Clinical spectrum, over 12-year follow-up and experience of SGLT2 inhibitors treatment on patients with glycogen storage disease type Ib: a single-center retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib) is a rare disorder characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis caused by mutations in the SLC37A4 gene. It is a severe inherited metabolic disease associated with hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly, and neutropenia. Traditional treatment consists of feeding raw cornstarch which can help to adjust energy metabolism but has no positive effect on neutropenia, which is fatal for these patients. Recently, the pathophysiologic mechanism of the neutrophil dysfunction and neutropenia in GSD Ib has been found, and the treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor empaglifozin is now well established. In 2020, SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin started to be used as a promising efficient remover of 1,5AG6P in neutrophil of GSD Ib patients worldwide. However, it is necessary to consider long-term utility and safety of a novel treatment. RESULTS: In this study, we retrospectively examined the clinical manifestations, biochemical examination results, genotypes, long-term outcomes and follow-up of thirty-five GSD Ib children who visited our department since 2009. Fourteen patients among them underwent empagliflozin treatment since 2020. This study is the largest cohort of pediatric GSD Ib patients in China as well as the largest cohort of pediatric GSD Ib patients treated with empagliflozin in a single center to date. The study also discussed the experience of long-term management on pediatric GSD Ib patients. CONCLUSION: Empagliflozin treatment for pediatric GSD Ib patients is efficient and safe. Increase of urine glucose is a signal for pharmaceutical effect, however attention to urinary infection and hypoglycemia is suggested.

Research Progress of Granulocytic Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) are one of the main subgroups of MDSCs, which are widely enriched in most cancers. It can inhibit the killing function of T-lymphocyte through the expression of arginase-1 (Arg-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), reshape the tumor immune microenvironment, and promote the occurrence and development of tumors. In recent years, more and more studies have found that G-MDSCs are significantly correlated with the prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, and the use of drugs specifically targeting the recruitment, differentiation and function of G-MDSCs can effectively inhibit tumor progression. This article reviews the immunosuppressive effect of G-MDSCs in non-small cell lung cancer and the progress of related pathway targeting drugs.
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A new metal ion chelator attenuates human tau accumulation-induced neurodegeneration and memory deficits in mice.

Neuronal neurofibrillary tangles containing Tau hyperphosphorylation proteins are a typical pathological marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The level of tangles in neurons correlates positively with severe dementia. However, how Tau induces cognitive dysfunction is still unknown, which leads to a lack of effective treatments for AD. Metal ions deposition occurs with tangles in AD brain autopsy. Reduced metal ion can improve the pathology of AD. To explore whether abnormally phosphorylated Tau causes metal ion deposition, we overexpressed human full-length Tau (hTau) in the hippocampal CA3 area of mice and primary cultured hippocampal neurons (CPHN) and found that Tau accumulation induced iron deposition and activated calcineurin (CaN), which dephosphorylates glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3ß), mediating Tau hyperphosphorylation. Simultaneous activation of CaN dephosphorylates cyclic-AMP response binding protein (CREB), leading to synaptic deficits and memory impairment, as shown in our previous study; this seems to be a vicious cycle exacerbating tauopathy. In the current study, we developed a new metal ion chelator that displayed a significant inhibitory effect on Tau phosphorylation and memory impairment by chelating iron ions in vivo and in vitro. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism of memory impairment induced by Tau accumulation and develop a novel potential treatment for tauopathy in AD.

Protective effect of vitamin B6 against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating NHE1 expression.

Doxorubicin (DOX) has been used to treat various types of cancer, but its application is limited due to its heart toxicity as well as other drawbacks. Chronic inhibition of Na+ /H+ exchanger (NHE1) reduces heart failure and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); vitamin B6 (VitB6 ) has been demonstrated to have a crucial role in antioxidant mechanism. So, this study was designed to explore the effect of VitB6 supplement on the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and to imply whether NHE1 is involved. Ultrasonic cardiogram analysis revealed that VitB6 supplement could alleviate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity; hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson's staining further confirmed this effect. Furthermore, VitB6 supplement exhibited significant antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis effect, which was evidenced by decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) content, and decreased Bcl-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma-2 ratio, respectively. Collectively, VitB6 supplement may exert antioxidative and antiapoptosis effects to improve cardiac function by decreasing NHE1 expression and improve DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Recent innovations in microplastics and nanoplastics removal by coagulation technique: Implementations, knowledge gaps and prospects.

