[Evaluation of the management and follow-up of diabetic patients in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy]. / Evaluación del manejo y seguimiento de los pacientes diabéticos en la prevención de la retinopatía diabética.

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality, affecting 537 million adults worldwide. Spain is the second European country in prevalence, with 14.8% in the population aged twenty/seventy-nine years; with 11.6 cases per 1,000 people/year. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the fifth cause of vision loss worldwide and the seventh cause of blindness/visual impairment among members of the National Organization of the Blind in Spain (ONCE). Early detection of DR prevents blindness in diabetics and is conditioned by glycosylated hemoglobin. The aim of this paper was to analyze the management of diabetic patients in Aljarafe region (Seville) and identify opportunities for improvement in the coordination of their follow-up between the Primary Care physician and the ophthalmologist. METHODS: A retrospective observational study (2016-2019) was carried out, with patients registered in the diabetic census of the twenty-eight municipalities of Aljarafe. The primary care and hospital health history, and telemedicine program were consulted. About statistical analysis, for qualitative variables, totals and percentages were calculated; for quantitative variables, mean and standard deviation (if normally distributed) and median and quartiles (if non-normally distributed). RESULTS: There were 17,175 diabetics registered in Aljarafe (5.7% of the population); 14,440 patients (84.1%) had some determination of hemoglobin during the period, 9,228 (63.9%) had all of them in the appropriate range. Fundoscopic control was performed on 12,040 diabetics (70.1%), and of those who did not, 346 (10.6%) had all of them out of range. There were 1,878 (10.9%) patients without fundoscopic or metabolic control, 1,019 (54.3%) were women, 1,219 (64.9%) were under sixty-five years of age, 1,019 (54.3%) had severe comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients have adequate screening, and more than half have determinations within range. However, a significant percentage with no glycated hemoglobin within range lack fundoscopic control, and another smaller group lack fundoscopic or metabolic control, with inter-municipal variability. We propose to improve communication channels between levels.

OBJECTIVE: La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad crónica con alta morbimortalidad que afecta a 537 millones de adultos en el mundo. España es el segundo país europeo en prevalencia, con un 14,8% en población de veinte-setenta y nueve años, con 11,6 casos por cada 1.000 personas/año. La retinopatía diabética (RD) es la quinta causa de pérdida de visión a nivel mundial y la séptima causa de ceguera/discapacidad visual entre afiliados a la Organización Nacional de Ciegos de España (ONCE). La detección precoz de RD previene la ceguera en diabéticos y está condicionada por la hemoglobina glicosilada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el manejo de los pacientes diabéticos en la comarca del Aljarafe (Sevilla) e identificar oportunidades de mejora en la coordinación de su seguimiento entre el médico de Atención Primaria y el médico oftalmólogo. METHODS: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo (2016-2019) con los pacientes registrados en el censo de diabéticos de los veintiocho municipios del Aljarafe. Se consultó la historia de salud de Atención Primaria y Hospital, así como el programa de Telemedicina. En cuanto al análisis estadístico, para variables cualitativas se calcularon totales y porcentajes; para variables cuantitativas, media y distribución estándar (si distribución normal), y la mediana y cuartiles (distribución no normal). RESULTS: Se registraron 17.175 diabéticos en el Aljarafe (5,7% de población); 14.440 pacientes (84,1%) tenían alguna determinación de hemoglobina durante el periodo, 9.228 (63,9%) las tenían todas en rango adecuado. Tenían control fundoscópico 12.040 diabéticos (70,1%), y de los que no, 346 (10,6%) tenían todas fuera de rango. Hubo 1.878 (10,9%) pacientes sin control fundoscópico ni metabólico, 1.019 (54,3%) eran mujeres, 1.219 (64,9%) menores de sesenta y cinco años, 1.019 (54,3%) con comorbilidad grave. CONCLUSIONS: La mayoría de los pacientes presentan un cribado adecuado y, más de la mitad, determinaciones en rango. Sin embargo, un porcentaje relevante con ninguna hemoglobina glicosilada en rango carecen de control fundoscópico, y otro grupo menor está sin control fundoscópico ni metabólico, con variabilidad intermunicipios. Planteamos mejorar los circuitos de comunicación entre niveles.

Evaluación del manejo y seguimiento de los pacientes diabéticos en la prevención de la retinopatía diabética / Evaluation of the management and follow-up of diabetic patients in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy

Fundamentos: La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad crónica con alta morbimortalidad que afecta a 537 millones de adultos en el mundo. España es el segundo país europeo en prevalencia, con un 14,8% en población de veinte-setenta y nueve años, con 11,6 casos por cada 1.000 personas/año. La retinopatía diabética (RD) es la quinta causa de pérdida de visión a nivel mundial y la séptima causa de ceguera/discapacidad visual entre afiliados a la Organización Nacional de Ciegos de España (ONCE). La detección precoz de RD previene la ceguera en diabéticos y está condicionada por la hemoglobina glicosilada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el manejo de los pacientes diabéticos en la comarca del Aljarafe (Sevilla) e identificar oportunidades de mejora en la coordinación de su seguimiento entre el médico de Atención Primaria y el médico oftalmólogo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo (2016-2019) con los pacientes registrados en el censo de diabéticos de los veintiocho municipios del Aljarafe. Se consultó la historia de salud de Atención Primaria y Hospital, así como el programa de Telemedicina. En cuanto al análisis estadístico, para variables cualitativas se calcularon totales y porcentajes; para variables cuantitativas, media y distribución estándar (si distribución normal), y la mediana y cuartiles (distribución no normal). Resultados: Se registraron 17.175 diabéticos en el Aljarafe (5,7% de población); 14.440 pacientes (84,1%) tenían alguna determinación de hemoglobina durante el periodo, 9.228 (63,9%) las tenían todas en rango adecuado. Tenían control fundoscópico 12.040 diabéticos (70,1%), y de los que no, 346 (10,6%) tenían todas fuera de rango. Hubo 1.878 (10,9%) pacientes sin control fundoscópico ni metabólico, 1.019 (54,3%) eran mujeres, 1.219 (64,9%) menores de sesenta y cinco años, 1.019 (54,3%) con comorbilidad grave...(AU)

