Changes in splenic tissue and immune response profile of Schistosoma mansoni infected mice submitted to chronic ethanol intake.

In Schistosoma mansoni infection, the spleen is one of the organs affected, causing its enlargement (splenomegaly). Intake of ethanol through alcoholic beverages can cause spleen atrophy and interfere with immune activity. To gain knowledge of this association on the spleen and on the immune response profile, male mice were used as an experimental model. These animals were divided into four groups: C. control; EC. uninfected/ethanol gavage; I. infected; and IE. infected/ethanol gavage. Groups I and IE were infected with about 100 cercariae (BH strain) of S. mansoni and in the fifth week of infection, gavage 200 µL/day/animal of 18 % ethanol was started for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the gavage (9th week of infection) all animals were euthanized. The spleen was removed and longitudinally divided in two parts. After histological processing, the sections were stained with H&E and Gomori's Reticulin for histopathological and stereological analyses, white pulp morphometry and quantification of megakaryocytes. The other fragment was macerated (in laminar flow) and the cell suspension, after adjusting the concentration (2 × 106), was plated to obtain cytokines produced by spleen cells that were measured by flow cytometry (Citometric Bead Array). Histopathological and quantitative analyzes in the spleen of the IE group showed an increase in the number of trabeculae and megakaryocytes, a decrease in reticular fibers, as well as important organizational changes in the white pulp and red pulp. Due to the decrease in the levels of cytokines measured and the result of the calculation of the ratio between the IFN-y and IL-10 cytokines (p = 0.0079) of the infected groups, we suggest that ethanol decreased the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response generated by the infection (group IE, the production of cytokines was significantly decreased (p < 0.01). These changes demonstrate that ethanol ingestion interferes with some parameters of experimental S. mansoni infection, such as changes in splenic tissue and in the pattern of cytokine production.

Prevention of a dengue outbreak via the large-scale deployment of Sterile Insect Technology in a Brazilian city: a prospective study.

Background: Dengue is a global problem that seems to be worsening, as hyper-urbanization associated with climate change has led to a significant increase in the abundance and geographical spread of its principal vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Currently available solutions have not been able to stop the spread of dengue which shows the urgent need to implement alternative technologies as practical solutions. In a previous pilot trial, we demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the method 'Natural Vector Control' (NVC) in suppressing the Ae. aegypti vector population and in blocking the occurrence of an outbreak of dengue in the treated areas. Here, we expand the use of the NVC program in a large-scale 20 months intervention period in an entire city in southern Brazil. Methods: Sterile male mosquitoes were produced from locally sourced Ae. aegypti mosquitoes by using a treatment that includes double-stranded RNA and thiotepa. Weekly massive releases of sterile male mosquitoes were performed in predefined areas of Ortigueira city from November 2020 to July 2022. Mosquito monitoring was performed by using ovitraps during the entire intervention period. Dengue incidence data was obtained from the Brazilian National Disease Surveillance System. Findings: During the two epidemiological seasons, the intervention in Ortigueira resulted in up to 98.7% suppression of live progeny of field Ae. aegypti mosquitoes recorded over time. More importantly, when comparing the 2020 and 2022 dengue outbreaks that occurred in the region, the post-intervention dengue incidence in Ortigueira was 97% lower compared to the control cities. Interpretation: The NVC method was confirmed to be a safe and efficient way to suppress Ae. aegypti field populations and prevent the occurrence of a dengue outbreak. Importantly, it has been shown to be applicable in large-scale, real-world conditions. Funding: This study was funded by Klabin S/A and Forrest Innovations Ltd.

Impact of acute schistosomiasis mansoni and long-term ethanol intake on mouse liver pathology.