Recently, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) contamination is a worldwide problem owing to the immense usage of plastic commodities. Thus, the environmental risks by MPs and NPs demand the application of innovative, efficient, and sustainable technologies to control the pollution of plastic particles. Regarding this, numerous technologies, including adsorption, coagulation, filtration, bioremediation, chemical precipitation, and photocatalysis, have been engaged to eradicate MPs and NPs from contaminated waters. However, the coagulation technique is getting much attention owing to its simplicity, higher removal performance, low carbon footprint, and low operational and maintenance cost. Therefore, this paper has been designed to critically summarize the recent innovations on the application of coagulation process to eradicate MPs and NPs from both synthetic and real sewage. More importantly, the effect of pertinent factors, including characteristics of coagulants, MPs/NPs, and environmental medium on the elimination performances and mechanisms of MPs/NPs have been critically investigated. Further, the potential of coagulation technology in eliminating MPs and NPs from real sewage has been critically elucidated for the first time, for better execution of this technique at commercial levels. Finally, this critical review also presents current research gaps and future outlooks for the improvement of coagulation process for eradicating MPs and NPs from water and real sewage. Overall, the current review will offer valuable knowledge to scientists in selecting a suitable technique for controlling plastic pollution.

Amorphous selenium inhibits oxidative stress injury of neurons in vascular dementia rats by activating NMDAR pathway.

Vascular dementia (VD) is one of the most common causes of dementia, taking account for about 20% of all cases. Although studies have found that selenium supplementation can improve the cognitive ability of Alzheimer's patients, there is currently no research on the cognitive impairment caused by VD. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of Amorphous selenium nanodots (A SeNDs) in the prevention of VD. The bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) method was used to establish a VD model. The neuroprotective effect of A SeNDs was evaluated by Morris water maze, Transcranial Doppler TCD, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Neuron-specific nuclear protein (Neu N) staining and Golgi staining. Detect the expression levels of oxidative stress and Calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A, and postsynaptic dense protein 95 (PSD95). Finally, measure the concentration of calcium ions in neuronal cells. The results showed that A SeNDs could significantly improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats, restore the posterior arterial blood flow of the brain, improve the neuronal morphology and dendritic remodeling of pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 area, reduce the level of oxidative stress in VD rats, increase the expression of NR2A, PSD95, CaMK II proteins and reduce intracellular calcium ion concentration, but the addition of selective NR2A antagonist NVP-AAMO77 eliminated these benefits. It suggests that A SeNDs may improve cognitive dysfunction in vascular dementia rats by regulating the NMDAR pathway.

Seed morphology of Hypericum (Hypericaceae) in China and its taxonomic significance.

The seed morphology of 40 taxa within the genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae) from China, representing 9 sections of the genus, was examined using both Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy to evaluate the taxonomic relevance of macro- and micro-morphological features. Details articulating variation in seed size, color, shape, appendages, and seed coat ornamentation are described, illustrated, and compared, and their taxonomic importance is discussed. Seeds were generally brown in color and cylindric-ellipsoid to prolonged cylindric in shape. Seed size displayed wide variation, ranging from 0.37-1.91 mm in length and 0.12-0.75 mm in width. Seed appendages were observed as a characteristic morphological feature. Seed surface ornamentation has high phenotypic plasticity, and four types (reticulate, foveolate, papillose, and ribbed) can be recognized. In general, seed color and shape have limited taxonomic significance. However, some other features represent informative characters that can be used efficiently in distinguishing the studied taxa at the section and/or species levels. The findings illustrate that considerable taxonomic knowledge can be obtained by investigating the seed features of Hypericum, and the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy can reveal inconspicuous morphological affinities among species and play a role in taxonomic and systematic studies of the genus Hypericum. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Macro- and micro-morphological features of seeds of 40 Hypericum taxa from China were examined using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy, providing the first broad study regarding seed morphology for Hypericum from China. Details and variations of seed size, shape, color, surface ornamentation, and appendages are fully presented. Seed features and their variation have important taxonomic significance at the section and/or species levels within Hypericum.

