A randomized split-face clinical trial of conventional vs indoor-daylight photodynamic therapy for the treatment of multiple actinic keratosis of the face and scalp and photoaging.

BACKGROUND: Recently, indoor daylight photodynamic therapy (idl-PDT) has been developed; however, its efficacy and tolerability remain to be assessed. OBJECTIVE: This is a not-inferiority study to compare treatment outcomes of cPDT with a red LED lamp and idlPDT with a polychromatic white LED lamp in adult patients affected by symmetrical AKs of face and/or scalp. METHODS: In this comparative, intra-patient, split-face, randomized clinical trial forty-three adult patients were enrolled. Two contralateral and symmetrical target areas of the face and/or scalp harboring at least 5 AKs were selected and randomized 1:1 to treatment with cPDT and idlPDT. The AKs number and cumulative area were assessed at baseline (T0). Efficacy and cosmetic outcome were assessed 3 months after treatment (T1). RESULTS: Total AKs number and area reduced significantly with both idlPDT (p < .0001) and cPDT (p < .0001) in comparison to baseline. cPDT was more painful (p < .0001) and induced a more severe inflammation (p < .0001). Twenty-nine patients (70.7%) gave their overall preference to idlPDT (p < .001). CONCLUSION: idlPDT may represent an alternative treatment protocol to cPDT for in-office treatment of AKs patients with better tolerability and a not inferior efficacy.

Clinical and dermoscopic changes of acquired melanocytic nevi of patients treated with afamelanotide.

BACKGROUND: Afamelanotide (AFA) is a synthetic analogue of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that is approved for the treatment of patients affected by erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). AFA induces a "sun free" tanning and changes of acquired melanocytic nevi (AMN) that are generically described as "darkening". OBJECTIVES: To assess clinical and dermoscopic AMN changes during AFA treatment. METHODS: Adult EPP patients treated with two AFA implants 50 days apart were enrolled. They underwent a clinical and dermoscopic examination of all AMN at baseline (T0), and after 5 (T1) and 12 (T2) months from the first AFA implant. The general pattern, symmetry, number, and size of pigmented globules, morphology of the pigment network, and dermoscopic melanoma features were assessed. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were enrolled with 103 AMN. At T1 all reticular and 2-component AMN showed a focal network thickening that returned to baseline by T2. The increase of globules' number was observed at T1 but not at T2. The difference in number was not influenced by patients' age or phototype. Dermoscopic changes suggestive of malignancy were never seen. The development of new AMN was never registered. CONCLUSIONS: AFA treatment induces reversible changes of AMN dermoscopic morphology without findings suggestive of malignant transformation and it does not stimulate the development of new AMN.

2020 European guideline on the management of genital molluscum contagiosum.

Molluscum contagiosum is a benign viral epidermal infection associated with high risk of transmission. The guideline is focused on the sexually transmitted molluscum contagiosum. The diagnosis is clinical with characteristic individual lesions, termed 'mollusca', seen as dome-shaped, smooth-surfaced, pearly, firm, skin-coloured, pink, yellow or white papules, 2 - 5 mm in diameter with central umbilication. Dermoscopy may facilitate diagnosis. Therapeutic options are numerous, including physical treatments (cautery, curettage and cryotherapy), topical chemical treatments (e.g. podophyllotoxin and imiquimod) or waiting for spontaneous resolution in immunocompetent patients. In pregnancy, it is safe to use physical procedures (e.g. cryotherapy). Immunosuppressed patients develop severe and recalcitrant molluscum lesions that may require treatment with cidofovir, imiquimod or interferon. Patients with molluscum contagiosum infection should be offered to be screened for other sexually transmitted infections.

[Acute kidney failure in the patient with multiple myeloma. An analysis of the authors' personal cases]. / L'insufficienza renale acuta del paziente con mieloma multiplo. Analisi di una casistica personale.

The renal involvement in a multiple myeloma case (MM) has a frequency of 50% and causes a worsening of the disease with a survival average of about 12 months. Myeloma cast nephropathy (MCN) represents the more frequent clinic, histological form of nephropathy in course of MM and it evolves when monoclonal light free chain deposit in the renal tubules together with some other worse cases like dehydration and/or hypercalcaemia. We analyze here the clinical and renal histological features of eight patients treated for acute renal failure found in MCN in course of MM grade B. This was discovered through renal bioptic check-up. We have evaluated the Bence-Jones proteinuria, the recurrence of the condition of risk and the course of the renal failure of these patients also in order to treat the hematological illness.

Plasma exchange in acute renal failure by cortinarius speciosissimus.

Mushroom poisoning by Cortinarius speciosissimus (C. spec.) leading to irreversible renal failure has been described; in a recent report, an expected bad prognosis has probably been overcome as a result of the very early use of hemoperfusion. In Sep. '81, a healthy couple of wife and husband, both aged 38, had gastrointestinal symptoms 2 days after ingestion of C. spec. On day 8 an acute renal failure developed and the same day, before dialysis, plasma exchange (PE) was undertaken. Renal biopsies disclosed a common pattern of tubular necrosis, scattered infiltrates and interstitial edema. Diuresis and partial recovery started in the man on day 10, while failure persisted over six months in the woman. Further to individual sensitivity to C. spec. toxins, renal damage, once established, may be irreversible, irrespectively of early treatment. Limited usefulness of PE in C. spec. poisoning is probably related to the long latency between ingestion and occurrence of the first renal symptoms.

Renal abnormalities reverted by plasma exchange in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is usually accompanied by renal disfunction presumable due to diffuse thrombotic occlusions in the microcirculation. Two patients with TTP and slight renal failure with proteinuria and microscopic hematuria, were treated by repeated plasma exchanges with fresh frozen plasma, associated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide in one case, and prednisone alone in the other one. Platelet count, hematocrit and lactic dehydrogenase reverted to normal values within the fourth exchange; circulating immune complexes were never detected. Plasma factor stimulating prostacyclin activity lacked in only one patient and returned to normal levels after plasma exchange without being affected during a hematologic relapse. Renal function and urinary abnormalities reverted to normal by the end of plasma exchange and nine and six months renal and hematologic follow-up is still negative. Renal abnormalities in TTP seem to take advantage of early treatment by plasma exchange, which further to replacement of missing plasma factors, can account for the removal of toxic substances to be further investigated on.

Diabetic nephropathy: clinical and histological study in 22 patients.

Twenty-two patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and renal involvement were submitted to renal biopsy. Mean age was 42 years; 10 were males, 12 females. The mean interval between clinical manifestation of nephropathy and biopsy was about 2 years. At the time of biopsy, 4 groups were distinguished according to clinical conditions, depending on the presence or absence of nephrotic syndrome and renal failure. Renal lesions were semiquantitatively evaluated, a separate score being considered for glomerular and vascular lesions. Immunofluorescence most frequently showed a pattern of faint linear IgG deposits along glomerular basement membranes. Severity of histological lesions and pattern of urinary abnormalities were not correlated with the duration of diabetes or the patients' age. Both glomerular and vascular lesions were correlated with the presence of renal failure, while no relationship with the pattern of urinary abnormalities was found. Fourteen patients were followed for more than one year after biopsy: 5 had normal renal function, 4 were in chronic renal insufficiency and 5 in end-stage renal failure (3 were in dialysis, 2 died). There was no correlation between the 3 above-mentioned types of evolution and glomerular histological findings. Nevertheless a higher score of vascular impairment at biopsy was observed among patients who subsequently were found to have a more unfavorable prognosis. Therefore renal biopsy, by providing information on the degree of renal vascular damage, may have some value in predicting the clinical course of diabetic nephropathy.