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality, affecting 537 million adults worldwide. Spain is the second European country in prevalence, with 14.8% in the population aged twenty/seventy-nine years; with 11.6 cases per 1,000 people/year. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the fifth cause of vision loss worldwide and the seventh cause of blindness/visual impairment among members of the National Organization of the Blind in Spain (ONCE). Early detection of DR prevents blindness in diabetics and is conditioned by glycosylated hemoglobin. The aim of this paper was to analyze the management of diabetic patients in Aljarafe region (Seville) and identify opportunities for improvement in the coordination of their follow-up between the Primary Care physician and the ophthalmologist. Methods: A retrospective observational study (2016-2019) was carried out, with patients registered in the diabetic census of the twenty-eight municipalities of Aljarafe. The primary care and hospital health history, and telemedicine program were consulted. About statistical analysis, for qualitative variables, totals and percentages were calculated; for quantitative variables, mean and standard devia-tion (if normally distributed) and median and quartiles (if non-normally distributed). RESULTS // There were 17,175 diabetics registered in Aljarafe (5.7% of the population); 14,440 patients (84.1%) had some determi-nation of hemoglobin during the period, 9,228 (63.9%) had all of them in the appropriate range. Fundoscopic control was performed on 12,040 diabetics (70.1%), and of those who did not, 346 (10.6%) had all of them out of range. There were 1,878 (10.9%) patients without fundoscopic or metabolic control, 1,019 (54.3%) were women, 1,219 (64.9%) were under sixty-five years of age, 1,019 (54.3%) had severe comorbidity...(AU)

[Efectividad de una intervención multimodal para la mejora de la atención al dolor crónico.] / Effectiveness of a multimodal intervention for improving chronic pain care.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of chronic pain in Spain is 17%, which causes suffering and significant loss of quality of life. Therapies should not focus only on pain reduction, to improve function and quality of life are necessary. Currently, it is committed to combining drugs and other therapies such as relaxation, meditation, cognitive behavioral therapy, targeted exercises, healthy lifestyles and techniques to increase self-esteem and motivation for change. These therapies can be used as part of a multimodal approach, forming part of multicomponent programs or workshops. In this paper we proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop developed from the Hospital San Juan de Dios del Ajarafe, that integrated different non-pharmacological therapies in the control of chronic non-oncologic pain and to analyze patients' perceptions of the techniques applied and how they affected pain and lifestyles. METHODS: An intragroup before-after study (beginning-end of the workshop) was carried out, comparing pain, well-being, drug use, quality of life, and self-esteem. Surveys were conducted to deepen more qualitative aspects and identify improvements. The workshop consisted of psychoeducational action and training for the mental control of pain and emotions, based on the active participation of the patient in the management of his disease, promoting self-care and self-esteem, and aiming to improve well-being and quality of life. It consisted of 5 sessions of 3 hours (1 per week); of a group, interactive and practical nature. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS vs.27.0. To compare related measures (before-after) we used Student's T tests for paired samples and Wilcoxon's test and to compare independent groups, Student's T and Mann Whitney's U; for the qualitative variables, we used Chi-Square and Fisher's test. RESULTS: Four workshops were evaluated in which 63 patients participated, with a mean age of 57.6 (SD:11.37) years, 60 (95.2%) of them were women. At the end of the workshop pain decreased 1.5 median (-2.0-0) and well-being increased 2.0 (0-2.0); quality of life increased a median of 0.121 (SD: 0.209), health status 16.8 (23.78) and self-esteem 2.74 (4.73); [p<0.001]. The best valued techniques were meditations, mainly mental analgesia, affirmations in the mirror and self-esteem techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Overall satisfaction with the workshop is 9.8 out of 10. There is a pain control and improvement in quality of life, self-perception of health status, well-being and self-esteem.

OBJETIVO: La prevalencia de dolor crónico en España es del 17% y causa sufrimiento y pérdida significativa de la calidad de vida. Las terapias no deben enfocarse sólo a la reducción del dolor, sino que es necesario mejorar la función y la calidad de vida. Actualmente, se apuesta por combinar fármacos y otras terapias como la relajación, meditación, terapia cognitivo conductual, ejercicios dirigidos, estilos de vida saludable y técnicas de aumento de la autoestima y motivación para el cambio. Estas terapias pueden ser utilizadas como parte de un abordaje multimodal, formando parte de programas o talleres multicomponente. En este trabajo nos planteamos evaluar la efectividad de un taller desarrollado en el Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, que integraba distintas terapias no farmacológicas en el control del dolor crónico no oncológico y analizar las percepciones de los pacientes sobre las técnicas aplicadas y cómo afectaban al dolor y a sus estilos de vida. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio intragrupo antes-después (inicio-final del taller), comparando dolor, bienestar, consumo de fármacos, calidad de vida y autoestima. Se realizaron encuestas para profundizar en aspectos más cualitativos e identificar mejoras. El taller consistió en una acción psicoeducativa y de entrenamiento para el control mental del dolor y las emociones, fundamentada en la participación activa del paciente en el manejo de su enfermedad, promoviendo su autocuidado y autoestima, y persiguiendo mejorar el bienestar y calidad de vida. Constó de cinco sesiones de tres horas (una por semana); de carácter grupal, interactivo y práctico. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS vs.27.0. Para comparar medidas relacionadas (antes-después) se realizaron las pruebas T de Student para muestras apareadas y test de Wilcoxon, y para comparar grupos independientes se usó la T de Student y U de Mann Whitney; para las variables cualitativas se empleó Chi-Cuadrado y test de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron cuatro talleres en los que participaron 63 pacientes, con 57,6 (SD:11,37) años de edad media, y de los que 60 (95,2%) fueron mujeres. Al finalizar el taller el dolor disminuyó 1,5 de mediana (-2,0-0) y el bienestar aumentó 2,0 (0-2,0); la calidad de vida aumentó una media de 0,121 (SD: 0,209), el estado de salud 16,8 (23,78) y la autoestima 2,74 (4,73) [p<0,001]. Las técnicas mejor valoradas fueron las meditaciones, principalmente la analgesia mental, las afirmaciones ante el espejo y las técnicas de autoestima. CONCLUSIONES: Hay satisfacción global con el taller con una puntuación de 9,8 sobre 10. Se constata el control del dolor y la mejora de la calidad de vida, la autopercepción del estado de salud, el bienestar y la autoestima.