Design and characteristic research of smart rod based on optical fiber grating for strain monitoring of power transmission tower.

The safety of the power transmission towers is the basis for the reliable operation of the power grid. Real-time monitoring of the strain of the key rods of the power transmission tower can reflect the safety status of the power transmission tower. In this paper, a smart rod equipped with fiber Bragg grating with strain sensitivity enhanced structure is proposed to detect the strain of key rods of large-span power transmission towers on the southeast coast of the Yangtze River. The smart rod can be connected with the power transmission tower rod through the foot nails and the force on the tower can be transformed effectively. This structure has the advantages of convenient installation and no damage to the power transmission tower. Prestress can be applied to fiber Bragg grating equipped in the smart rod through the prestressed sleeve and can be continuously and accurately adjusted, sensitivity of the fiber Bragg grating was enhanced by strain sensitivity enhanced structure. The relationship between force and strain of fiber Bragg grating installed in the smart rod was analyzed by ANSYS software. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in the smart rod is 13 times that of the conventional structure fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, and the linearity between the fiber Bragg grating wavelength change and force is as high as 0.999. Temperature compensation was realized through temperature measurement fiber Bragg grating installed in the smart rod. This structure can be used to measure the strain of a large-span power transmission tower from 0 to 2000 µÎµ with an accuracy of 0.1 µÎµ with good repeatability.

Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation: Influencing factors, nucleation pathways, and application in waste water remediation.

Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a technique that uses the metabolic action of microorganisms to produce CO32- which combines with free Ca2+ to form CaCO3 precipitation. It has gained widespread attention in water treatment, aimed with the advantages of simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants, environmental protection, and ecological sustainability. This article reviewed the mechanism of MICP at both intra- and extra-cellular levels. It summarized the parameters affecting the MICP process in terms of bacterial concentration, ambient temperature, etc. The current status of MICP application in practical engineering is discussed. Based on this, the current technical difficulties faced in the use of MICP technology were outlined, and future research directions for MICP technology were highlighted. This review helps to improve the design of existing water treatment facilities for the simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants using the MICP and provides theoretical reference and innovative thinking for related research.

Diagnostic ultrasound-mediated microbubble cavitation dose-dependently improves diabetic cardiomyopathy through angiogenesis.

Ultrasound-mediated microbubble cavitation (UMMC) induces therapeutic angiogenesis to treat ischemic diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether diagnostic UMMC alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and, if so, through which mechanisms. DCM model was established by injecting streptozocin into rats to induce hyperglycemia, followed by a high-fat diet. The combined therapy of cation microbubble with low-intensity diagnostic ultrasound (frequency = 4 MHz), with a pulse frequency of 20 Hz and pulse length (PL) of 8, 18, 26, or 36 cycles, was given to rats twice a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Diagnostic UMMC therapy with PL at 8, 18, and 26 cycles, but not 36 cycles, dramatically prevented myocardial fibrosis, improved heart functions, and increased angiogenesis, accompanied by increased levels of PI3K, Akt, and eNOS proteins in the DCM model of rats. In cultured endothelial cells, low-intensity UMMC treatment (PL = 3 cycles, sound pressure level = 50%, mechanical index = 0.82) increased cell viability and activated PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling. The combination of diagnostic ultrasound with microbubble destruction dose-dependently promoted angiogenesis, thus improving heart function through PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling in diabetes. Accordingly, diagnostic UMMC therapy should be considered to protect the heart in patients with diabetes.

