of an evaluation about postural control in people with different degrees of intellectual disability which facilitates the design of general action programmes oriented to the improvement of physical and cognitive abilities. 45 people with different degrees of intellectual disability from Purísima Concepción de Granada Foundation have participated on it, who were applied the four situations that Romberg's test describes and also a situation where it is expected to determine the effect of a cognitive task on postural control. For the stabilometric variables register it has been used a Dinascan/IBV strength platform and a foam mat on the surface. The results indicate that the most sensitive stabilometric variables to the changes produced by the handling of vestibular, visual and somatosensory stimuli are: the CP total displacement and the area described by the CP on its walk through the sustenance base. The effects produced by dual activity have been scarce. It has not been confirmed meaning statistics values when it is correlated the level of intellectual disability with the different registered stabilometric variables, which could be related to the high variability registered among the participants. As a general conclusion, the analysis of stabilometric tests is considered useful for the realization of a personalized design of rehabilitation and sports intervention programme in people with intellectual disability and in this way it will help the inclusion of people with intellectual disability