Efectividad de una intervención multimodal para la mejora de la atención al dolor crónico / Effectiveness of a multimodal intervention for improving chronic pain care

Fundamentos: La prevalencia de dolor crónico en España es del 17% y causa sufrimiento y pérdida significativa de la calidad de vida. Las terapiasno deben enfocarse sólo a la reducción del dolor, sino que es necesario mejorar la función y la calidad de vida. Actualmente, se apuesta por combinarfármacos y otras terapias como la relajación, meditación, terapia cognitivo conductual, ejercicios dirigidos, estilos de vida saludable y técnicas de aumentode la autoestima y motivación para el cambio. Estas terapias pueden ser utilizadas como parte de un abordaje multimodal, formando parte de programaso talleres multicomponente. En este trabajo nos planteamos evaluar la efectividad de un taller desarrollado en el Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, queintegraba distintas terapias no farmacológicas en el control del dolor crónico no oncológico y analizar las percepciones de los pacientes sobre las técnicasaplicadas y cómo afectaban al dolor y a sus estilos de vida. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio intragrupo antes-después (inicio-final del taller), comparando dolor, bienestar, consumo de fármacos, calidad de vida yautoestima. Se realizaron encuestas para profundizar en aspectos más cualitativos e identificar mejoras. El taller consistió en una acción psicoeducativa yde entrenamiento para el control mental del dolor y las emociones, fundamentada en la participación activa del paciente en el manejo de su enfermedad,promoviendo su autocuidado y autoestima, y persiguiendo mejorar el bienestar y calidad de vida. Constó de cinco sesiones de tres horas (una por semana);de carácter grupal, interactivo y práctico. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS vs.27.0. Para comparar medidas relacionadas (antes-después) se realizaron las pruebas T de Student para muestras apareadas y test de Wilcoxon, y para comparar grupos independientes se usó la T de Student y U de MannWhitney; para las variables cualitativas se empleó Chi-Cuadrado y test de Fisher...(AU)

Background: The prevalence of chronic pain in Spain is 17%, which causes suffering and significant loss of quality of life. Therapies should not focusonly on pain reduction, to improve function and quality of life are necessary. Currently, it is committed to combining drugs and other therapies such asrelaxation, meditation, cognitive behavioral therapy, targeted exercises, healthy lifestyles and techniques to increase self-esteem and motivation for change. These therapies can be used as part of a multimodal approach, forming part of multicomponent programs or workshops. In this paper we proposed toevaluate the effectiveness of a workshop developed from the Hospital San Juan de Dios del Ajarafe, that integrated different non-pharmacological therapiesin the control of chronic non-oncologic pain and to analyze patients’ perceptions of the techniques applied and how they affected pain and lifestyles. Methods: An intragroup before-after study (beginning-end of the workshop) was carried out, comparing pain, well-being, drug use, quality of life, andself-esteem. Surveys were conducted to deepen more qualitative aspects and identify improvements. The workshop consisted of psychoeducational action andtraining for the mental control of pain and emotions, based on the active participation of the patient in the management of his disease, promoting self-care andself-esteem, and aiming to improve well-being and quality of life. It consisted of 5 sessions of 3 hours (1 per week); of a group, interactive and practical nature.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS vs.27.0. To compare related measures (before-after) we used Student’s T tests for paired samples and Wilcoxon’s testand to compare independent groups, Student’s T and Mann Whitney’s U; for the qualitative variables, we used Chi-Square and Fisher’s test...(AU)

Remote ophthalmology with a smartphone adapter handled by nurses for the diagnosis of eye posterior pole pathologies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: The use of smartphones to provide specialist ophthalmology services is becoming a more commonly used method to support patients with eye pathologies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, demand for telehealth services such as tele-ophthalmology, is increasing rapidly. METHODS: In 2019, the agreement between diagnostic tests was investigated by comparing the diagnostic performance for eye posterior pole pathologies of the images obtained by a smartphone coupled to a medical device known as open retinoscope (OR), handled by a nurse and subsequently assessed by an ophthalmologist versus the images obtained by an ophthalmologist using a slit lamp associated to a 76 diopter indirect ophthalmic lens (Volk Super FieldVR ) (SL-IOL) at the outpatient department of a hospital. The OR used in this study worked with a 28 diopter indirect lens. RESULTS: An examination of 151 dilated eyes (79 adult patients, mean age of 66.7 years, 59.5% women) was conducted. Sensitivity was 98.9%, specificity was 89.8%, the positive predictive value was 93.8% and the negative predictive value was 98.2%. The kappa index between both tests was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.83-0.97) in basic diagnosis, 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74-0.89) in syndromic diagnosis (13 categories) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.62-0.77) in advanced diagnosis (23 categories). DISCUSSION: Images obtained by a nurse using a smartphone coupled to the OR and subsequently assessed by an ophthalmologist showed a high diagnostic performance for eye posterior pole pathologies, which could pave the way for remote ophthalmology systems for this patient group.

[Risk factors related to functionality and quality of life in people over 65 years of age with hip fracture.] / Factores de riesgo relacionados con la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida en mayores de 65 años con fractura de cadera.