Research Progress on the Combination Therapy of EGFR-TKIs and Metformin in Acquired Resistance to EGFR-TKIs in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) targeting EGFR are effective in EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but drug resistance is inevitable. With the application and expansion of individualized and combined therapy, more and more studies have shown that combined administration of Metformin effectively solves the problem of acquired drug resistance to EGFR-TKIs in clinical treatment and prolongs the survival of patients with NSCLC. EGFR-TKIs combined with Metformin is expected to be the treatment method of choice for NSCLC patients with EGFR-TKIs resistance. This paper intends to summarize the research progress of EGFR-TKIs combined with Metformin in the treatment of EGFR-TKIs acquired resistance in NSCLC, in order to provide a new idea for the treatment of NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
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Public health emergency response capacity in primary and secondary schools / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the public health emergency response capacity in primary and secondary schools, and to explore the problems and challenges in the prevention and control of public health emergency in primary and secondary schools for specific strategies.@*Methods@#By using the stratified group sampling method, a questionnaire survey on general situation, knowledge, attitude and training, as well as public health emergencies response capacity among 2 988 teachers or leaders responsible for school emergency response in primary and secondary schools from Beijing, Chongqing and Yunnan.@*Results@#Participants varied on their positions, titles, educational background and knowledge accuracy. Higher knowledge accuracy was associated with higher educational background ( χ 2=50.73-203.36, P < 0.05 ). The implementation of regular public health emergency related programs was poorly conducted in high schools (50.0%). Urban schools (42.0%) had higher proportion of qualified health care professionals than rural schools (18.2%), and private schools (48.5%) was higher than public schools (24.7%). The primary challenges included the shortage of guidance from professionals and the lack of related testing equipment (84.91%, 74.03%).@*Conclusion@#Although the ability of emergency handling of public health emergencies in schools in the three regions is advancing with the times, there are still many deficiencies, some omissions in the mastery of knowledge. It is suggested to inerease pre service and special training of school health work CDC should strengthen technical guidance and work supervision of infectious disease management in schools.

Ethyl Acetate Extract of Qigesan Intervenes in Migration and Invasion of Esophageal Cancer Cells via Inhibiting TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Qigesan （QGS） in intervening in the migration and invasion of esophageal carcinoma TE-1 cells. MethodMicroarray technology was used to screen differentially expressed genes （DEGs） in the normal group and the QGS group， and the ontological functions and signaling pathways of DEGs were analyzed. The thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay was used to detect the effect of QGS on the viability of TE-1 cells. In the subsequent experiments for verification， a blank group， a transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） group， a TGF-β1 + QGS group， and a TGF-β1 + SB431542 group were set up. The cell morphology in each experimental group was observed by microscopy. The migration and invasion abilities of cells were detected by wound healing assay， and the mRNA expression levels of E-Cadherin， vimentin， Smad2， and Smad7 were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression of E-Cadherin， vimentin， p-Smad2/3， Smad2/3， and Smad7 was detected by Western blot. ResultThere were 1 487 DEGs between the QGS group and the blank group， including 1 080 down-regulated ones （accounting for 72.63%） and 407 up-regulated ones. The down-regulated genes were mainly involved in biological processes such as cytoskeletal protein binding， ATP binding， adenylate nucleotide binding， and adenylate ribonucleotide binding， and the involved Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathways included TGF-β signaling pathway， cell cycle， extracellular matrix-receptor interaction protein， tumor pathways， and oocyte meiosis. The up-regulated genes were mainly involved in RNA binding， DNA binding， transcriptional regulator activity， transcriptional activator activity， and nucleotide binding， and the KEGG pathways involved mainly included mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， bladder cancer， renal cell carcinoma， cancer pathways， and p53 signaling pathway. Compared with the blank group， the inhibition rate of cell viability of TE-1 cells increased after QGS （20， 30， 40， 60， 80 mg·L-1） intervention for 12， 24， 36， 48， 60 h （P<0.05）， and the inhibition rate was time- and dose-dependent. Compared with the blank group， the TGF-β1 group showed lengthened cells with fibroblast phenotype. Compared with the TGF-β1 group， the TGF-β1 + QGS group showed shortened cells with normal morphology and epithelial phenotype. The cell morphology in the TGF-β1 + SB431542 group was similar to that of the TGF-β1 + QGS group. Compared with the blank group， the TGF-β1 group showed potentiated ability of cell migration and invasion （P<0.05）. Compared with the TGF-β1 group， the TGF-β1 + QGS group and the TGF-β1 + SB431542 group showed inhibited and weakened migration and invasion abilities of cells （P<0.05）. However， there was no significant difference in migration and invasion abilities between the TGF-β1 + QGS group and the TGF-β1 + SB431542 group. The mRNA expression levels of vimentin and Smad2 in the TGF-β1 group were higher （P<0.05）， and the mRNA expression levels of E-Cadherin and Smad7 were lower （P<0.05） than those in the blank group. Compared with the TGF-β1 group， the TGF-β1 + QGS group and the TGF-β1+ SB431542 group exhibited decreased expression levels of vimentin and Smad2 mRNA （P<0.05）， and elevated expression levels of E-Cadherin and Smad7 mRNA （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， the TGF-β1 group showed up-regulated protein expression levels of vimentin， p-Smad2/3， and Smad2/3 （P<0.05）， and reduced protein expression levels of E-Cadherin and Smad7 （P<0.05）. Compared with the TGF-β1 group， the TGF-β1 + QGS group and the TGF-β1 + SB431542 group displayed decreased protein expression levels of vimentin， p-Smad2/3， and Smad2/3 （P<0.05）， and increased protein expression levels of E-Cadherin and Smad7 （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe ethyl acetate extract of QGS inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） of TE-1 cells through the TGF-β1 pathway to reduce the migration and invasion of TE-1 cells.

