Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function of Eupatorium adenophora Spreng leaves (EASL) on human intestinal Caco-2 cells treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide.

Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) pose a significant public health challenge. Addressing this issue, there has been a notable breakthrough in the prevention and mitigation of NCDs through the use of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we aim to explore the effectiveness of Eupatorium adenophora Spreng leaves (EASL) as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, and its potential applications. To construct a cellular model of oxidative damage and inflammation, Caco-2 cells were treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). The biocompatibility of EASL-AE with Caco-2 cells was assessed using the MTT assay, while compatibility was further verified by measuring LDH release and the protective effect against oxidative damage was also assessed using the MTT assay. Additionally, we measured intracellular oxidative stress indicators such as ROS and 8-OHdG, as well as inflammatory pathway signalling protein NFκB and inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1ß using ELISA, to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of EASL-AE. The scavenging capacity of EASL-AE against free radicals was determined through the DPPH Assay and ABTS Assay. Furthermore, we measured the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total polysaccharide contents using common chemical methods. The chemical composition of EASL-AE was analyzed using the LC-MS/MS technique. Our findings demonstrate that EASL-AE is biocompatible with Caco-2 cells and non-toxic at experimental levels. Moreover, EASL-AE exhibits a significant protective effect on Caco-2 cells subjected to oxidative damage. The antioxidant effect of EASL-AE involves the scavenging of intracellular ROS, while its anti-inflammatory effect is achieved by down-regulation of the NFκB pathway. Which in turn reduces the release of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1ß. Through LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified 222 compounds in EASL-AE, among which gentianic acid, procaine and L-tyrosine were the compounds with high antioxidant capacity and may be the effective constituent for EASL-AE with antioxidant activity. These results suggest that EASL-AE is a natural and high-quality antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomaterial that warrants further investigation. It holds great potential for applications in healthcare and other related fields.

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer function of Engleromyces goetzei Henn aqueous extract on human intestinal Caco-2 cells treated with t-BHP.

High body mass index (high BMI, obesity) is a serious public health problem, and "obesity-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer" have become modern epidemic diseases. We carried out this study to explore a functional beverage that may protect against obesity-induced diseases. The Engleromyces goetzei Henn herbal tea is such a candidate. For this study, we carried out LC-MS analysis of E. goetzei Henn aqueous extract (EgH-AE); then used the Caco-2 cell line for the model cells and treated the cells with t-BHP to form an oxidative stress system. An MTT assay was used for testing the biocompatibility and cytoprotective effects; reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde determination was used for evaluating the antioxidative stress effect; TNF-α and IL-1ß were used for observing the anti-inflammatory effect, and 8-OHdG for monitoring anticancer activity. The results of this study demonstrate that the EgH-AE has very good biocompatibility with the Caco-2 cell line and has good cytoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. It is clear that EgH-AE, a kind of ancient herbal tea, may be used to develop a functional beverage that can be given to people with a high BMI to protect against obesity-induced diseases.

Decitabine Enhances the Sensitivity of Leukemia Stem Cell to Allo-NK Cell-Mediated Killing / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the allo-NK cell-mediated killing effect enhanced by decitabine on leukemia stem cells(LSC) and the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>LSC were separated from KG1a cells by using immunomagnetic beads. Allo-NK cells were isolated and purified from PBMC of healthy donors. Cytotoxicity of allo-NK cells against LSC were measured by LDH releasing assay. The apoptosis induced by allo-NK cells in LSC and the expressions of NKG2D ligands including MICA/B and ULBP1-3 on LSC were detected by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The killing rate of allo-NK cells to LSC treated with 10 µmol/L decitabine for 24 hours was significant higher than that to LSC without treatment(60.52%±3.52% vs 22.08%±2.07%, 73.93%±2.33% vs 28. 99%±3.13%, 83.08%±1.32% vs 36.44%±2.40%, respectively)at the effector-target ratios of 5:1, 10:1, 20:1 (P<0.05). At the effector-target ratio of 10:1, decitabine significantly enhanced the apoptosis of LSC induced by allo-NK cells (7.84%±0.34% vs 3.33%±0.64%)(P<0.05). The expressions of NKG2D ligands(MICA/B,ULBP1,ULBP2,ULBP3) on LSC treated with decitabine 10 µmol/L for 24 hours were significantly increased (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Decitabine may enhance the allo-NK cell-mediated killing effects on LSC by up-regulation of the expressions of NKG2D ligands on LSC.</p>

Drug resistance of leukemic stem cells mediated by hedgehog signaling pathway / 中国实验血液学杂志

Drug resistance and relapse are the major challenge for current treatment of acute leukemia. It is critical for ultimately curing leukemia to overcome chemoresistance of leukemic stem cells (LSC) and to eradicate LSC. Recent studies have found that abnormal activated Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays an important role in a wide variety of tumors and regulates multi-drug resistance of LSC. This review briefly summarizes the molecular mechanism of HH signal pathway inducing drug resistance of LSC and leading to novel strategies for eradicating LSC.