OBJECTIVE: Hip fracture (HF) in the elderly carries high mortality and decreases functionality and quality of life after one year. The aim of this paper was to identify risk factors that influenced functionality (Barthel) and quality of life (EQ-5D) of the elderly with osteoporotic HF. METHODS: A prospective observational study was made in people over 65 years of age with HF between October 2017 and November 2018. Clinical information was collected from the digital medical record and the scales were measured by telephone at four times: baseline, one month, six months and twelve months. Statistical analysis was made thanks to SPSS vs 25.0. Multivariate analysis was performed using a generalized linear model for repeated measures to determine the relationship of risk factors with functionality and quality of life. RESULTS: Functionality showed significant differences (p<0.001) between baseline measurement and one month (90 points vs 50); baseline and at twelve months (90 vs 60 points); and that of the month and at twelve months (50 points vs 60). Quality of life also presented significant differences (p<0.001) between baseline and one month (0.587 vs 0.113); and baseline and twelve months (0.220). The functionality should be in transfused and with high surgical risk (p<0.05) and the quality of life will arrive in high surgical risk (p=0.017). Those older than 85 years were the ones who recovered the least after one year, as well as patients with delirium on admission and those who received transfusions. Patients with iron therapy recovered better at six months compared to those who did not and maintained this improvement at twelve months. CONCLUSIONS: Among the main risk factors are advanced age, male sex, transfused, high surgical risk, delirium on admission and malnutrition.

OBJETIVO: La fractura de cadera (FC) en mayores de 65 años conlleva alta mortalidad y una disminución de la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida al año. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar factores de riesgo que influyeran en la funcionalidad (Barthel) y en la calidad de vida (EQ-5D) en mayores de 65 años con FC osteoporótica. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo en mayores de 65 años con FC entre octubre de 2017 y noviembre de 2018. Desde la historia clínica digital se recogió la información clínica y telefónicamente se midieron las escalas en cuatro momentos: basal, un mes, seis meses y doce meses. El análisis estadístico se efectuó mediante el programa informático SPSS (versión 25.0). Se realizó análisis multivariante mediante un modelo lineal generalizado para medidas repetidas para determinar la relación de los factores de riesgo con la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida. RESULTADOS: La funcionalidad presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001) entre la medición basal y al mes (90 puntos frente a 50), la basal y a los doce meses (90 frente a 60 puntos), y la del mes y a los doce meses (50 puntos frente a 60). La calidad de vida también presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001) entre el basal y al mes (0,587 frente a 0,113) y la basal y a los doce meses (0,220). La funcionalidad disminuyó en transfundidos y con riesgo quirúrgico alto (p<0,05) y la calidad de vida decreció en riesgo quirúrgico alto (p=0,017). Los mayores de 85 años fueron los que menos recuperaron al año, al igual que los pacientes con delirium al ingreso y los transfundidos. Los pacientes con ferroterapia se recuperaron mejor a los seis meses respecto a los que no y mantuvieron esta mejoría a los doce meses. CONCLUSIONES: Entre los principales factores de riesgo están la edad avanzada, el sexo masculino, ser transfundidos, el riesgo quirúrgico alto, el delirium al ingreso y la desnutrición.

Factores de riesgo relacionadoscon la funcionalidad y la calidadde vida en mayores de 65 añoscon fractura de cadera / Risk factors related to functionality and quality of life in people over 65 years of age with hip fracture

FUNDAMENTOS: La fractura de cadera (FC) en mayores de 65 años conlleva alta mortalidad y una disminución de la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida al año. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar factores de riesgo que influyeran en la funcionalidad (Barthel) y en la calidad de vida (EQ-5D) en mayores de 65 años con FC osteoporótica. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo en mayores de 65 años con FC entre octubre de 2017 y noviembre de 2018. Desde la historia clínica digital se recogió la información clínica y telefónicamente se midieron las escalas en cuatro momentos: basal, un mes, seis meses y doce meses. El análisis estadístico se efectuó mediante el programa informático SPSS (versión 25.0). Se realizó análisis multivariante mediante un modelo lineal generalizado para medidas repetidas para determinar la relación de los factores de riesgo con la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida. RESULTADOS: La funcionalidad presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001) entre la medición basal y al mes (90 puntos frente a 50), la basal y a los doce meses (90 frente a 60 puntos), y la del mes y a los doce meses (50 puntos frente a 60). La calidad de vida también presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001) entre el basal y al mes (0,587 frente a 0,113) y la basal y a los doce meses (0,220). La funcionalidad disminuyó en transfundidos y con riesgo quirúrgico alto (p<0,05) y la calidad de vida decreció en riesgo quirúrgico alto (p=0,017). Los mayores de 85 años fueron los que menos recuperaron al año, al igual que los pacientes con delirium al ingreso y los transfundidos. Los pacientes con ferroterapia se recuperaron mejor a los seis meses respecto a los que no y mantuvieron esta mejoría a los doce meses. CONCLUSIONES: Entre los principales factores de riesgo están la edad avanzada, el sexo masculino, ser transfundidos, el riesgo quirúrgico alto, el delirium al ingreso y la desnutrición.(AU)