Application of spherical lens with 0.05 D intervals in optometry for small incision lenticule extraction in myopic eyes / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of spherical lens with 0.05 D intervals in optometry for small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in myopic eyes.Methods:A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted.Sixty patients (120 eyes) with low to moderate myopia and myopic astigmatism who underwent SMILE in the 989th Hospital of the PLA from June 2021 to February 2022 were enrolled.The patients were randomly divided into 0.05 D interval group (optometry with spherical lens at 0.05 D interval) and 0.25 D interval group (optometry with spherical lens at 0.25 D interval), with 30 cases (60 eyes) in each group.There was no significant difference in matched age, sphericity, cylindricity, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (all at P>0.05). The preoperative monocular red-green balance, 1- and 3-month postoperative monocular red-green balance, uncorrected visual acuity and spherical equivalent of both groups were compared.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the 989th Hospital of the PLA (No.WZLL-2021-034). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before any medical examination. Results:The preoperative red-green balance rate in 0.05 D interval group was 95.00%(57/60), which was higher than 35.00%(21/60) in 0.25 D interval group, showing a statistically significant difference ( Wald χ2=17.642, P<0.001). The 1- and 3-month postoperative red-green balance rates in 0.05 D interval group were 63.33%(38/60) and 56.67%(34/60), which were higher than 23.33%(14/60) and 21.67%(13/60) in 0.25 D interval group respectively, showing statistically significant differences ( Wald χ2=9.137, P=0.003; Wald χ2=7.483, P=0.006). The 1- and 3-month postoperative visual acuity in 0.05 D interval group were -0.1(-0.1, -0.1) and -0.1(-0.1, -0.1), which were higher than 0.0(-0.1, 0.0) and -0.1(-0.1, 0.0) in 0.25 D interval group respectively, showing statistically significant differences ( Wald χ2=11.624, P=0.001; Wald χ2=12.841, P<0.001). The 1- and 3-month postoperative spherical equivalent were -0.07(-0.25, 0.13)D and -0.13(-0.25, 0.13)D in 0.05 D interval group, which were higher than -0.13(-0.38, 0.25)D and -0.13(-0.38, 0.25)D in 0.25 D interval group respectively, showing no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( Wald χ2=0.029, P=0.866; Wald χ2=0.189, P=0.664). Conclusions:Compared with spherical lens at 0.25 D interval, 0.05 D interval can improve the accuracy of preoperative and postoperative red-green balance rate and postoperative visual acuity in patients with low to moderate myopia who undergo SMILE.

