Assessing the Antioxidant Benefits of Topical Carvacrol and Magnolol Periodontal Hydrogel Therapy in Periodontitis Associated with Diabetes in Wistar Rats.

It is well recognized that oxidative stress contributes to chronic stress-induced cytotoxicity, which is a major factor in the progression of many diseases, including periodontitis and diabetes. Formulas based on natural extracts with antioxidant properties are alternative treatment perspectives in the management of such diseases. The aim of our study was to assess how carvacrol and magnolol influence periodontitis associated with diabetes in Wistar rats. Ninety Wistar rats were distributed in nine groups: I-control group; II-diabetes group (D); III-periodontitis group (P); IV-periodontitis and diabetes group (PD); V-periodontitis and diabetes with vehicle alone (PDV); VI-periodontitis and diabetes treated with carvacrol (PDC); VII-periodontitis and diabetes treated with magnolol (PDM); VIII-periodontitis and diabetes treated with carvacrol and magnolol (PDCM); IX-healthy group with vehicle alone (CV). Blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase activity levels (CAT) were measured as indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity, respectively. Where diabetes and periodontitis were induced, MDA was augmented and CAT was depleted significantly. Whether given alone (PDM) or in combination with carvacrol (PDCM), magnolol significantly decreased MDA. Between the PDM group and the PDCM group, there were no notable differences. In Wistar rats with periodontitis related to diabetes, topical use of hydrogels containing magnolol, either alone or in combination with carvacrol, may reduce oxidative stress.

Comorbidities, Associated Diseases, and Risk Assessment in COVID-19-A Systematic Review.

It is considered that COVID-19's pandemic expansion is responsible for the particular increase in deaths, especially among the population with comorbidities. The health system is often overwhelmed by the large number of cases of patients addressing it, by the regional limitation of funds, and by the gravity of cases at subjects suffering from this pathology. Several associated conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular illnesses, obesity, persistent lung condition, neurodegenerative diseases, etc., increase the mortality risk and hospitalization of subjects suffering from COVID-19. The rapid identification of patients with increased risk of death from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the stratification in accordance with the risk and the allocation of human, financial, and logistical resources in proportion must be a priority for health systems worldwide.

Mini-Implant Rejection Rate in Teenage Patients Depending on Insertion Site: A Retrospective Study.

Mini-implants have undeniable advantages in Orthodontics. However, the use of mini-implants shows some limitations and disadvantages related to patient age, the quality of the bone tissue, the characteristics of the oral mucosa, implant site, the state of health of the organism and the quality of oral hygiene. The aim of this paper was to analyze the rejection rate of mini-implants in teenage patients, depending on their insertion site, and examine their stability up to three months after insertion. This retrospective study was conducted on dental charts belonging to patients aged between 12 and 17 years, from Oradea, Romania. The mini-implants were placed for various therapeutic reasons and were inserted in the following sites: buccal maxillary area, the infrazygomatic region, palatal area, buccal mandibular area and lingual area; they had a diameter of 1.6 mm (inter-radicular spaces) and of 2 mm (nonbearing tooth areas), and a length of 6-8 mm (mandible) or 8-10 mm (maxilla). The rejection rate was checked in the first month, second month, third month and after the third month from insertion. A total of 432 patients were included in the study, and they had a total of 573 mini-implants. Most implants were placed in the buccal region of the maxilla (27.7%), and most patients had one mini-implant placed (65.7%). The highest rejection rate was obtained in the first month (15.2%). The rejection rate between genders was similar. The mini-implants from the buccal mandibular region had a significantly higher rate of rejection in the first month (M1) in comparison to the mini-implants from the palatal region (24.4% vs. 8.3%). The mini-implants from the lingual region of the mandible had a significantly higher rate of rejection in the second month (M2) in comparison to the mini-implants from the infrazygomatic or the palatal region (10.5% vs. 0%/0%). Mini-implants are very useful for carrying out various orthodontic treatments, but their stability should be enhanced.

Significant aspects and correlation between glycemic control and generalized chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

The purpose of this research was to assess the correlation between glycemic control and clinical periodontal characteristics in type 2 diabetics with generalized chronic periodontitis. A total of 182 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and generalized chronic periodontitis were included in our study. The clinical examination included full-mouth plaque accumulation, bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), presence of suppuration (SUP), clinical attachment level (CAL) and number of remaining teeth. Blood analyses were conducted for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). The correlation between the extent of periodontitis, defined as the percentage of PD and CAL sites ≥5 mm, and glycemic control was also analyzed. In addition, clinical parameters were compared between two (<7 and ≥7%) glycemic subsets. The frequency of uncontrolled diabetic subjects (HbA1c ≥7%) was higher than that of the well-controlled subjects (HbA1c <7%), 57.15 vs. 42.85%. Among the clinical parameters evaluated, mean full-mouth plaque accumulation was significantly higher among patients without glucose control (74.2±25.2 vs. 62.5±28.7%, P<0.01), as well as mean PD (3.78±0.9 vs. 3.42±0.8 mm, P<0.01) and mean CAL (4.5±1.2 vs. 4.1±1.2 mm, P=0.02). The sites with PD ≥5 mm were statistically more prevalent among patients with HbA1c ≥7% compared with patients with HbA1c <7% (27.8±6.2 vs. 23.4±5.8%, P<0.01). The mean number of remaining teeth was statistically significantly lower in patients with HbA1c ≥7% compared with patients with HbA1c <7% (18.5±3.2 vs. 20.4±4.1, P<0.01). In conclusion, the severity and extension of generalized chronic periodontitis was higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glucose control compared with those with good glucose control.

A Rare Case of Bilateral Agenesis of Central Lower Incisors Associated With Upper Impacted Canine- A Case Report.

This case of a female patient, 14 yr old with association of the two anomalies, which we came across with in 2014, is rarely met in the specialty practice. The impacted canines are part of the group of dental anomalies of position, while the agenesis is part of the group of dental number anomalies. The orthodontic treatment in the two arches has to be differentiated, the therapeutic objectives being, also different in the two arches.

Correlation between histopathological aspects of periodontitis and biochemical changes of oxidative stress.

PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to assess the histopathological changes and the condition of oxidative stress in the saliva of the patients with periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have carried out our research on two groups of patients with periodontitis (a group of 16 patients with stage I periodontitis and a group of 16 patients with stage II periodontitis), who we have compared, using samples of saliva and serum, to a group of 15 volunteers without any dental restorations. To dose MDA, we used thiobarbituric acid method and for determination of ceruloplasmin the Ravin's method. For histopathological examination, the periodontal fragments were immediately underwent for fixation in 10% neutral formalin solution and then, they were included in paraffin using the conventional histological technique. RESULTS: The group of patients with stage II periodontitis presented lower values of salivary MDA compared to the group of patients with stage I periodontitis. Patients with stage I periodontitis presented a significantly increased concentration of MDA in the serum compared to the control group, but considerably lower concentrations compared to patients with stage II periodontitis. The values of serum ceruloplasmin do not present statistically important changes in patients with stage I periodontitis compared to those suffering from stage II periodontitis and to those from the group control. CONCLUSIONS: MDA is not a product of blood filtration as the concentration of MDA in the bloodstream is bigger than in the saliva. Tissue changes and biochemical aspects are strongly connected. Removing dental plaque can prevent oral infections.