COX2 Effects on endometrial carcinomas progression.

Uterine corpus cancer is one of the most prevalent gynecologic malignancies, among which endometrial cancers (EC) represent about 90 %. Despite the proven predictive value of several immunohistochemical markers, there remains a need to identify new indicators of EC progression and exploit them for therapeutic purposes. Potential candidates with diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy include cyclooxygenases (COXs). We studied 50 EC cases: 30 endometrioid (EEC), 10 serous (SEC), 10 clear-cell endometrial carcinomas (CCEC) and 10 cases of normal endometrial tissues. We investigated the expression of COX2, ER, PR, Ki-67, EGFR, p53, Bcl-2, VEGF, MMP1, CD31, and CD163 immunohistochemically. COX2 levels in EC tissue are elevated compared to the normal endometrium and depend on tumour histological features and differentiation. Elevated COX2 leads to increased tumour cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, increased VEGF expression, microvessel density, and M2 macrophage infiltration, and inhibition of PR expression. ER, EGFR, and MMP1 levels are unaffected by COX2, whose levels are independent of patient age and FIGO stage.

[Results of the cardiosurgical care delivery to teenagers and adult patients with inborn heart failures].

The results of surgical aid delivery to adult patients, suffering inborn heart failures (IHF), were analyzed for period of 15 yrs. Surgical activity in teenagers and adult patients, suffering IHF, was analyzed with the objective to create a management strategy for such patients. More close dispensary control of teenagers in a pediatrician-cardiologist was noted, while their transfer to the adult clinic it is necessary to follow them thoroughly together with dispensary registration. Progressive enhancement of the patients quantity was registered, in whom more complex and combined inborn anomalies of the heart and the main vessels were diagnosed. Enhancement of the interventions quantity, which are performed on the exit tract of left ventricle and ascending aorta and what is caused by introduction of angiographic interventions, was noted together with total rising of the operations quantity.

Tattoos: the relationship of diagnostic and semantic meaning.

This article investigates a tattoo as a component of non-verbal semiotics of medical discourse in pathological anatomy. The purpose is to estimate the diagnostic value of tattoos on the body of patients as semiotic and symbolic aspect of medical communication. Tattoos are classified into three types: image tattoos, feature tattoos, and conventional tattoos (symbolic tattoos). Conventional tattoos are the most informative component of medical discourse symbolics because of their diagnostic value. During the investigation it has been found out that criminal tattoos have the greatest value because of their structuring, clear connection with certain diseases (tuberculosis, liver cirrhosis), and also valuable are tattoos related to drug and alcohol addiction, which are characteristic for patients with viral hepatitis, osteomyelitis.

[Pathogenesis of periodontal cell DNA damage during periodontitis].

Objective of our work: To carry out a comparative assessment of the expression level p53 protein and associate it with the degree of DNA damage in inflammation of periodontal disease. The research was conducted on periodontal tissue with signs of inflammation taken from dead patients of Sumy Regional Hospital. The materials were investigated using immunohistochemistry and DNA comet assay. It was established that acute inflammation in the periodontal tissues develop changes leading to DNA damage Acute inflammation is characterized by high levels of p53 Considerable damage to the nuclear DNA is called p53. p53 in apoptosis may include inability to repair.

Prevalence of prostate cancer among the population of Sumy region.

In soils and surface waters in the Sumy region increased content of heavy metals (copper, manganese, iron, chromium, lead and zinc) according to Novomoskovskaya geological expedition (1991) and the report of the State Administration of Environmental Protection in the Sumy region "On state of the environment in the Sumy region " for 2012. Therefore, in this region is extremely important to study the possible impact of adverse environmental factors on the occurrence of pathological processes, especially cancer in the population. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible factors influencing the prostate cancer morbidity among the general population in different areas of Sumy region. Screening analysis of prostate cancer morbidity among the population of Sumy region was conducted and the data of the Sumy Regional Oncology Center on the prevalence of cancer among the population of the Sumy region in the last 10 years were studied. The environmental situation of the Sumy region in recent years was studied; areas with the highest pollution of surface waters and soils were identified. Comparison of pollution of Sumy regions and prostate cancer morbidity were conducted The study of the ecological situation in Sumy region and analysis of the level of environmental pollution in some areas showed that the highest incidence of prostate cancer observed in areas with poor ecological state of water resources and soil. Significant fluctuations in the level of breast cancer morbidity in different areas of Sumy region were also found. The study showed that the incidence of prostate cancer among the population of Sumy region associated with adverse environmental factors.

[Vascular-parenchymal ratio of testes under correction of exposure to combinations of heavy metals salts].