While the effect of ethanol and schistosomiasis mansoni on liver injury has been well-documented, the influence of comorbidity on liver pathology remains unclear. To address this gap, schistosomiasis-infected mice were given one daily dose of 18% ethanol for 28 consecutive days, from day 35 post-infection. Mice were assigned to four groups: A. control; B. uninfected/ethanol gavage; C. infected; and D. infected/ethanol gavage. At day 64 post-infection, mice were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation, livers were excised, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, paraffin embedded and cut into 5 µm sections. These were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Lennert's Giemsa and picrosirius red (for polarization microscopy) to assess histopathological and stereological changes. Group B showed alcoholic liver disease (ALD), including microsteatosis, hepatocyte karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, increased frequency of Kupffer cells, hydropic degeneration of hepatocyte, thickened plasma membrane and binucleated hepatocytes. Infected mice showed typical exudative and exudative-productive hepatic granulomas, and destruction of the adjacent hepatic parenchyma, resulting in necrotic tissue and periovular leukocyte infiltrate. Group D showed hyperemia (parenchymal panlobular lesions), and liquefactive necrosis in hepatic abscess area. There was also reduced liver collagen deposition (-76%; p = 0.0001) and reduced microsteatosis (-80%, p = 0.0079) compared to group C and group B, respectively. In conclusion, comorbidity exacerbated liver damage.

Impact of social distancing in response to COVID-19 on hospitalizations for laryngitis, tracheitis, otitis media, and mastoiditis in children aged 0 to 9 years in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of social distancing resulting from COVID-19 in hospitalizations for infections of the upper airways (URTI), such as acute laryngitis, tracheitis, and otitis media in children aged 0 to 9 years in Brazil, considering that they share the same forms of transmission. METHODS: Data on hospitalizations for acute airway changes and their complications in children <9 years old were obtained from the Database of the Brazilian Department of Public Health Informatics for the period 2015 to 2020. These data were also analyzed by macroregions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Southeast, South, and Midwest). The effect of the social distancing strategy on the increase of acute laryngitis, tracheitis, otitis media, and mastitis, as absolute and relative reductions, was calculated by analyzing the annual calculation of 2015-2019 vs 2020. RESULTS: All the hospitalizations compared in the Unified Health System (SUS) for laryngitis and acute tracheitis and otitis media decreased, considering all states of Brazil. The largest reduction in hospitalization reduction was in the North, with -94% in 2015-2019 vs 2020 in cases of laryngitis and acute tracheitis, and in the Midwest, with - 85% in 2015-2019 vs 2020 in cases of otitis media. CONCLUSION: Hospitalizations for laryngitis, acute tracheitis, and acute otitis media in children <9 years old decreased between March and July 2020 in Brazil, when social distancing measures were adopted due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evaluation of the insecticide susceptibility profile in Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Belo Horizonte (Brazil).

INTRODUCTION: Since 2013, major Cimex lectularius infestations have been detected in public shelters in Belo Horizonte (Brazil). Due to this, insecticide resistance has been investigated as one of the possible causes for the failure to control bedbugs. METHODS: Cimicids were subjected to bioassays according to the World Health Organization recommendations using deltamethrin and all commercial insecticides available for control of Cimex in Brazil. RESULTS: Cimicids were deltamethrin resistant and presented indicative of resistance to other insecticides, except for propoxur 1%. CONCLUSIONS: The commercial insecticides have a limited effect on bedbug populations, which may justify the unsatisfactory control observed in the shelters studied.

Avaliação da qualidade de produtos cosméticos contendo ácido glicólico / Quality assessment of cosmetic products containing glycolic acid / Evaluación de la calidad de los productos cosméticos que contienen ácido glicólico

RESUMO Introdução: O ácido glicólico é aplicado para o tratamento estético e dermatológico em formulações antirrugas (anti-aging), esfoliantes químicos (peeling). Considerando a grande utilização em produtos cosméticos, é de suma importância a realização do controle de qualidade dos produtos cosméticos contendo ácido glicólico, com a finalidade de garantir maior segurança para os usuários. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de produtos cosméticos de venda livre contendo ácido glicólico disponíveis no comércio nacional. Materiais e métodos: Foram avaliadas 8 amostras de produtos cosméticos contendo ácido glicólico. Os testes realizados foram: análise do rótulo, características organolépticas dos produtos, determinação do pH, teste de centrifuga e doseamento do ácido glicólico. Quanto ao teor de ácido glicólico as 8 amostras foram aprovadas, pois permaneceram dentro do limite máximo estabelecido pela Anvisa de 10% de ácido glicólico. Resultados: No que se refere à avaliação do pH, 4 amostras apresentaram valores abaixo permitido, sendo que o uso de produtos com pH abaixo de 3,5 pode causar irritação e lesão da pele. Já na análise do rótulo as amostras manipuladas faltavam às recomendações e precauções de uso. Conclusão: Dessa forma, fica evidente a importância do controle de qualidade em produtos contendo ácido glicólico para conferir segurança e eficácia para os usuários.

