Efficacy of automated insulin delivery in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Automated insulin delivery (AID) devices have shown to be a promising treatment to improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, its efficacy in pregnant women with T1DM remains uncertain. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing AID to standard care (SC), defined as use of sensor-augmented pump and multiple daily insulin injections. Outcomes included time in range (TIR), nocturnal TIR, time in hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic ranges, among others. Sensitivity and trial sequential analyses (TSA) were performed. PROSPERO ID: CRD42023474398. RESULTS: We included five RCTs with a total of 236 pregnant women, of whom 117 (50.6%) received AID. There was a significant increase in nocturnal TIR (mean difference [MD] 12.69%; 95% CI 8.74-16.64; p < 0.01; I2 = 0%) and a decrease in glucose variability (standard deviation of glucose; MD -2.91; 95% CI -5.13 to -0.69; p = 0.01; I2 = 0%). No significant differences were observed for TIR, HBGI, LGBI, mean glucose and time spent in hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Regarding TSA, the statistical significance obtained in nocturnal TIR was conclusive and with minimal risk of a type I error. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that AID systems can significantly improve nocturnal glycemic control and potentially reduce glycemic variability in pregnant women with T1DM, with no effect in the risk of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia compared with current insulin treatments.

Efficacy of anti-amyloid-ß monoclonal antibody therapy in early Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Studies targeting amyloid-ß in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have conflicting results and early initiation of therapy may yield better outcomes. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov for randomized trials comparing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with placebo in MCI or mild dementia due to AD. RESULTS: Nineteen studies comprising 15,275 patients were included. In patients with early AD, mAbs reduced the rate of decline, in both the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, the sum of boxes (CDR-SB; MD -0.30; 95% CI -0.42,-0.19; p < 0.01), and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscore (ADAS-cog; SMD -0.80; 95% CI -10.25,-0.35; p < 0.01). The results were similar between clinical stages for CDR-SB (MCI, MD -0.19; 95% CI -0.35,-0.03; p = 0.02; mild dementia, MD -0.45; 95% CI -0.65,-0.25; p < 0.01; subgroup differences, p = 0.13), as well as for ADAS-Cog (MCI, SMD -0.83; 95% CI -1.49,-0.17; p = 0.01; mild dementia, SMD -0.69; 95% CI -1.32 to -0.05; p = 0.03; subgroup differences, p = 0.47). The risk of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) was significantly higher in patients taking mAbs, including ARIA-edema (RR 7.7; 95% CI 4.60 to 13.00; p < 0.01), ARIA-hemorrhage (RR 1.8; 95% CI 1.22 to 2.59; p < 0.01), and symptomatic or serious ARIA (RR 14.1; 95% CI 7.30 to 27.14; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Anti-amyloid-ß mAbs attenuate cognitive and functional decline compared with placebo in early AD; whether the magnitude of this effect is clinically important remains uncertain, especially relative to the safety profile of these medications. Starting immunotherapy in patients with MCI was not significantly different than starting in the mild dementia stage. PROSPERO REGISTRY: CRD42023430698.

Sífilis: a grande imitadora / Sífilis: The Great Mimicker

A Sífilis é uma doença de transmissão vertical ou sexual causada por uma bactéria espiroqueta anaeróbia restrita que parasita exclusivamente o homem. Esse termo foi usado pela primeira vez em 1530 mas só em 1905 foi associado ao Treponema. Desde o advento da penicilina, os casos de sífilis decresceram até que há cerca de 20 anos a incidência dessa doença voltou a aumentar. Apesar de ser uma doença com múltiplas manifestações sendo capaz de mimetizar outras comorbidades, o diagnóstico e tratamento do Lues é relativamente simples e barato o que vai de encontro a elevada prevalência dessa doença até os dias de hoje. Devido às mudanças epidemiológicas caracterizadas por aumento na incidência e prevalência na última década, o objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar os aspectos relevantes para detecção da doença e aspectos do seu tratamento, levando em conta as diferentes faces da doença, prevenção e tratamento.

Syphilis is a disease of sexual transmission or passed from the mother to fetus caused by a restricted anaerobic spirochete bacterium that parasites exclusively humans. This term was first used in 1530 but only in 1905 was it associated with Treponema. Since the advent of penicillin, cases of syphilis have declined until about 20 years ago when the incidence of this disease has increased again. Although it is a disease with multiple manifestations being able to mimic other comorbidities, the diagnosis and treatment of Lues is relatively simple and inexpensive, which contradicts the high prevalence of this disease until the present day. Due to the epidemiological changes characterized by increased incidence and prevalence in the last decade, the objective of this review was to present the relevant aspects to detect the disease and aspects of its treatment, according to the different faces of the disease, prevention and treatment.

Adenocarcinoma de uretra feminina: relato de caso / Adenocarcinoma of the female urethra

Um caso de adenocarcinoma de uretra em paciente do sexo feminino, onde os autores descrevem a neoplasia baseando-se em estudos histopatológicos, endoscópicos e radiológicos. A neoplasia se apresenta em regiäo proximal da uretra como adenocarcinoma do tipo muco-secretor. É feita uma revisäo literária sendo este o 16§ o caso relatado