[Increase in the level of metallothioneins in mouse liver after administration of cadmium chloride does not protect from combined radiation-thermal injury]. / Povyshenie soderzhaniia metalothioneinov v pecheni myshei posle vvedeniia khloristogo kadmiia ne zashchishchaet ot kombinirovannykh radiatsionno-termicheskikh porazhenii.

Effects of MT preinduction by cadmium chloride on the resistance to combined injury such as whole body gamma-irradiation at the dose of 7 Gy + thermal burn were investigated in (CBA x C57BL6)F1 mice. Normal level of MT markedly increased in mice liver but not in bone marrow cells if Cd was given subcutaneously (1 mg/kg) prior to combined injury. However, preinduction of MT did not reduce the lethal effects and bone marrow devastation caused by combined radiation injury. No differences in the leukopenia degree and in CFU-s number were observed between control and MT-induced mice. In summary, Cd-induced MT elevation in mice liver does not protect against the toxic and lethal effects caused by combined radiation injury.

[The survival of mice and the metallothionein content of their livers and kidneys as criteria for assessing exposure to pulsed neutron radiation]. / Vyzhivaemost' myshei i soderzhanie metallotioneinov v ikh pecheni i pochkakh kak kriterii otsenki vozdeistviia impul'snogo neitronnogo izlucheniia.

The effect of pulsed neutron radiation was studied in comparison with continuous neutron radiation and continuous gamma-radiation. Animal survival and induction of metallothionein (MT) synthesis in liver and kidney of mice exposed to equivalent doses were chosen as criteria for evaluation of radiation effects. It was found that the level of MT in liver and kidney of mice exposed to neutron radiation decreased 24 hours after irradiation and then continued decreasing in kidney for 48 hours after irradiation. This is evidence of more intensive free-radical processes initiated by pulsed neutron radiation. At the same time, RBE values of pulsed neutrons did not differ significantly from that of continuous neutron radiation.

Involvement of metallothioneins in regulation of macrophage activity after combined radiation and thermal injury.

The levels of reduced metallothioneins (MT) in peritoneal macrophages and liver of mice subjected to combined radiation and chemical injury displayed opposite changes: the macrophage level of MT decreased and the liver MT increased. Simultaneously, there was an increase in luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence of phagocytizing macrophages. Stimulation with CdCl2, a MT inducer, for three days before the injury increased the levels of MT in macrophages but decreased its liver levels. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of the luminol-dependent but not lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence. Administration of CdCl2 after the injury facilitated the induction of reduced MT in liver cells; however, its levels in macrophages remained low, and the intensity of their chemiluminescence did not decrease. The data suggest that MT is involved in oxidative metabolism and regulation of macrophage activity after combined radiation and thermal injury.

[The property of radiation in low doses and of low-intensity ionizing radiation to cause metallothionein induction]. / Svoistvo radiatsii v malykh dozakh i nizkointensivnogo ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia vyzyvat' induktsiiu metallotioneinov.

The effect of the increase in metallothionein content in hepatocytes of white mice located in conditions of chronic low dose rate and low-dose irradiation. In this work an opportunity of participation of metallothioneins, as the natural radioprotector and factor of nonspecific resistance, in adaptation of organisms to adverse environmental conditions was discussed.

[Anion exchange chromatography of proteins leads to induction of DNA-binding activity in them]. / Anionobmennaia khromatografiia belkov privodit k induktsii v nikh DNK-sviazyvaiushchei aktivnosti.

The present work is devoted to investigation of the acquired DNA-binding activity of several proteins, such as bovine serum albumin, myoglobin, and collagens in different conformational states (native, denatured, and gelatin) following their anion exchange chromatography. Induction of DNA-binding activity, as shown, is natural phenomenon common in protein treatment on positively charged matrix. Obviously, anion exchange chromatography of proteins results in their structural conformational changes. It was suggested that the DNA-binding activity of activated proteins is based on the ability of the protein molecule to accept additional protons upon contact with the anion exchanger. This hypothesis is confirmed by the inhibition of the interaction of activated protein with DNA in the presence of Na-EDTA.