SUMMARY Introduction: Glycolic acid is applied for the aesthetic and dermatological treatment in anti-aging formulations, chemical exfoliators (peeling). Considering the great use of glycolic acid in cosmetic products and their applicability, it is become important to carry out the quality control of cosmetic products containing glycolic acid, in order to guarantee its quality as well safety to users. Aim: To evaluate the quality of glycolic acid in cosmetic over the counter available in the national market. Materials and methods: 8 samples of cosmetic products containing glycolic acid were evaluated. The following tests were performed: label analysis, organoleptic characteristics of the products, pH determination, centrifuge test and glycolic acid assay (volumetric analysis). Regarding the glycolic acid content, the 8 samples were approved, as they remained within the maximum limit established by Anvisa of 10% glycolic acid. Results: Regarding the pH evaluation, 4 samples presented values below the allowed, being that the use of products with pH below 3.5 may cause irritation and damage skin. Already in the analysis of the labels from compounding formulation samples, there was no recommendations and precautions of use. Conclusion: This way, the importance of quality control in glycolic acid containing products is evident to provide safety and efficacy to users.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ácido glicólico se aplica para el tratamiento estético y dermatológico en formulaciones antiarrugas (antienvejecimiento), exfoliantes químicos (peeling). Es de suma importancia realizar el control de calidad de los productos cosméticos que contienen ácido glicólico, teniendo en cuenta su amplio uso en productos cosméticos, para garantizar una mayor seguridad para los usuarios. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de los productos cosméticos de venta libre que contienen ácido glicólico disponibles en el mercado nacional. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 8 muestras de productos cosméticos que contenían ácido glicólico. Las pruebas realizadas fueron: análisis de etiquetas, características organolépticas de los productos, determinación de pH, prueba de centrifugación y ensayo de ácido glicólico. En cuanto al contenido de ácido glicólico, las 8 muestras fueron aprobadas, ya que se mantuvieron dentro del límite máximo establecido por Anvisa para el ácido glicólico al 10%. Resultados: En cuanto a la valoración del pH, 4 muestras arrojaron valores inferiores a los permitidos y el uso de productos con un pH inferior a 3,5 puede provocar irritación y daño cutáneo. En el análisis de la etiqueta, las muestras manipuladas carecieron de las recomendaciones y precauciones de uso. Conclusión: De esta forma, se evidencia la importancia del control de calidad en los productos que contienen ácido glicólico para garantizar la seguridad y efectividad para los usuarios.

Leaf anatomy of two medicinal Croton species: Contribution to plant recognition.

Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) is the second largest genus of the Euphorbiaceae s.l. family, which is composed of about 1,200 taxa. Several species are widely used medicinally in various parts of the world to treat cancer, digestive problems, skin diseases, malaria, ulcers, and obesity. The leaves and stems are sold as dehydrated fragments, or in powder form, and used in the preparation of teas and various types of formulations. The aim of this study was to accurately characterize the leaf anatomy of Croton bonplandianus Baill. and Croton gracilipes Baill. and to perform histochemical analysis of laticifers to provide subsidies for botanical certification. To accomplish this, leaf blade and petiole samples were fixed and prepared following standard techniques for scanning electron and light microscopy. Histochemical tests were carried out on sections to detect the compounds present in the secretions. Results showed neutral and acidic lipids, as well as phenolic compounds, in the latex. In addition, leaf anatomical structures of these two species were studied for specific identification of morphological characters and for quality assessment of these medicinal plants.

Evaluation of the insecticide susceptibility profile in Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Belo Horizonte (Brazil)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Since 2013, major Cimex lectularius infestations have been detected in public shelters in Belo Horizonte (Brazil). Due to this, insecticide resistance has been investigated as one of the possible causes for the failure to control bedbugs. METHODS: Cimicids were subjected to bioassays according to the World Health Organization recommendations using deltamethrin and all commercial insecticides available for control of Cimex in Brazil. RESULTS: Cimicids were deltamethrin resistant and presented indicative of resistance to other insecticides, except for propoxur 1%. CONCLUSIONS: The commercial insecticides have a limited effect on bedbug populations, which may justify the unsatisfactory control observed in the shelters studied.