BACKGROUND: Hip fracture (HF) in the elderly carries high mortality and decreases functionality and quality of life after one year. The aim of this paper was to identify risk factors that influenced functionality (Barthel) and quality of life (EQ-5D) of the elderly with osteoporotic HF. METHODS: A prospective observational study was made in people over 65 years of age with HF between October 2017 and November 2018. Clinical information was collected from the digital medical record and the scales were measured by telephone at four times: baseline, one month, six months and twelve months. Statistical analysis was made thanks to SPSS vs 25.0. Multivariate analysis was performed using a generalized linear model for repeated measures to determine the relationship of risk factors with functionality and quality of life. RESULTS: Functionality showed significant differences (p<0.001) between baseline measurement and one month (90 points vs 50); baseline and at twelve months (90 vs 60 points); and that of the month and at twelve months (50 points vs 60). Quality of life also presented significant differences (p<0.001) between baseline and one month (0.587 vs 0.113); and baseline and twelve months (0.220). The functionality should be in transfused and with high surgical risk (p<0.05) and the quality of life will arrive in high surgical risk (p=0.017). Those older than 85 years were the ones who recovered the least after one year, as well as patients with delirium on admission and those who received transfusions. Patients with iron therapy recovered better at six months compared to those who did not and maintained this improvement at twelve months. CONCLUSIONS: Among the main risk factors are advanced age, male sex, transfused, high surgical risk, delirium on admission and malnutrition.(AU)

[Influence of early hip fracture surgery in the elderly on mortality, readmissions, dependence and quality of life.] / Influencia de la cirugía precoz de la fractura de cadera en ancianos en la mortalidad, los reingresos, la dependencia y la calidad de vida.

OBJECTIVE: In spite of technical advances, hip fracture causes high mortality in the elderly. We wanted to know early surgery influence to mortality during admission, one year and after five years, as well as readmissions at one month and one year. We also wanted to know how dependence and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) evolved in the twelve months of follow-up and what factors were associated with poor patient evolution. METHODS: A prospective observational study was made in patients over 65 years of age treated for osteoporotic hip fracture in a level III hospital between 2010- 2012, with consecutive sampling. We evaluated functionality (Barthel) and quality of life (EuroQol-5D) basal (before fracture), within 30 days, within six and twelve months; readmissions within the 30 days and within one year; and mortality during admission; within one and five years. We used the statistical program SPSS Version 25.0 for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: We followed 327 patients of 82.9 (SD: 6.9) years of means, 258 (78.9%) were women. Fifty-four (45.9%) were treated within 24 hours and 237 (72.5%) within 48 hours. They returned 14 (4.3%) within the 30 days and 44 (13.5%) within the one year. There were 8 deaths during admission (2.4%) and 61 (19.2%) in the first year and 185 (54,6%) within five years. The pre-fracture quality of life was 0.43 median (0.24-0.74), at the month 0.15 (0.07-0.28), at six months 0.26 (0, 13-0.59) and at twelve 0.24 (0.15-0.58). The previous functionality was 85.0 (55.0-100) at the month 35.0 (20.0-60.0) and 60.0 (25.0-85.0) at six and twelve months. There were significant differences between all visits except between six and twelve months. CONCLUSIONS: The patients get worse significantly at the month of surgery and recover in the six months, remaining at twelve, without reaching the baseline value. The results in mortality and readmissions per year are worse for men and older. Early surgery does not reduce mortality, but re-admissions to the year.

OBJETIVO: A pesar de los avances técnicos, la fractura de cadera conlleva una alta mortalidad en ancianos. Con este estudio se deseó conocer cómo influía la cirugía precoz en la mortalidad durante el ingreso, al año y tras cinco años, así como en los reingresos al mes y al año. También se quiso conocer cómo evolucionaban la dependencia y la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) en los doce meses de seguimiento y qué factores se asociaban a una mala evolución del paciente. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo en mayores de 65 años intervenidos por fractura de cadera osteoporótica en un hospital de nivel III, entre 2010 y 2012, con un muestreo consecutivo. Se evaluaron los siguientes factores: funcionalidad (Barthel); calidad de vida (EuroQol-5D) previa, al mes, a los seis y doce meses; reingresos al mes y al año; y mortalidad al ingreso, al año y a los cinco años. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS Versión 25.0. RESULTADOS: Se siguieron 327 pacientes de 82,9 (SD: 6,9) años de media, de los que 258 (78,9%) fueron mujeres. Se intervinieron 150 (45,9%) en las primeras 24 horas y 237 (72,5%) en las primeras 48 horas. Reingresaron 14 (4,3%) al mes y 44 (13,5%) al año. Hubo 8 muertes intraepisodio (2,4%), 61 (19,2%) al año y 185 (54,6%) a los cinco años. La calidad de vida previa a la fractura fue de 0,43 de mediana (0,24-0,74), 0,15 (0,07-0,28) al mes, 0,26 (0,13-0,59) a los seis meses y 0,24 (0,15-0,58) a los doce meses. La funcionalidad basal fue de 85 (55,0-100), 35 (20,0-60,0) al mes y 60 (25,0-85,0) a los seis y doce meses. Existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre todas las visitas excepto a los seis y doce meses. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes empeoran notablemente al mes de la cirugía, recuperándose a los seis meses y manteniéndose a los doce, sin alcanzar el valor basal. Los resultados en mortalidad y reingresos al año son peores para los hombres y los más mayores. La cirugía precoz no disminuye la mortalidad, pero sí los reingresos al año.

Influencia de la cirugía precoz de la fractura de cadera en ancianos en la mortalidad, los reingresos, la dependencia y la calidad de vida / Influence of early hip fracture surgery in the elderly on mortality, readmissions, dependence and quality of life