[Heterogeneity and avidity of autoantibodies reacting with DNA]. / Geterogennost' i avidnost' autoantitel, reagiruiushchikh s DNK.

Subpopulations of auto-antibodies to DNA were isolated by affinity procedures from sera of two patients with SLE and from IgG of healthy donors after ion-exchange chromatography ("hidden" auto-antibodies). It was found that two subpopulations of auto-antibodies are present in SLE sera just as fractions of "hidden" auto-antibodies consist of three subpopulations. The dissociation constants were measured by ELISA for the interaction of all subpopulations of auto-antibodies to DNA. It is shown that KD are very high and identical no matter of whether they were prepared from SLE sera of from IgG of healthy donors. The analogy of two types of auto-antibodies (SLE auto-antibodies and "hidden" auto-antibodies) is discussed in this paper.

["Masked" autoantibodies from the serum of healthy blood donors cross-reacting with DNA and bacterial lipopolysaccharides]. / "Skrytye" autoantitela iz syvorotki krovi zdorovykh donorov, perekrestno reagiruiushchie s DNK i bakterial'nymi lipopolisakharidami.

The "masked" autoantibodies with polyspecific activity were found in the serum of healthy donors. It is shown that these antibodies are able to react with antigens after the ion exchange chromatography with QAE-sephadex. It was found that these "masked" antibodies are able to cross-react with DNA and lipopolysaccharides of wide-spread species of bacteria. The possible role of these antibodies as in protection of organism from the external antigens as in the origin of autoimmune diseases is discussed.

[Features of determining autoantibodies to human myoglobin using an immunoenzyme analysis method]. / Osobennosti opredeleniia autoantitel k miolobinu cheloveka metodom immunofermentnogo analiza.

Various procedures of immunoenzyme assay (ELISA) were studied for evaluation of autoantibodies against human myoglobin. Antigenic properties of myoglobin were lost after immobilization on solid-phase carrier, hence noncompetitive type of the assay is unsuitable for these analyses. Exogenous myoglobin did not inhibit practically the blood serum immunoglobulins, which have reacted with immobilized myoglobin. These immunoglobulins appear to be autoantibodies against other antigens cross reacting with myoglobin. The procedure of competitive ELISA, involving solid phase immobilized specific antimyoglobin antibodies, was developed and assayed; an obligatory condition for the procedure developed is separation of immunoglobulins from myoglobin. Myoglobin and its naturally occurring antibodies were found as immunocomplexes in circulation.

[The content of the chief amount of myoglobin in the blood serum as an immune complex]. / Soderzhanie osnovnogo kolichestva mioglobina v syvorotke krovi v sostave immunnogo kompleksa.

Pooled serum of health blood donors was tested for myoglobin and naturally occurring antibodies to myoglobin containing by competitive enzyme immunoassay. Data obtained show that myoglobin and autoantibodies of myoglobin are present in serum in the form of circulating immunocomplexes. Based on these results the suggestion about elimination of the main quantities of myoglobin by reticuloendothelial system is arisen. Estimated level of myoglobin concentration in the sera of health individuals established by different methods (80 ng/ml) is concerned apparently to free-circulated myoglobin and is not adequate to absolute myoglobin quantities.

[Latent autoantibodies to cardiolipin in the blood serum of healthy subjects]. / Skrytye autoantitela k kardiolipinu v syvorotke krovi zdorovykh liudei.

Pooled health blood donors' sera were fractionated by gel filtration and/or ion exchange chromatography on strong anion-exchanger. Measurement of anticardiolipin antibodies levels by ELISA method shows that gel filtration at pH 4.05 and 9.2 (complex-degradation conditions) leads to increase in summary levels while after elution at neutral pH such an effect did not appear. Light increasing of anticardiolipin levels was also noted after fractionation on QAE-Sephadex. Data obtained state that anticardiolipin autoantibodies amount in sera is greater than it can be detected by direct measurement in untreated serum samples. Existence of "hidden" anticardiolipin autoantibodies supposes the hypothesis about alternative way of humoral immunity regulation by blocking anti-self antigens activities with serum biopolymers.