Microsatellite variation revealed panmictic pattern for Triatoma brasiliensis (Triatominae: Reduviidae) in rural northeastern Brazil: the control measures implications.

BACKGROUND: Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 is the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the caatinga of Northeastern Brazil. Despite of its epidemiological relevance, there are few studies on its genetic variability. Using microsatellite markers, we characterized the variability and dynamics of infestation and reinfestation of T. brasiliensis after residual insecticide spraying in five surveys conducted in a well-defined rural area located in the municipality of Tauá, Ceará, between 2009 and 2015. We evaluated: (1) general variability among local of captures; (2) variability along the time analysis (2009, 2010 and 2015); (3) and reinfestation process. RESULTS: On the analysis (1) global and pairwise FST values suggested absence of clusters among the area. AMOVA indicated that total variation is mainly represented by individual differences. Absence of clustering indicates a panmitic unit, with free gene flow. For (2), Pairwise FST indicated alterations in the genetic profile of the triatomines along the time. (3) Analysis of the reinfestation process showed that the domiciliary units investigated had different sources of infestation despite of its proximity. CONCLUSIONS: Observed homogeneity can be explained by the great dispersal capacity of T. brasiliensis, overlapping the different environments. Persistent house infestation in Tauá may be attributed to the occurrence of postspraying residual foci and the invasion of triatomines from their natural habitats.

Acometimento pulmonar e articular secundário à síndrome de Lemierre: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Pulmonary and joint involvement secondary to Lemierre syndrome: case report and literature review

A síndrome de Lemierre caracteriza-se por uma rara entidade que gera tromboflebite da veia jugular interna e embolismo séptico em história da infecção recente da orofaringe, além de sinais radiológicos e isolamento de patógenos anaeróbicos, principalmente Fusobacterium necrophorum. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 13 anos de idade, com histórico de carcinoma de nasofaringe associado ao vírus Epstein-Barr (estadiamento T4N2M0), submetida a procedimentos cirúrgicos e quimiorradioterapia. Iniciou com queixa de mialgia intensa, diplopia, lesões infectadas em membros e choque séptico. Por meio de exames de ultrassonografia cervical com Doppler colorido e tomografia computadorizada de pescoço com contraste endovenoso, foram identificados trombos intraluminais na veia jugular interna, além de trombos sépticos pulmonares, por meio da tomografia computadorizada de tórax. Posteriormente, ainda evoluiu com artrite piogênica coxofemoral esquerda. Foi isolada, por hemocultura, a bactéria Klebsiella pneumoniae Carpemenase, e o tratamento se deu pela associação entre vancomicina, amicacina, meropenem, metronidazol e anfotericina B. Conclui-se que, após o diagnóstico de SL e, embora com múltiplas complicações e diagnóstico tardio, a paciente encontra-se bem e assintomática, além do relato comprovar a dificuldade diagnóstica e de seu tratamento

Lemierre's syndrome is a rare condition that leads to thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and septic embolism following recent oropharyngeal infection, being characterized by radiological signs and isolation of anaerobic pathogens, especially Fusobacterium necrophorum. We report the case of a 13-year-old female patient with history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus (T4N2M0 staging), who underwent surgical procedures and chemoradiotherapy. Her initial complaint was severe myalgia, diplopia, infected limb injuries, and septic shock. Cervical color Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography scan of the neck with intravenous contrast showed intraluminal thrombi in the internal jugular vein, and chest computed tomography showed pulmonary septic thrombi. Subsequently, she progressed with left coxofemoral pyogenic arthritis. The bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae Carpemenase was isolated in blood culture, and the patient was treated with the association of vancomycin, amikacin, meropenem, metronidazole, and amphotericin B. It is concluded that, despite the multiple complications and late diagnosis, the patient is well and asymptomatic after the diagnosis of Lemierre's syndrome; in addition, the report proves the difficulty of diagnosis and treatme