Cytotoxicity of allogenetic natural killer cells against CD34+ acute myelogenous leukemia cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the cytotoxic effect of allogenetic natural killer (NK) cells in vitro on human CD34+ acute myelogenous leukemia cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CD34 expression on acute myelogenous leukemia KG1a cells was detected by flow cytometry. KG1a cells were co-cultured at different effector-to-target (E:T) ratios with NK cells isolated from 5 healthy individuals using magnetic cell sorting. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay was employed to examine the cytolysis of KG1a cells in the co-culture, and the inhibition rate of the KG1a cell colony formation in methylcellulose was determined with K562 cells sensitive to NK cells as the control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A expression rate as much as (98.0-/+1.1)% was detected for CD34 antigen on KG1a cells, and the isolated NK cells (CD3(-)CD16+CD56+ cells) had a purity of (93.2-/+3.7)% after magnetic cell sorting. Allogenetic NK cells exhibited obvious cytotoxicity and colony inhibition in vitro against KG1a cells at different E:T ratios, and the effects were significantly enhanced as the E:T ratios increased (P<0.05). At the same E:T ratio, the cytotoxicity and colony inhibition rate of allogenetic NK cells against KG1a cells was lower than those against K562 cells (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Allogenetic NK cells exhibit obvious cytotoxicity and colony formation against CD34+ acute myelogenous leukemia cells.</p>

[Removal of oil in the lake water in Daqing area using subsurface constructed wetland].

Based on the water quality and climate of the oil contaminated lake in Daqing area, four simulated subsurface wetland systems were constructed in the field to study their removal effect of oil in lake water, including the gravel bed, the gravel-reed bed, the slag-reed bed and the slag bed. The research lasted about 360 d, including five periods: the start up period, the microorganism adding period, the slow-releasing carbon sources adding period, the low temperature period and the normal operation period. During the study, oil removal efficiency of the four units are 24.7%,28.4%, 45.9% and 42.9% respectirely, and the slag unit shows better than gravel unit. The adding of microorganism and slow-releasing carbon sources markedly improves the oil removal. The application of plant in the wetland system also promotes the oil removal. In all the four simulated subsurface wetland systems, 70% of the oil removal attributes to the adsorption effect.

Involvement of mitochondria apoptotic pathway in the manumycin inducing apoptosis of U937 and HL-60 / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the apoptosis induced by manumycin in U937 and HL-60 cell lines, and to explore the role of mitochondria apoptotic pathway in manumycin-inducing apoptosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Leukemic cells line U937 and HL-60 were treated by manumycin at 2 micromol/L for different time. Apoptosis of leukemia cells was detected by flow cytometry. The cytosolic proteins were extracted using a digitonin buffer. The protein expression of cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 were determined by western blot. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In U937 and HL-60 cells, manumycin induced mitochondrial depolarization after 6 h treatment. The average red/green fluorescence ratios at 6 h were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than those at time 0, being 0.51 +/- 0.07 and 0.41 +/- 0.06 for control group respectively. Manumycin induced cytochrome C release from the mitochondria into the cytosol after 6 h treatment, and activated caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 after a 16h treatment. The broad-spectrum caspase-inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk at 50 micromol/L was able to inhibit caspase cleavage completely, but only reduced the manumycin-induced apoptosis rates by 51.69% and 56.47% in U937 and HL-60, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Manumycin induced apoptosis in U937 and HL-60 cell lines via mitochondria apoptotic pathway.</p>

[Relationships between loading rates and nitrogen removal effectiveness in subsurface constructed wetlands].

About forty kinds of nitrogen loading removal rate were studied in field in 15 months, inflow and outflow loading rules of reeds/Zizania caduciflora/mixing and no-plant bed were discussed in different inflow loading. The four kinds SFS inflow loading changed from 400 mg x (m2 x d)(-1) to 8 000 mg x (m2d)(-1), while outflow loading is less than 7,000 mg (m2 d)(-1). Results show that outflow loading increase with the increase of inflow loading, linear relation is obvious. Total nitrogen removal rate has the same trend at low inflow loading. But in high inflow loading TN removal rate has much variation. The system had better run between 2,000 mg x (m2 x d)(-1) and 4,000 mg x (m2 x d)( -1) inflow loading. Average removal rate in between 1062 mg x (m2 x d)(-1) and 2 007 mg x (m2 x d)(-1). Plant SFS removal rate is better than no-plant SFS. TN removal rate of reed and zizania caduciflora bed is 63 % and 27 % higher than no-plant bed. Plant harvesting is unimportant and contributes less than 5% of TN removal loading, plant can improve system microenviroment and hydrology condition which could increase TN removal rate. The results provided deep insight to SFS nitrogen removal and reference to SFS design.

[Effects of plants on nitrogen/phosphorus removal in subsurface constructed wetlands].

Effects of plants on nitrogen/phosphorus removal was studied in pilot-scale in subsurface constructed wetland, the main contents included nutrient uptake, effects of harvesting and roots on hydraulic condition. The result show that the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous removed by plant harvesting is about 5% of the total removed nutrients in SFS wetlands. The best harvesting periods is between 9-10 month every year. Plant harvesting may induce fluctuation of outflow; aboveground biomass can stabilize micro-environmental of roots. The roots can also improve hydraulic condition of SFS system, decreasing dead area 5 % - 10 % and extending hydraulic retention time.