RESUMEN
Anti-coronaviral activity of a mixture of oleoresins and essential oils from botanicals, designated QR448(a), was examined in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with QR448(a) reduced the virus titer as measured in two laboratory host systems, Vero E6 cells and embryonating eggs. The effect of QR448(a) on IBV in chickens was also investigated. Administering QR448(a) to chickens at a 1:20 dilution by spray, 2h before challenge with IBV was determined to be the most effective treatment. Treatment decreased the severity of clinical signs and lesions in the birds, and lowered the amount of viral RNA in the trachea. Treatment with QR448(a) protected chickens for up to 4 days post-treatment from clinical signs of disease (but not from infection) and decreased transmission of IBV over a 14-day period. Anti-IBV activity of QR448(a) was greater prior to virus attachment and entry indicating that the effect is virucidal. In addition, QR448(a) had activity against both Massachusetts and Arkansas type IB viruses, indicating that it can be expected to be effective against IBV regardless of serotype. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the in vivo use of a virucidal mixture of compounds effective against the coronavirus IBV.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Virus de la Bronquitis Infecciosa/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Embrión de Pollo , Pollos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Infecciones por Coronavirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/transmisión , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa/prevención & control , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Células Vero , Acoplamiento Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Internalización del Virus/efectos de los fármacos , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in patients before, during, and after orthodontic treatment. S. mutans levels were significantly elevated during active treatment. However, when sampled 6 to 15 weeks into the retention phase of treatment, the microbial levels decreased significantly to levels comparable to age-matched untreated controls. In addition, patients who were no longer wearing any retention appliances had S. mutans levels similar to those subjects sampled in the retention phase of treatment as well as to subjects in age-matched control groups. The findings of the study suggest that orthodontic treatment does not result in any long-term elevations of S. mutans levels.