Effect of herbage allowances on biomass flows in Italian ryegrass / Efeito de ofertas de forragem sobre o fluxo de biomassa em azevém

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the leaf tissue flows in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), in different phenological stages, grazed by lambs, and managed under three herbage allowances (6, 9 and 12 kg DM/100 kg body weight under rotational stocking method. The experimental design was completely randomized, with repeated measures arrangement. Forage allowances determined similar growth and intake flows, actual and potential utilization efficiencies of grass and they were different in the phenological stages of Italian ryegrass. The intake of leaf blade, as a percentage of body weight, was higher in the 12% herbage allowance. Considering leaf tissue flows, Italian ryegrass can be managed in forage allowances that vary between 6 and 12 kg DM/100 kg body weight.

RESUMO: Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar os fluxos de tecidos foliares em diferentes estádios fenológicos do azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), pastejado por cordeiras, manejado sob três níveis de oferta de forragem (6; 9 e 12 kg de MS/100 kg de peso corporal), sob lotação intermitente. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo. Os fluxos de crescimento e consumo de lâminas foliares, as eficiências real e potencial de utilização do pasto foram similares nas ofertas de forragem e diferentes nos estádios fenológicos do azevém. O consumo de lâminas foliares em porcentagem do peso corporal foi superior na oferta de forragem 12%. Considerando os fluxos de tecidos foliares, o azevém pode ser manejado com ofertas de forragem que variam entre 6 a 12 kg de MS/100 kg de peso corporal.

The internal root canal morphology of single-rooted mandibular canines revealed by micro-computed tomography.

CONTEXT: The lack of thorough knowledge regarding morphological and anatomical variations of the root canal system can result in failure to identify all root canals and lead to inadequate instrumentation and consequent failure of the endodontic treatment. AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anatomy of single-rooted mandibular canines using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty mandibular canines were scanned by micro-CT to determine anatomic parameters: Vertucci's classification, number of lateral canals, roundness, and minor and major diameters. The shape of root canal orifices, volume, surface area, and convexity structure model index (SMI) were also evaluated. ANALYSIS USED: The CTAn and CTvol software were used to three-dimensional and morphometric analysis. RESULTS: All canals were classified as Vertucci Type I. Lateral canals were verified in 42.4% of the roots, in apical third. The canal diameters were decreased near the apex. The cross sections at the cementoenamel junction and 1 mm from the apex were oval in 38.3% and 79.4% of the canals, respectively. The mean canal volumes and surface areas were 11.48 ± 4.41 mm3≥ and 67.29 ± 19.18 mm2, respectively. The SMI values indicated that mandibular canine was approximately rod like. CONCLUSIONS: The morphology of the root canal of single-rooted canines varied widely at different root levels.

Avaliação do teor de vitamina C de preparados sólidos para refresco comercializados em Campo Grande-MS / Evaluation of the vitamin C content of solid preparations for soft drinks marketed in Campo Grande-MS

RESUMO Os sucos naturais têm sido amplamente substituídos pelos preparados sólidos para refresco (PSR), o que pode resultar em perda nutricional de componentes importantes, como o ácido ascórbico (AA). Dessa forma, este estudo objetivou analisar o teor de AA, determinar a acidez total titulável e o pH em amostras de PSR sabor abacaxi comercializados nos mercados varejistas de Campo Grande-MS e, além disso, caracterizar o AA empregado como substância química de referência. Foram analisadas 10 amostras de PSR sabor abacaxi, por meio do método de Tillmans modificado, e todas apresentaram teor de AA acima do mínimo exigido na dose dietética recomendada, atendendo aos requisitos da RDC n° 360/2003. Entretanto, 50% das amostras apresentaram teor de AA acima do limite máximo permitido de 20% para mais ou para menos segundo o declarado no rótulo. O estudo realizado confirmou que a utilização dos PSR é uma boa opção alimentícia para alcançar a dose diária necessária de AA a baixo custo.