OBJETIVO: A pesar de los avances técnicos, la fractura de cadera conlleva una alta mortalidad en ancianos. Con este estudio se deseó conocer cómo influía la cirugía precoz en la mortalidad durante el ingreso, al año y tras cinco años, así como en los reingresos al mes y al año. También se quiso conocer cómo evolucionaban la dependencia y la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) en los doce meses de seguimiento y qué factores se asociaban a una mala evolución del paciente. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo en mayores de 65 años intervenidos por fractura de cadera osteoporótica en un hospital de nivel III, entre 2010 y 2012, con un muestreo consecutivo. Se evaluaron los siguientes factores: funcionalidad (Barthel); calidad de vida (EuroQol-5D) previa, al mes, a los seis y doce meses; reingresos al mes y al año; y mortalidad al ingreso, al año y a los cinco años. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS Versión 25.0. RESULTADOS: Se siguieron 327 pacientes de 82,9 (SD: 6,9) años de media, de los que 258 (78,9%) fueron mujeres. Se intervinieron 150 (45,9%) en las primeras 24 horas y 237 (72,5%) en las primeras 48 horas. Reingresaron 14 (4,3%) al mes y 44 (13,5%) al año. Hubo 8 muertes intraepisodio (2,4%), 61 (19,2%) al año y 185 (54,6%) a los cinco años. La calidad de vida previa a la fractura fue de 0,43 de mediana (0,24-0,74), 0,15 (0,07-0,28) al mes, 0,26 (0,13-0,59) a los seis meses y 0,24 (0,15-0,58) a los doce meses. La funcionalidad basal fue de 85 (55,0-100), 35 (20,0-60,0) al mes y 60 (25,0-85,0) a los seis y doce meses. Existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre todas las visitas excepto a los seis y doce meses. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes empeoran notablemente al mes de la cirugía, recuperándose a los seis meses y manteniéndose a los doce, sin alcanzar el valor basal. Los resultados en mortalidad y reingresos al año son peores para los hombres y los más mayores. La cirugía precoz no disminuye la mortalidad, pero sí los reingresos al año

OBJECTIVE: In spite of technical advances, hip fracture causes high mortality in the elderly. We wanted to know early surgery influence to mortality during admission, one year and after five years, as well as readmissions at one month and one year. We also wanted to know how dependence and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) evolved in the twelve months of follow-up and what factors were associated with poor patient evolution. METHODS: A prospective observational study was made in patients over 65 years of age treated for osteoporotic hip fracture in a level III hospital between 2010- 2012, with consecutive sampling. We evaluated functionality (Barthel) and quality of life (EuroQol-5D) basal (before fracture), within 30 days, within six and twelve months; readmissions within the 30 days and within one year; and mortality during admission; within one and five years. We used the statistical program SPSS Version 25.0 for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: We followed 327 patients of 82.9 (SD: 6.9) years of means, 258 (78.9%) were women. Fifty-four (45.9%) were treated within 24 hours and 237 (72.5%) within 48 hours. They returned 14 (4.3%) within the 30 days and 44 (13.5%) within the one year. There were 8 deaths during admission (2.4%) and 61 (19.2%) in the first year and 185 (54,6%) within five years. The pre-fracture quality of life was 0.43 median (0.24-0.74), at the month 0.15 (0.07-0.28), at six months 0.26 (0, 13-0.59) and at twelve 0.24 (0.15-0.58). The previous functionality was 85.0 (55.0-100) at the month 35.0 (20.0-60.0) and 60.0 (25.0-85.0) at six and twelve months. There were significant differences between all visits except between six and twelve months. CONCLUSIONS: The patients get worse significantly at the month of surgery and recover in the six months, remaining at twelve, without reaching the baseline value. The results in mortality and readmissions per year are worse for men and older. Early surgery does not reduce mortality, but re-admissions to the year

Efectividad de una estrategia de intervención en el patrón de prescripción del biosimilar glargina en atención primaria / Effectiveness of an intervention strategy in the biosimilar glargine prescription pattern in primary care

Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto de una estrategia de intervención en el patrón de prescripción de la insulina glargina biosimilar (IGBio) respecto al compuesto de referencia y analizar la influencia del perfil del prescriptor y su repercusión económica. Diseño: Estudio cuasiexperimental de tipo antes/después, con un grupo control. Emplazamiento: Dos áreas de gestión sanitaria (AGS) de Sevilla: AGS Sur (área intervención) y AGS Osuna (área control). Participantes: La totalidad de los médicos de atención primaria de cada área: 220 y 100, respectivamente. Intervención: Se realizaron sesiones formativas, se envió un boletín farmacoterapéutico e informes de retroalimentación mensual durante los 6meses tras la intervención formativa. El estudio fue llevado a cabo desde la comercialización del biosimilar, en octubre de 2015, hasta febrero de 2016 (pre-intervención) y desde febrero hasta agosto de 2016 (intervención). Mediciones principales: Los indicadores analizados han sido porcentaje de pacientes y porcentaje de dosis diaria definida (DDD) con IGBio respecto al total y el coste. Los médicos han sido analizados por subgrupos de edad, sexo, formación, tipo de contrato, años de experiencia y cupo. Resultados principales: Ambos indicadores aumentan al mismo nivel en ambas áreas antes de la intervención. Sin embargo, después de la intervención fueron significativamente diferentes entre las áreas (p < 0,0005), intervalo de confianza al 95% (2,5-4,7). La razón del porcentaje de incremento relativo acumulado de ambas variables entre áreas fue 3,73 veces mayor tras la intervención. En el área intervención no se encontraron diferencias para los subgrupos de médicos evaluados. Conclusiones: Estrategias encaminadas a la formación/información, así como el seguimiento a los profesionales sanitarios, inciden en el patrón de prescripción y pueden tener una repercusión económica. Nuestros resultados no se han visto influenciados por el perfil del prescriptor

Objectives: To examine the effects of specific interventions on biosimilar glargine insulin (BGI) prescribing in general practices and to analyse the influence of prescriber and economic impact. Design: Non randomized controlled study. Setting: General practices in 2 health areas of Seville, intervention and control group. Participants: 220 general practices (intervention group) and 100 general practices (control group). Intervention: Intervention group received educational seminars on biosimilar drugs, pharmacotherapeutic bulletin and prescribing feedback. The study was carried out from the biosimilar commercialization, October-2015, to February-2016 (pre-intervention) and from February to August 2016 (intervention). Main measurements: Percentage of patients and DDD with BGI respect to total glargine before and during intervention for both areas were analysed. Physicians have been analysed by subgroups of age, sex, training, type of contract, years of experience and quota. Main results: Both indicators for intervention group were significantly greater than for control group (P < .0005), with a 95% confidence interval (2.5-4.7). The ratio of the percentage of cumulative increase of both variables between areas was 3.73 times higher after the intervention. No differences were found for the evaluated categories of physicians in the intervention group. Conclusions: Intervention strategies aimed at training and information, as well as monitoring health professionals, influence the pattern of prescription and can have an economic impact. Our results have not been influenced by the profile of the prescriber