Expression of BmSPI38 tandem multimers in Escherichia coli and its antifungal activity / 生物工程学报

The aim of this study was to prepare tandem multimeric proteins of BmSPI38, a silkworm protease inhibitor, with better structural homogeneity, higher activity and stronger antifungal ability by protein engineering. The tandem multimeric proteins of BmSPI38 were prepared by prokaryotic expression technology. The effects of tandem multimerization on the structural homogeneity, inhibitory activity and antifungal ability of BmSPI38 were explored by in-gel activity staining of protease inhibitor, protease inhibition assays and fungal growth inhibition experiments. Activity staining showed that the tandem expression based on the peptide flexible linker greatly improved the structural homogeneity of BmSPI38 protein. Protease inhibition experiments showed that the tandem trimerization and tetramerization based on the linker improved the inhibitory ability of BmSPI38 to microbial proteases. Conidial germination assays showed that His6-SPI38L-tetramer had stronger inhibition on conidial germination of Beauveria bassiana than that of His6-SPI38-monomer. Fungal growth inhibition assay showed that the inhibitory ability of BmSPI38 against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans could be enhanced by tandem multimerization. The present study successfully achieved the heterologous active expression of the silkworm protease inhibitor BmSPI38 in Escherichia coli, and confirmed that the structural homogeneity and antifungal ability of BmSPI38 could be enhanced by tandem multimerization. This study provides important theoretical basis and new strategies for cultivating antifungal transgenic silkworm. Moreover, it may promote the exogenous production of BmSPI38 and its application in the medical field.

Enhancing the sensitivity of HIV DNA detection: a magnetic bead-based method / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To establish a magnetic bead enrichment strategy for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HIV DNA) in peripheral blood, and to verify the improvement of the sensitivity of this method for the detection of HIV DNA in HIV infected patients after early antiretrovital treatment (ART). 【Methods】 Peripheral whole blood was collected at 4 timepoints in one ART HIV window period (WP) patient. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated on a Ficoll gradient. CD4+ T lymphocytes were enriched from total PBMCs by negative sorting. HIV DNA concentration in magnetic beads enriched group and whole blood group was detected by HIV DNA detection kit. 【Results】 CD4+ T cells were isolated by magnetic beads and identified by FCM for purity at (96.4 ± 2.6)%. The viability was (95.9 ± 2.9)%, as demonstrated by trypan blue staining. The person on continued ART treatment in this study had significantly greater reduction in HIV viral load and undetectable HIV plasma RNA at follow up timepoint 4. No HIV DNA was detected in the whole blood group at all 4 timepoints. The quantitative results of HIV DNA in the CD4+ T lymphocyte group of the magnetic bead enrichment group were 73.4, 429.3, 137.1, 449.9 copies/106 CD4+ T cell′s respectively. 【Conclusion】 The magnetic bead enrichment method can be more sensitive in detecting the limit low copy HIV DNA in blood samples, and provide early confirmatory data for HIV WP infection and breakthrough infection after ART treatment.

METTL3-mediated m6A modification involved in electrical remodeling of atrial cardiomyocytes under high hydrostatic pressure / 中国药理学通报

To investigate the regulation of N6- methyladenosine ( m6A ) modification on L-type calcium channels in atrial myocytes under high hydrostatic pressure, mediated by methyltransferase-like protein 3 ( METTL3 ). Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the control group and the hypertension group ( treated with continuous administration of angiotensin for four weeks ). Masson staining was used to observe the fibrosis of mouse atrial tissue, while dot blot assay and Western blot were used to detect the levels of m6A, METTL3, and Cavi1 2 in the atrial tissue. A high hydrostatic pressure model was constructed using the HL-1 cell line cultured in vitro, and METTL3 was intervened to observe changes in m6A expression levels, METTL3 and Cavi1 2 levels in cells,and action potential duration ( APD ) and L-type calcium current ( I