SUMMARY Natural juices have been largely replaced by solid refreshments (SR), which can result in nutrient loss of important components, such as ascorbic acid (AA). Thus, this study aimed to analyze the AA content, determine the titratable total acidity and pH in samples of pineapple-flavored SR marketed in the retail markets of Campo Grande-MS and, in addition, characterize AA used as Reference Chemical Substance. Ten samples of pineapple-flavored SR were analyzed using the modified Tillmans method, and all presented AA content above the minimum required in the recommended dietary dose, meeting the requirements of RDC 360/2003. However, 50% of the samples presented AA content above the maximum allowed limit of 20% for more or less as stated on the label. The study confirmed that the use of SR is a good dietary option to achieve the necessary daily dose of AA at a low cost.

A música no controle de sintomas relacionados à demência em idosos / Music in the control of dementia-related symptoms in the elderly

O aumento da população idosa e, proporcionalmente, dos casos de demência, demanda uma maior atenção ao tema e uma busca por tratamentos alternativos à medicação. Essa revisão avalia os benefícios da terapia musical, independente do seu método de aplicação ­ o qual pode ser grupal, individual, interativo, receptivo, de caráter nostálgico ou clássico ­ nesse público de idade mais avançada, buscando entender a sua influência, frequentemente positiva, nas manifestações da demência. A pluralidade dos sintomas avaliados nos estudos selecionados nos permitiu analisar um amplo espectro de resultados, que se mostraram eficazes para sintomas neuropsiquiátricos, destacando-se agitação, ansiedade e apatia ­ apesar da primeira não ter sido avaliada individualmente -, para qualidade de vida e para relações interpessoais; entretanto, devido à juventude desse tema e dos muitos métodos aplicados para avaliação, função cognitiva e controle da dor obtiveram parciais incertas ou divergentes. Depreende-se, portanto, que a terapia musical se apresenta de grande valor no tratamento dos sintomas da demência, fato esse que reflete em uma alternativa importante para a crescente população idosa acometida por essas ocorrências, possibilitando uma melhora no quadro sem o uso de medicação.

The increase of the elderly population and, inevitably, of dementia cases, demands a greater attention to the subject and a search for alternative treatments besides medication. This review evaluates the benefits of music therapy, despite its application method - which can be in group, individual, interactive, receptive, nostalgic or classic way - in the older public, seeking to understand its influence, frequently positive, on the manifestations of dementia. The plurality of symptoms evaluated in the chosen studies allowed us to analyze an ample spectrum of results, that proved to be effective for neuropsychiatric symptoms, especially agitation, anxiety and apathy - although the first was not appraised individually -, for quality of life and for interpersonal relationships; however, due to the youth of this theme and the many methods applied for evaluation, cognitive function and pain control obtained uncertain or divergent partials. We conclude, therefore, that music therapy has great value in the treatment of dementia symptoms, a fact that reflects in an important alternative for the growing elderly population affected by these occurrences, enabling an improvement in the clinical condition without the use of medication.

Más notícias: significados atribuídos na prática assistencial neonatal/pediátrica / Bad news: meanings attributed in neonatal/pediatric care practices / Malas noticias: significados atribuidos en la práctica asistencial neonatal / pediátrica

Resumo Trata-se de estudo exploratório, descritivo e qualitativo, realizado com nove profissionais da saúde que atuam na área da medicina e enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e pediátrica de hospital de ensino localizado no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo foi reconhecer significados atribuídos à comunicação de más notícias, evidenciados na prática profissional e nos sentimentos e emoções que essa tarefa desperta nos profissionais. Os dados foram levantados por entrevista semiestruturada e trabalhados por análise de conteúdo. A morte foi evidenciada como o principal significado atribuído às más notícias. Não foram observados protocolos ou rotinas padronizados na prática de comunicação de más notícias. Foi notório o significativo grau de sofrimento do profissional da saúde que realiza essa prática ocupacional. Os dados deste estudo enaltecem a importância de problematizar e refletir sobre a temática no ambiente hospitalar.

Abstract An exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study was conducted with nine health professionals working in the areas of medicine and nursing in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit of a teaching hospital located in the countryside of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. The objective was to identify the meanings attributed to the communication of bad news, articulating them with professional practice and the manifested feelings andemotions that this task awakens in health professionals. The data were collected in a semi structured interview and studied with content analysis. Death was found to be the main meaning attributed to bad news. Standardized protocols or routines in the practice of reporting bad news were not observed. The significant degree of suffering of health professionals performing this occupational practice was evident. The data of the present study emphasize the importance of problematizing and reflecting on this theme in the hospital environment.