The results of the study of testes' tissue of 128 immature rats, which get within 60 days drinking water with threshold concentration of salts of copper, zinc, iron, manganese, lead, chromium. It was found that morphological changes of microvasculature was nonspecific and lead to the secondary damage of blood-testis barrier and correlated with changes in testes' parenchymal structures. Fullest possible extent of testicular parenchymal damage occurs in the areas of intensive blood supply, as well as toxic substances in these areas have a longer exposure time. Under exposure combinations of heavy metals salts of organisme the reduction of the vascular streambed in the testes is influenced by intravascular, extravascular intrawall factors. The intensity of vasculature and parenchyma violations of gland depends on duration of exposure combinations of salts of heavy metals. Applying the L-carnitine on the background of intoxication of heavy metal salts partially reduces adverse changes in testes' microvasculature streambed and parenchyma of rats.

[Spermatogenic function under the influence of heavy metal salts and its correction by preparation Tivortin].

Entrance of threshold concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, manganese, lead, chromium into the body of sexually mature male rats leads to secretory malfunction of the testicles, which manifests by a decrease of sperm concentration in the ejaculate, a decrease of percentage of motile gametes, an increase in the proportion of morphologically abnormal sperm forms. The evidence of disorders in spermatogram's parameters is directly depends on the duration of the influence of combination of heavy metal salts. The application of the drug Tivortin against intoxication of heavy metal salts decrease the adverse movement of quantitative and qualitative parameters of rat's spermatogramms, so far as Tivortin improves blood circulation, stimulates cell proliferation and cell differentiation, inhibits oxidative apoptosis. These explain beneficial effects of the drug on the growth and maturation of germ cells in case of the influence heavy metal salts combination on organ and the whole body.

[Morphological changes of the intestine in experimental acute intestinal infection in the treatment of colloidal silver].

At the present stage of infectionist practice in the treatment of acute intestinal infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms, colloidal silver is used with a particle size of 25 nm as an alternative to conventional causal therapy. In 32 rats, distributed in 4 groups of 8 animals each (intact; healthy, got colloidal silver; with a modeled acute intestinal infection in the basic treatment and with the addition of colloidal silver), histological examination was performed of small and large intestine of rats. Oral administration of colloidal silver at a dose of 0.02 mg/day to intact rats did not lead to changes in morphometric parameters compared to the norm, and during early convalescence in rats with acute intestinal infections were observed destructive and compensatory changes in the intestine, which depended on the treatment regimen. With the introduction of colloidal silver decreased activity of the inflammatory process and the severity of morphological changes in tissues of small and large intestine, indicating that the positive effect of study drug compared with baseline therapy.

[Proteoglycans of L6J1 myoblast extracellular matrix. Characteristics and effect on myoblast adhesion].

Proteoglycans were isolated from extracellular matrix of L6J1 rat myoblasts and their influence on myoblast adhesion was studied. Proteoglycan digestion with chondroitinase AC and heparinase III degrading the polysaccharide moieties revealed that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are the main class of myoblast extracellular matrix proteoglycans. Electrophoresis of enzymatically processed proteoglycans was used to examine their core proteins. Myoblast adhesion was suppressed by proteoglycans or the mixture of proteoglycans and fibronectin/extracellular matrix. When being processed with chondroitinase AC the combined substrate of fibronectin and proteoglycans lost the capability of myoblast adhesion suppression. Thus, as a result of presented work the proteoglycans of L6J1 rat myoblast extracellular matrix were isolated and purified. The main class of proteoglycans was chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans. Isolated proteoglycans suppressed myoblast adhesion and this effect was mediated by polysaccharide moieties of proteoglycans.

Characterization of edible oils using total luminescence spectroscopy.

Total luminescence spectroscopy was used to characterise and differentiate edible oils and additionally, to control one of the major problems in the oil quality--the effect of thermal and photo-oxidation. We studied several vegetable oils available on the Polish market, including soybean, rapeseed, corn, sunflower, linseed and olive oils. Total luminescence spectroscopy measurements were performed using two different sample geometries: front-face for pure oil samples and right-angle for transparent samples, diluted in n-hexane. All the samples studied as n-hexane solutions exhibit an intense peak, which appears at 320 nm in emission and 290 nm in excitation, attributed to tocopherols. Some of the oils exhibit a second long-wavelength peak, appearing at 670 nm in emission and 405 nm in excitation, belonging to pigments of the chlorophyll group. Additional bands were present in the intermediate range of excitation and emission wavelengths; however, the compounds responsible for this emission were not identified. The front-face spectra for pure oils included chlorophyll peaks for most samples, and some additional peaks in the intermediate range, while the tocopherol peaks were comparatively less intense. The results presented demonstrate the capability of the total luminescence techniques to characterise and differentiate vegetable oil products, and additionally, to characterize the effect of thermal and photo-oxidation on such products. In the photo-oxidation experiments, special attention was paid to possible involvement of singlet oxygen. Experiments were done to monitor the highly specific O2(1delta(g)) --> O2(3sigma(g)-) singlet oxygen emission at 1270 nm. Thus, total luminescence spectroscopy presents an interesting alternative to time-consuming and expensive techniques such as gas or liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and other methods requiring wet chemistry steps.

