RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cycloxygenase (COX)-2 has been associated with proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis in urothelial cancer. The prognostic significance of COX-2 in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy for urothelial cancer was examined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Expression of COX-2, p53, ki67, beta-catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) were studied retrospectively in 59 patients with urothelial cancer (pT3, pT4, N+) who had undergone surgery. The patients had subsequently received adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: Thirty-eight out of 59 cases (64%) were positive for COX-2. COX-2 was not associated either with progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). MVD levels > or =47 were associated with longer median PFS compared with lower levels (not reached vs. 13 months [95% CI: 8-18], p=0.048). The median PFS for patients with beta-catenin nuclear accumulation and COX-2 expression was 6 months (95% CI: 4-7) compared with 19 months (95% CI: 14-23) for neither or only one of these factors (p=0.018). CONCLUSION: MVD may be a useful indicator of relapse in high-risk urothelial cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/metabolismo , Ciclooxigenasa 2/biosíntesis , Neoplasias Urológicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Urológicas/metabolismo , beta Catenina/biosíntesis , Adulto , Anciano , Carboplatino/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/irrigación sanguínea , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica/patología , Paclitaxel/administración & dosificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Urológicas/irrigación sanguíneaRESUMEN
Ectopic ACTH secretion due to occult carcinoid tumours is an occasional cause of ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome. In many cases the ectopic source may be obvious, but sometimes no obvious source is evident, the so-called occult ectopic syndrome. Due to their small size, localization of such occult tumours, particularly bronchial carcinoids, may be extremely difficult. Whole body CT and venous sampling studies have been used but are not always successful in determining the site of such lesions. We report a 40-year-old patient with the ectopic ACTH syndrome due to a 0.6-cm bronchial carcinoid tumour which was successfully localized by 111indium-DTPA labelled octreotide scintigraphy.