Resumen Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y cualitativo, realizado con nueve profesionales de salud que trabajan en el área de medicina y enfermería en una unidad intensiva neonatal y pediátrica, en hospital universitario situado en el interior de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. El objetivo fue reconocer significados atribuidos a la comunicación de malas noticias, evidenciados en la práctica profesional y en los sentimientos y emociones que esta tarea despierta en los profesionales. Los datos fueron recolectados en entrevistas semiestructuradas y trabajados por medio de análisis de contenido. La muerte se destacó como el principal significado atribuido a las malas noticias. No se observaron rutinas o protocolos estandarizados en la práctica de la comunicación de malas noticias. Fue notorio el grado significativo de sufrimiento del profesional de la salud que realiza esta práctica en el trabajo. Los datos de este estudio enfatizan la importancia de problematizar y reflexionar sobre este tema en el ambiente hospitalario.

Insights from tissue-specific transcriptome sequencing analysis of Triatoma infestans.

Triatoma infestans is an insect of subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and an important vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of human Chagas disease. In this work we reported a transcriptome assembly and annotation of T. infestans heads obtained by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies.

Genetic characterization of residual Triatoma infestans populations from Brazil by microsatellite.

In spite of long-term efforts to eliminate Triatoma infestans (Klug 1834) from Brazil, residual foci still persist in the states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. Data on the genetic variability and structuring of these populations are however lacking. Using nine microsatellite loci, we characterized one residual T. infestans population from Bahia and four from Rio Grande do Sul, and compared them with bugs originally from an older focus in São Paulo; 224 bugs were genotyped. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 11. Observed and expected heterozygosities per locus ranged, respectively, from 0 to 0.786 and from 0 to 0.764. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, mainly due to heterozygote deficits, were detected in all loci and in most populations. Global indices estimated by AMOVA were: Fis was 0.37; Fst was 0.28; and Fit was 0.55; overall indices with p = 0.00 indicated substantial differentiation. Inter-population Fst ranged from 0.118 to 0.562, suggesting strong genetic structuring and little to no gene flow among populations. Intra-population Fis ranged from 0.301 to 0.307. Inbreeding was apparent in all populations except that from Bahia-which might be either linked by gene flow to nearby unsampled populations or part of a relatively large local population. The overall pattern of strong genetic structuring among pyrethroid-susceptible residual T. infestans populations suggests that their persistence is probably due to operational control failures. Detection and elimination of such residual foci is technically feasible and must become a public health priority in Brazil.

Jogo da memória sobre feridas e curativos como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem / Wound and healing puzzle as a teaching-learning strategy

O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a experiência do uso de jogos educativos por acadêmicos de Enfermagem como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem. Trata-se de um relato de experiência. Esta atividade contou com a participação de 40 alunos de graduação, no mês de agosto de 2014. A participação dos discentes se deu durante a monitoria, da disciplina de Fundamentos de Enfermagem I, sendo o conhecimento compartilhado a partir de um Jogo da Memória composto por 30 cartas que tratam dos tipos de úlceras, suas características e tratamentos. A estratégia de ensinoaprendizagem proporcionou melhor compreensão do conteúdo abordado. Concluí-se que o jogo harmonizou a dinâmica de troca do conhecimento no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, permitindo que o momento da revisão se tornasse agradável e descontraído resultando em maior apropriação do conhecimento

The aim of this study was to report the experience of using educational games for nursing students as a teachinglearning strategy. This is a descriptive study of the experience report type. This activity included the participation of 40 undergraduate students in August 2014 Participation of students occurred during monitoring class being shared from a puzzle with 30 cards knowledge dealing with the types of ulcers, their characteristics and treatments. Evaluate the teaching-learning strategy provided better understanding of the content covered. It concludes that the game has harmonized the dynamic exchange of knowledge in the teaching-learning process, allowing the time of the review would become pleasant and relaxed resulting in greater ownership of knowledge

Vulnerabilidade, saúde mental e clínica-escola: uma resposta de atenção à população / Vulnerability, mental health and school-clinics: a response to attention to population