Effects of 8-OHDPAT administration into the dorsal raphe nucleus and dorsal hippocampus on fear behavior and regional brain monoamines distribution in rats.

The effects of R(+)-8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin (8-OHDPAT) administration into the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) or bilaterally into the dorsal hippocampus (HIP) on fear behavior in a modified version of the light-dark transitions test and regional brain monoamines (NA, DA, 5-HT) and their metabolites (MHPG, DOPAC, 5-HIAA) in the hypothalamus, midbrain central gray matter, amygdala, hippocampus and pons were examined. The experiments were performed on 36 male, 3-month old Wistar rats. Administration of 8-OHDPAT (200 ng) into the DRN reduced time out from the illuminated part of the chamber and time of motionless behavior in the illuminated part, increased the number of returns from the dark to illuminated part and number of head dipping from the dark to illuminated part without effect on time of motionless behavior in the dark part and on time of locomotor activity in the illuminated as well as in dark part of the chamber. HPLC analysis showed reduction of 5-HT content in the midbrain and amygdala, reduction of 5-HIAA content in pons, increased 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio in the hippocampus and increased DOPAC/DA ratio in the hypothalamus, midbrain, hippocampus and pons without affecting the MHPG/NA ratio and NA content. The administration of 8-OHDPAT (100 ng per site) into the HIP reduced time out from the illuminated part of chamber, time of locomotor activity in the illuminated part and head dipping from the dark to illuminated part without effect on the number of returns from the dark to illuminated part, time of locomotor activity in the dark part and time of motionless in the illuminated as well as in the dark part of chamber. HPLC analysis showed reduction of NA content in the hypothalamus, amygdala and pons, increased the MHPG content in all the investigated structures, increased MHPG/NA ratio in all the investigated structures except the hypothalamus. Dopamine content decreased in the hypothalamus and amygdala, and DOPAC/DA ratio increased in the amygdala and hippocampus. Concentrations of 5-HT, 5-HIAA and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio were unchanged. The results obtained indicate that 8-OHDPAT acting on the pre-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors decreases fear behavior and acting on 5-HT1A post-synaptic receptors increases fear behavior in the light-dark transitions test. The neurochemical base of anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects evoked by 8-OHDPAT is being discussed.

Bicuculline administration into ventromedial hypothalamus: effects on fear and regional brain monoamines and GABA concentrations in rats.

The effects of bicuculline methiodide administration into ventromedial hypothalamus (15 ng per site, bilaterally) on fear behavior and monoamines (NA, DA, 5-HT) and GABA in structures of the brain defensive system (hypothalamus, midbrain gray matter, amygdala, hippocampus and frontal cortex) were studied. Fear behavior was examined in the modified version of light-dark transition test. The time out from the illuminated compartment of chamber, the time spent there and number of returns to the illuminated compartment was measured. Additionally motor activity, i.e., number of crossings and rearings in dark as well as in the illuminated part of compartment, was registered. Blockade of GABAA receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamus resulted in increased fear behavior, i.e. decrease of time out from illuminated compartment and decrease of the time spent there. Motor behavior remained unchanged. HPLC analysis showed reduction of GABA concentration in all investigated brain structures. An increase of NA concentration in all examined structures with exception of the hypothalamus without effect on MHPG/NA was observed as well. Dopamine level remained unchanged, but DOPAC/DA ratio increased in all structures, except frontal cortex. Also HVA/DA ratio increased in the hypothalamus and midbrain. 5-HT concentration increased only in midbrain, 5-HIAA increased in midbrain and in frontal cortex, and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio increased only in frontal cortex. These results indicate that GABA-ergic and monoaminergic systems remain in functional interactions and that these interactions may play an important role in the neurochemical regulation of fear behavior. The possible mechanism of GABA--monoaminergic interactions is discussed.

[The Lecompte surgical procedure in transposition of great vessels]. / Operatsiia Lekompta pri transpozitsii magistral'nykh sosudov.

The article presents the first experience gained with the use of the Lecompt operation in eleven patients presenting with transposition of the great vessels, ventricular septal defects, and pulmonary artery stenosis. The above procedure had been performed during the period 1995-1998, with the short-term and remote results having been analyzed. A detailed description is given of the surgical technique. The Lecompt procedure was found to be superior to the Rastelli operation.

[The anatomy of coronary arteries in the main vascular transposition]. / Anatomiia venechnykh arterii pri transpozitsii magistral'nykh sosudov.

The analysis of the coronary arteries (CA) morphology in the main vessels transposition (MVT) cases was presented, basing on the clinical and cadaveric investigations data. During performance of 88 operations there were revealed 8 different morphological variants of the CA branching. There were studied 8 heart macropreparations with MVT and there were disclosed 4 different types of the CA morphology.