[Effectiveness of an intervention strategy in the biosimilar glargine prescription pattern in primary care]. / Efectividad de una estrategia de intervención en el patrón de prescripción del biosimilar glargina en atención primaria.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of specific interventions on biosimilar glargine insulin (BGI) prescribing in general practices and to analyse the influence of prescriber and economic impact. DESIGN: Non randomized controlled study. SETTING: General practices in 2 health areas of Seville, intervention and control group. PARTICIPANTS: 220 general practices (intervention group) and 100 general practices (control group). INTERVENTION: Intervention group received educational seminars on biosimilar drugs, pharmacotherapeutic bulletin and prescribing feedback. The study was carried out from the biosimilar commercialization, October-2015, to February-2016 (pre-intervention) and from February to August 2016 (intervention). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Percentage of patients and DDD with BGI respect to total glargine before and during intervention for both areas were analysed. Physicians have been analysed by subgroups of age, sex, training, type of contract, years of experience and quota. MAIN RESULTS: Both indicators for intervention group were significantly greater than for control group (P<.0005), with a 95% confidence interval (2.5-4.7). The ratio of the percentage of cumulative increase of both variables between areas was 3.73 times higher after the intervention. No differences were found for the evaluated categories of physicians in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Intervention strategies aimed at training and information, as well as monitoring health professionals, influence the pattern of prescription and can have an economic impact. Our results have not been influenced by the profile of the prescriber.

Reducing pressure ulcers in patients with prolonged acute mechanical ventilation: a quasi-experimental study. / Diminuição das úlceras por pressão em pacientes com ventilação mecânica aguda prolongada: um estudo quasi-experimental.

OBJECTIVE:: To determine the effectiveness of a quality management program in reducing the incidence and severity of pressure ulcers in critical care patients. METHODS:: This was a quasi-experimental, before-and-after study that was conducted in a medical-surgical intensive care unit. Consecutive patients who had received mechanical ventilation for ≥ 96 hours were included. A "Process Improvement" team designed a multifaceted interventional process that consisted of an educational session, a pressure ulcer checklist, a smartphone application for lesion monitoring and decision-making, and a "family prevention bundle". RESULTS:: Fifty-five patients were included in Pre-I group, and 69 were included in the Post-I group, and the incidence of pressure ulcers in these groups was 41 (75%) and 37 (54%), respectively. The median time for pressure ulcers to develop was 4.5 [4 - 5] days in the Pre-I group and 9 [6 - 20] days in the Post-I group after admission for each period. The incidence of advanced-grade pressure ulcers was 27 (49%) in the Pre-I group and 7 (10%) in the Post-I group, and finally, the presence of pressure ulcers at discharge was 38 (69%) and 18 (26%), respectively (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Family participation totaled 9% in the Pre-I group and increased to 57% in the Post-I group (p < 0.05). A logistic regression model was used to analyze the predictors of advanced-grade pressure ulcers. The duration of mechanical ventilation and the presence of organ failure were positively associated with the development of pressure ulcers, while the multifaceted intervention program acted as a protective factor. CONCLUSION:: A quality program based on both a smartphone application and family participation can reduce the incidence and severity of pressure ulcers in patients on prolonged acute mechanical ventilation.

Diminuição das úlceras por pressão em pacientes com ventilação mecânica aguda prolongada: um estudo quasi-experimental / Reducing pressure ulcers in patients with prolonged acute mechanical ventilation: a quasi-experimental study

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a eficácia de um programa de gestão da qualidade para reduzir a incidência e a gravidade de úlceras por pressão em pacientes de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo com metodologia quasi-experimental, antes-e-depois, conduzido em uma unidade de terapia intensiva clínica e cirúrgica. Incluíram-se os pacientes consecutivos que receberam ventilação mecânica por um período igual ou superior a 96 horas. Uma equipe de Melhoria de Processos delineou um processo de intervenção multifacetado, que consistiu de uma sessão educacional, uma lista de verificação de úlcera de pressão, um aplicativo para smartphone para monitoramento de lesões e um conjunto de normas de tomada de decisão, além de prevenção familiar. Resultados: O Grupo Pré-I incluiu 25 pacientes, e o Grupo Pós-I foi constituído por 69 pacientes. A incidência de úlcera de pressão nestes grupos foi de 41 (75%) e 37 (54%), respectivamente. O tempo mediano para o desenvolvimento das úlceras por pressão foi de 4,5 (4-5) dias no Grupo Pré-I e 9 (6-20) dias no Grupo Pós-I após a admissão para cada um dos períodos. A incidência de úlceras por pressão de grau avançado foi de 27 (49%) no Grupo Pré-I e 7 (10%) no Grupo Pós-I. A presença de úlceras por pressão na alta foi de 38 (69%) e 18 (26%), respectivamente, para os Grupos Pré-I e Pós-I (p < 0,05 para todas as comparações). A participação da família totalizou 9% no Grupo Pré-I e aumentou para 57% no Grupo Pós-I (p < 0,05). Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão logística para analisar os preditores de úlcera de pressão com grau avançado. A duração da ventilação mecânica e a presença de falência de órgão associaram-se positivamente com o desenvolvimento de úlceras por pressão, enquanto o programa multifacetado de intervenção atuou como fator de proteção. Conclusão: Um programa de qualidade, com base em um aplicativo para smartphone e na participação da família, pode reduzir a incidência e a gravidade de úlceras por pressão em pacientes com ventilação mecânica aguda prolongada.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a quality management program in reducing the incidence and severity of pressure ulcers in critical care patients. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental, before-and-after study that was conducted in a medical-surgical intensive care unit. Consecutive patients who had received mechanical ventilation for ≥ 96 hours were included. A "Process Improvement" team designed a multifaceted interventional process that consisted of an educational session, a pressure ulcer checklist, a smartphone application for lesion monitoring and decision-making, and a "family prevention bundle". Results: Fifty-five patients were included in Pre-I group, and 69 were included in the Post-I group, and the incidence of pressure ulcers in these groups was 41 (75%) and 37 (54%), respectively. The median time for pressure ulcers to develop was 4.5 [4 - 5] days in the Pre-I group and 9 [6 - 20] days in the Post-I group after admission for each period. The incidence of advanced-grade pressure ulcers was 27 (49%) in the Pre-I group and 7 (10%) in the Post-I group, and finally, the presence of pressure ulcers at discharge was 38 (69%) and 18 (26%), respectively (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Family participation totaled 9% in the Pre-I group and increased to 57% in the Post-I group (p < 0.05). A logistic regression model was used to analyze the predictors of advanced-grade pressure ulcers. The duration of mechanical ventilation and the presence of organ failure were positively associated with the development of pressure ulcers, while the multifaceted intervention program acted as a protective factor. Conclusion: A quality program based on both a smartphone application and family participation can reduce the incidence and severity of pressure ulcers in patients on prolonged acute mechanical ventilation.