Research on cellular damages and astrocyte activation after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe cellular damage and astrocyte activation at different time points of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Methods The middle cerebral artery of male SpragueDawley rats was occluded for 90 min followed by different time points of reperfusion. Eighty-five SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (Sham), IR3, 6, 12, 24 and IR48h (MCAO followed by 48 h of reperfusion) group. Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury was observed by HE staining, and the structure of astrocytes was estimated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). GFAP expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Results Cerebral ischemia following by different time points of reperfusion led to different degrees of cellular damage, which was the most serious at 24 h of reperfusion. TEM showed destruction of astrocytes structure, swollen organelles and broken mitochondrial ridge. After cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the expression levels of GFAP were significant up-regulated in the ischemic penumbra cortex and the highest was at 48 h of reperfusion, indicating astrocytes were activated. In addition, the results showed the gradual decrease in GFAP expression in the infarct core. Conclusions After cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, cellular damage is aggravated, and astrocytes are gradually activated in the ischemic penumbra. With the extension of reperfusion time, the boundaries of infarct area and ischemic area are gradually clear, and scarring may occur.

Relationship between parents attitudes towards sexual education and their proactive adolescent sexual education for primary and secondary students in Baoshan City of Yunnan Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand parents attitudes towards adolescent sexual education in Baoshan City of Yunnan Province, and to explore the correlation between attitudes and their proactive behavior in adolescent sexual education, so as to provide reference for improving parents initiative in adolescent sexual health education.@*Methods@#From November to December 2022, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 7 389 parents of students from 35 primary, middle, and high schools in Baoshan City of Yunnan Province for a questionnaire survey on adolescent sexual health education in parents schools. Chi-square tests were conducted to compare the attitudes of parents towards sexual health education among different groups and their proactive behavior in providing sexual health education to their children. A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between parents attitudes towards sexual education and proactive sexual health education.@*Results@#Totally 43.17% ( 3 190 ) of parents had a more open attitude towards sex education for their children, with parents of girls, parents of elementary school students, mothers, <30 years old, junior high school education, workers, service personnel, married, harmonious relationships with their children and democratic parents had a higher rate of actively providing sex education for their children ( χ 2=4.65, 401.92, 23.53 , 197.50, 38.18, 13.65, 6.54, 8.07, 32.17, 96.58, P <0.05). Parents with a more conservative attitude towards sex education and parents of boys were negatively correlated with parents actively providing adolescent sexual health education to their children ( OR =0.86, 0.38, P <0.05). Parents who were <30, 30-<40, 40-50 years old, individuals/businesses, married, divorced, had a good and decent relationship with their children were positively correlated with their parents proactive adolescent sexual health education for their children ( OR =1.50, 1.90, 1.37, 1.22, 1.60, 1.32, 1.94, 1.53, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#A more open attitude towards adolescent sexual health education can serve as a predictive factor for proactive adolescent sexual health education. In order to increase the rate of family sexual health education, it is recommended to enhance parents awareness of their responsibility for their children s sexual health education, promote harmonious parent-child relationships between parents and children, and communicate with their children with an open attitude.

Citronellal Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Damage through TRPM2/NHE1 Pathway and Effectively Inhibits Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), oxidative stress induces endothelial dysfunction (ED), which is closely related to the formation of atherosclerosis. However, there are few effective drugs to prevent and cure it. Citronellal (CT) is an aromatic active substance extracted from citronella plants. Recently, CT has been shown to prevent ED, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CT ameliorated T2DM-induced ED by inhibiting the TRPM2/NHE1 signal pathway. Transient receptor potential channel M2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel activated by oxidative stress, which damages endothelial cell barrier function and further leads to ED or atherosclerosis in T2DM. The Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), a transmembrane protein, also plays an important role in ED. Whether TRPM2 and NHE1 are involved in the mechanism of CT improving ED in T2DM still needs further study. Through the evaluations of ophthalmoscope, HE and Oil red staining, vascular function, oxidative stress level, and mitochondrial membrane potential evaluation, we observed that CT not only reduced the formation of lipid deposition but also inhibited ED and suppressed oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage in vasculature of T2DM rats. The expressions of NHE1 and TRPM2 was up-regulated in the carotid vessels of T2DM rats; NHE1 expression was also upregulated in endothelial cells with overexpression of TRPM2, but CT reversed the up-regulation of NHE1 in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, CT had no inhibitory effect on the expression of NHE1 in TRPM2 knockout mice. Our study show that CT suppressed the expression of NHE1 and TPRM2, alleviated oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage, and imposed a protective effect on ED in T2DM rats.