[The surgical treatment of aortic coarctation in infants in the 1st year of life with significantly decreased contractile function of the left ventricle]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie koarktatsii aorty u detei pervogo goda zhizni so znachitel'no snizhennoi sokratitel'noi funktsiei levogo zheludochka.

During the 1991-1998 yrs period there were operated on 20 patients with coarctation of aorta (CoA), aged up to 1 year old, in whom the ejaculatory fraction (EF) of left ventriculus (LI) was not exceeding 40%. All the patients were admitted to the hospital in the severe state of health, the end-diastolic (EDI) and the end-systolic (ESI) index constituting accordingly (144.2 +/- 47.2) and (84.2 +/- 34.7) ml/m2, EF LV--(34.2 +/- 4.7)%. After the operation one patient have died, the mortality was 5%. In three to eight days after the operation EDV have lowered by 15% on average, EF LV--have enhanced by 20%. In the majority of children in the late follow-up period EDI and ESI have lowered significantly, approximating the normal level, EF LV have normalized. The significant lowering of the LV function and the extremely severe state of the patient with CoA are not contraindications to the surgical intervention performance, vice versa, to such the patients the intensive therapy and the urgent operation conduction are indicated. The CoA demolition not only saves the child's life but fully normalizes the LV function in majority of the patients.

Behavioral and neurochemical alterations evoked by p-Chlorophenylalanine application in rats examined in the light-dark crossing test.

The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of serotonin synthesis inhibition with p-Chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) in rats on (1) anxiety behavior examined in the light-dark crossing test and, (2) regional brain concentration of monoamines (NA, DA and 5-HT) and their metabolites (MHPG, DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA) as well as GABA in the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, midbrain central gray matter and the frontal cortex. Treatment of animals with p-CPA produced a significant increase in time out from the illuminated part of the chamber and in time of locomotor activity in the illuminated part of the chamber. HPLC analysis showed a significant reduction of 5-HT and 5-HIAA concentration in all examined brain regions with the exception of the frontal cortex. Additionally, a significant decrease in DA and its metabolites, DOPAC and HVA occurred in the hypothalamus and amygdala. Moreover, we observed a significant decrease in frontal cortex NA concentration after p-CPA administration. The results of our study suggest that administration of p-CPA is effective in reduction of anxiety through depletion of 5-HT accompanied by diminution of catecholamines, especially DA and its metabolites in the main emotional brain regions.

Social interactions, brain monoamines, and GABA alterations in MFB-lesioned cats.

The effects of denervation of central noradrenergic system on the interpartner relationships of adult cats were examined in a predatory test in the competitive situation for paired animals. Direct administration of the noradrenaline neurotoxin, N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4 12 microg) into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of submissive cats changed previously established dominant-submissive relationship. Biochemical analysis demonstrated a significant reduction of noradrenaline (NA) concentration in the hypothalamus (AH), amygdala (AM), hippocampus (HC), and frontal cortex (CTX), and elevation of NA content in the midbrain central gray matter (CG) in MFB-lesioned cats. Simultaneously, DSP-4-induced lesions exerted significant decrease of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) content in AH, CG, HC and CTX, and increased GABA level in AH, CG, AM, and HC. These results suggest that a coincident decrease of NA metabolism and increase of GABA metabolism led to fear drive reduction.

Behavioral and biochemical alterations in median and dorsal raphe nuclei lesioned cats.

Ten days after 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) administration into the median (MRN) and dorsal (DRN) raphe nuclei, preceded by nomifensine IP, an increase of post-carbachol growling response occurred. There were no differences in the amount of locomotor activity on any post-lesion day. In predatory test in a competitive situation for paired cats ten and fifteen days after 5,7-DHT administration into the MRN and DRN of submissive cats, formerly submissive animals, engage in the fight for domination after lesions. HPLC analysis showed in all lesioned groups a significant reduction of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the hypothalamus, midbrain, amygdala and hippocampus after the MRN lesion and in the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and frontal cortex after the DRN lesion. After the MRN and DRN lesion no spontaneous aggressive behavior occurred in any cat. The results indicate that both raphe nuclei participate in the central regulation of affective and predatory aggression in the cat.

[The effect of veratridine on the release of neurotrophic factors in a nerve tissue culture]. / Vliianie veratridina na vydelenie neirotroficheskikh faktorov v kul'ture nervnoi tkani.

A depolarising agent veratridine was shown to affect the level of neurotrophic substances in a combined culture of the newborn rats hippocampus and chick embryo spinal ganglia: the growth of sprouts of the ganglia's sensitive neurons was enhanced. The effect seems to be mediated by the veratridine effect on the hippocampal neurons. The role of an increased level of neurotrophic factors in an increase of neuronal activity, is discussed.