Hidradenitis Suppurativa in a Large Cohort of Italian Patients: Evaluation of the Burden of Disease.

BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, recurrent, debilitating skin disease of the hair follicle that usually occurs after puberty with painful, deep-seated, inflamed nodules and sinus tracts in the apocrine gland-bearing areas of the body, most commonly the axillae and inguinal and anogenital regions, with a relevant impact on patients' quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how the burden of HS disease impacts on patient well-being and working activities in a large Italian population over a period of 9 months. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, epidemiologic cohort study was conducted in adult Italian patients with HS. HS severity was assessed through Hurley stage and HS Physician's Global Assessment (HS-PGA), clinical improvement by HS Clinical Response (HiSCR) and partial response, and disease burden through QoL questionnaires (HIDRAdisk, Skindex-16, Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI]), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment - General Health (WPAI:GH). RESULTS: A total of 308 patients (56.2% women; mean age 35.2 ± 12.9 years) were enrolled in 27 dermatologic clinics. Men were older (37.4 years vs. 33.5), more smoking addicted (74.1% vs. 60.1%), and alcohol consumer (34.1% vs. 13.9%), while more women were obese (34.10% vs. 22.22%). At baseline, most patients had a Hurley severity stage of 2 (43.9%), a moderate HS-PGA score (57.1%), and poor QoL (HIDRAdisk: 65.7 ± 23.3, Skindex-16: 60.3 ± 26.9, and DLQI: 10.8 ± 8.1). Patients with more severe disease showed worse QoL. Mean values for the variables related to HS severity decreased during the study period. The achievement of HiSCR and partial response increased during the study. CONCLUSION: This study offers insight into the disease burden of HS in an Italian population. Our results underline the impact of QoL evaluation, also with the use of the HIDRAdisk, in clinical routine as a support to validated severity clinical and instrumental indexes for a "360-degree" assessment of HS patient's burden of disease.

The P2X7 Receptor Is Overexpressed in the Lesional Skin of Subjects Affected by Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Preliminary Study.

BACKGROUND: P2X receptors (P2XRs) are plasma membrane channels involved in the modulation of immune responses. The role of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has never been investigated in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), which is a recurrent skin disease characterized by inflammatory nodules, scarring, and suppuration. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate by immunohistochemistry (IHC) P2X7R, NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) expression in HS lesions compared to healthy control (HC) skin. METHOD: The intensity of IHC immunostaining was semi-quantitatively graded for keratinocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Statistical significance was assessed by the Mann-Whitney U test, Cohen's κ coefficient, and χ2 test. RESULTS: A total of 59 samples, 31 from HS and 28 from HC, were collected and analysed. In skin keratinocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes, but not in neutrophils, P2X7R and NLRP3 protein expression was significantly increased in HS versus the HC group. IL-1ß protein expression was also higher in HS versus the HC group both in skin keratinocytes and in the inflammatory infiltrate. Cohen's κ correlation coefficients for the expression of P2X7R versus NLRP3 or IL-1ß in skin keratinocytes were significant (κ = 0.43 and 0.34, respectively). The same association between P2X7R and NLRP3 or IL-1ß was confirmed by χ2 tests. CONCLUSION: P2X7R, NLRP3, and IL-1ß are overexpressed, and therefore the entire P2X7R/NLRP3/IL-1ß pro-inflammatory axis is likely overactive in the skin of HS patients. This observation might provide clues to the pathogenesis of this disease and suggest novel therapies and markers of disease activity.

Detection of human herpesvirus 8 sequences in cutaneous cherry angiomas.

Cherry angiomas (CAs) are common vascular benign skin tumors, characterized by abnormal angiogenesis, whose etiology is still unclear and poorly studied. We investigated the presence of HHV8 in CAs due to virus ability of inducing neoangiogenesis in endothelial cells. A total of 29 patients were enrolled in a randomized, controlled, blinded analysis of skin specimens including various vascular lesions. All clinical samples were anonymized and analyzed by three different biomolecular assays to minimize the risk of false positive/negative results. Results showed that 53 % of eruptive CAs harbor HHV8 sequences, with the highest viral loads in samples derived from immunosuppressed patients. By contrast, no paucilesional CAs were positive for HHV8. Considering HHV8 prevalence in the Mediterranean population (10-15 %), results obtained in eruptive CAs are significant and suggest for the first time a possible involvement of HHV8 in eruptive cherry angiomas development, particularly in the context of immunosuppression, similar to that recognized for major HHV8-induced pathologies.