Do chronic myeloid leukemia patients with late "warning" responses benefit from "watch and wait" or switching therapy to a second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor?

In the latest recommendations for the management of chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia suboptimal responses have been reclassified as "warning responses." In contrast to previous recommendations current guidance advises close monitoring without changing therapy. We have identified 198 patients treated with first-line imatinib, with a warning response after 12 months of treatment (patients with a complete cytogenetic response but no major molecular response [MMR]). One hundred and forty-six patients remained on imatinib, while 52 patients changed treatment to a second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (2GTKI). Changing therapy did not correlate with an increase in overall survival or progression-free survival. Nevertheless, a significant improvement was observed in the probability of a MMR: 24% vs. 42% by 12 months and 43% vs. 64% by 24 months (P = 0.002); as well as the probability of achieving a deep molecular responses (MR(4.5) ): 1% vs. 17% and 7% vs. 23% by 12 and 24 months, respectively (P = <0.001) .The treatment change to 2GTKI remained safe; however, we have observed a 19% of treatment discontinuation due to side effects. We have observed an improvement of molecular responses after changing treatment to 2GTKI in patients with late suboptimal response treated with imatinib first line. However, these benefits were not correlated with an improvement of progression free survival or overall survival.

Valores interprofesionales en enfermeras y estudiantes de Enfermería / Interprofessional values in nurses and Nursing students

OBJETIVOS: determinar cómo evalúan los profesionales enfermeros los valores deontológicos, y las diferencias entre estos y los estudiantes de Enfermería; así como identificar si dicha evaluación se ve modificada según sean los valores compartidos o no entre las profesiones sanitarias. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo transversal en los profesionales enfermeros de dos hospitales de Sevilla (n= 227) y en los estudiantes de Enfermería del Centro Universitario de Enfermería San Juan de Dios adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla (n= 200). Se aplicó el cuestionario anónimo sobre la Estimación Axiológica de los Valores Profesionales de Galán González-Serna. Se calcularon índices de estadística descriptiva y se aplicaron test de contraste de hipótesis (Ji-cuadrada, test exacto de Fisher, U de Mann-Whitney) para los análisis bivariantesy la prueba de Wilcoxon para las comparaciones intrasujeto. RESULTADOS: la tasa de respuesta fue de 53,13% (n= 277). Los valores más puntuados, tanto en obligatoriedad como en importancia según su interprofesionalidad, fueron: equidad y acogida. Los menos, abnegación, altruismo y autonomía profesional. Los profesionales enfermeros estimaron la obligatoriedad de los valores más que los estudiantes (p < 0,001) y estos los estiman más importantes para los fines de la profesión que lo hicieron los profesionales (p< 0,001). Los valores del grupo de valores compartidos con otros códigos deontológicos se consideraron más obligatorios (p< 0,001) e importantes (p< 0,001) que los no compartidos. CONCLUSIONES: se evidencia la obligatoriedad e importancia de los valores interprofesionales compartidos e incluidos en los distintos códigos deontológicos. Se encontraron diferencias de apreciación axiológica entre los estudiantes y los profesionales de Enfermería

OBJECTIVES: to determine how nursing professionals assess the values of ethics, and the differences between said professionals and Nursing students; also to identify whether said assessment will be modified depending on whether values are shared or not among the healthcare professions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: transversal descriptive study among nursing professionals in two Seville hospitals (n= 227) and with Nursing students from the Centro Universitario de Enfermería San Juan de Dios, affiliated with the University of Seville (n= 200). The anonymous questionnaire on Axiological Estimation of Professional Values by Galan González-Serna was applied. Indexes of descriptive statistics were calculated, and tests of hypothesis contrast were applied(Square-Ji, Fisher's Exact Test, Mann-Whitney's U) for bivariate analyses,while the Wilcoxon Test was used for intrasubject comparison. RESULTS: response rate was 53.13% (n= 277). The values with the highest scores, both in terms of being mandatory and their importance according to interprofessionality were: equity and reception. The least scored were: abnegation, altruism, and professional independence. Nursing professionals assigned a higher value to mandatory valuesthan students (p< 0.001), while these assigned a higher importance to these values for professional aims than professionals (p < 0.001). The values of the group of values shared with other codes of ethics were considered more mandatory (p< 0.001) and important (p < 0.001) than those not shared. CONCLUSIONS: the mandatory quality and importance of those interprofessional values shared and included in different Codes of Ethics is pointed out. There were differences in axiological interpretation between students and Nursing professionals