[Interaction of immunoglobulins with charged biopolymers: significance in the regulation of humoral immunity]. / Vzaimodeistvie immunoglobulinov s zariazhennymi biopolimerami: znachenie v reguliatsii gumoral'nogo immuniteta.

When subjected to ion exchange chromatography on QAE-Sephadex A-50 or gel filtration of Sephadex G-200 under conditions that cause the dissociation of immune complexes at pH 4.05, immunoglobulins both from serum and its immunoglobulin fraction increase their interaction with charged antigens as native DNA and cardiolipin. Ion exchange chromatography also leads to the deaggregation of complexes. It was demonstrated that immunoglobulins bind DNA molecule through its F(ab)2 fragments. Based on data obtained, the suggestion was made that interaction between immunoglobulins and charged serum biopolymers is an important factor in humoral immunity regulation. Namely, high specificity of immunological reactions may be supported by elimination of non-specific binding provided electrostatic interactions from all the potential spectrum of antigen-antibody reactions.

[Development and comparisons of information value of different methods of myoglobin determination: solid phase immunoenzyme assay and hemagglutination test]. / Razrabotka i sopostavlenie informatsionnoi znachimosti metodov opredeleniia mioglobina: tverdofaznyi immunofermentnyi analiz i gemaggliutinatsionnyi test.

Optimal conditions were developed for estimation of myoglobin using immunoenzyme assay (ELISA) of competitive and "sandwich" types. Informative efficiency of the ELISA procedures was compared with commercially available hemagglutination test "Erythrocyte diagnosticum for myoglobin detection; dry immunoglobulin". Efficiency of these assays both ELISA and hemagglutination test was found to be similar although hemagglutination is a semiquantitative procedure. The commercially available preparation exhibited some advantages; it is rapid, simple and reproducible. The hemagglutination test may be used as an express analysis in urgent medicine as well as in laboratories which do not possess special biochemical equipment.

[Release of myoglobin in the blood of irradiated swine showing decreased activity of various enzymes--markers of muscle tissue injury]. / Vybros mioglobina v krov' obluchennykh svinei pri snizhenii aktivnosti v krovi riada fermentov--markerov povrezhdeniia myshechnoi tkani.

Dynamics of changes in the level of myoglobin, hematological indices, and activity of certain enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase) was studied in blood of exposed (103.2 mC/kg) pigs. As the activity of enzymes decreased the myoglobin content of blood increased 5-7 days following irradiation. The effect of radiation was shown to promote the development of hypoxia in the animal body which was indicated by the ECG changes, the release of functionally deficient erythrocytes to blood, and the occurrence of stable vast hemorrhages.

[Serum myoglobulin levels in neuromuscular diseases]. / Soderzhanie syvorotochnogo mioglobina pri nervno-myshechnykh zabolevaniiakh.

Myoglobin serum levels have been measured in 130 patients with various neuromuscular diseases whose development is related to the denervational process secondary to damage to motoneurons and their axons as well as in patients with impaired neuromuscular transmission. Interest in myoglobin is explained by the fact that hypermyoglobinemia reflects either destruction or impairment of the penetrability of the membranes of muscle fibers. The data obtained indicate that the degree of myoglobinemia is correlated with the course of the process rather than with the severity of motor disturbances. There is a distinct correlation between the level of myoglobinemia and impairment of the trophic function of motor neuron axons in neuronal and axonal lesions.

[Use of the antibody neutralization test for detecting myoglobin in the urine in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction]. / Primenenie reaktsii neitralizatsii antitel dlia vyiavleniia mioglobulina v moche pri diagnostike infarkta miokarda.

A total of 230 patients admitted to Moscow city hospitals were examined to study the diagnostic value of a kit "Diagnosticum for the detection of erythrocytic myoglobin, dry". Myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 165 of them: in 138 it was transmural, in 27 intramural and in 65 the diagnosis was not confirmed (they were entered into the control group). Myoglobinuria was detected on the 1st day of transmural MI in 95%, on the 2nd day in 92% and on the 3rd day in 82%. In patients with intramural MI myoglobinuria was noted in 72% of the cases. In the control group the test was false positive in 9%.