O objetivo do estudo é descrever as características da população encaminhada à clínica-escola, no momento da triagem, contemplando as possíveis condições de vulnerabilidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória na qual foram analisadas 120 fichas de triagem, correspondentes aos atendimentos realizados no Serviço de Psicologia no ano de 2012. Foi possível identificar que o gênero masculino foi o mais frequente entre os usuários atendidos, e em relação à idade metade dos usuários tinham até dez anos de idade, sendo que, desses 50% apresentaram queixas escolares. O principal encaminhamento realizado foi a psicoterapia individual em 89,2% dos casos. A psicoterapia individual constituiu-se em uma das possibilidades de intervenção que se oferece como proteção à saúde mental diante do contexto vulnerável que se apresenta.

The objective of the study is to describe the characteristics of the population forwarded to the school clinic, at the time of screening, contemplating the possible conditions of vulnerability. This is an exploratory research with 120 sorting chips during the year of 2012. It was possible identify the most frequent profile: boys until age 10, half of them presenting schoolar difficulties. The main referral was the individual pshychotherapy . The individual psychotherapy may be understood as a possibility to approach the mental health and the contexto of vulnerability.

O ensino do cuidado nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem do Brasil: revisão integrativa / Teaching in nursing care of undergraduate courses in Brazil: integrative review / La enseñanza del cuidado en los cursos de graduación en enfermería de Brasil: revisión integradora

Objetivo:analisar as publicações científicas da enfermagem brasileira sobre o ensino do cuidado nos cursos de graduação. Método:estudo de revisão integrativa nas bases dados LILACS, MEDLINE e biblioteca virtual SCIELO no período 2003 a 2013. Resultados:a amostra contou com nove estudos abordando ensino do cuidar, elencando três categorias: Distorções entre concepções e práticas docentes; Metodologias para o ensino do cuidar; Professor como mediador no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Conclusão:identificaram-se distorções entre as concepções e as práticas docentes no ensino,revelando docente com concepção adequada de ensino do cuidar, porém com dificuldade em ensinar o cuidado. Docentes utilizam a metodologia tradicional não promovendo a reflexão crítica do discente. Ensinar o cuidado é um desafio. Destacam-se: deficiências na formação como enfermeiro e docente; ausência de fundamentos e teorias como base no ensino do cuidado; desconhecimento de metodologias atuais para favorecer o pensamento crítico do discente.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the scientific publications of Brazilian nursing care about teaching in undergraduate courses. Method: study with an integrative review in the databases of LILACS, MEDLINE and SciELO virtual library in the period from 2003 to 2013. Results: the sample consisted of nine studies addressing education of caring, listing three categories: Distortions between conceptions and teaching practices; Methodologies for the teaching of care; The teacher as a mediator in the teaching-learning process. Conclusion: distortions between the conceptions and teaching practices in teaching were identified, showing the teacher with adequate conception of teaching of care, but with difficulty of teaching care. Teachers use traditional methods not promoting student´s critical reflection. Teaching care is challenging, highlighting: deficiencies in training as a nurse and teacher; lack of fundamentals and theories based on the careful education; lack of current methodologies to foster critical thinking of students.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar las publicaciones científicas de enfermería brasilera sobre la enseñanza del cuidado en los cursos de graduación. Método: estudio de revisión integradora en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE y biblioteca virtual SCIELO en el período de 2003 a 2013. Resultados: la muestra contó con nueve estudios abordando enseñanza del cuidar, listando tres categorías: Distorsiones entre concepciones y prácticas docentes; Metodologías para la enseñanza del cuidar; Profesor como mediador en el proceso enseñanzaaprendizaje. Conclusión: se identificaron distorsiones entre las concepciones y las prácticas docentes en la enseñanza, revelando al docente con concepción adecuada de enseñanza del cuidar, pero con dificultad en enseñar el cuidado. Docentes utilizan la metodología tradicional no promoviendo la reflexión crítica del discente. Enseñar el cuidado es un desafío. Se destacan: deficiencias en la formación como enfermero y docente; ausencia de fundamentos y teorías como base en la enseñanza del cuidado; desconocimiento de metodologías actuales para favorecer el pensamiento crítico del discente.(AU)