Ischemic retinopathy associated with Crohn's disease.

PURPOSE: To report a case of a patient with ischemic retinopathy associated with Crohn's disease. CASE REPORT: This report presents a case of a 28-year-old female patient with Crohn's disease and sudden decrease of visual acuity in the right eye. Fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and multifocal electroretinography confirmed the clinical features of ischemic retinopathy. After systemic corticosteroid treatment, the patient developed epiretinal membrane without significant improvement in visual acuity. DISCUSSION: The patient presented with ischemic retinopathy associated with Crohn's disease with deficiency of central visual acuity. Periodic examination by a retina specialist is recommended for patients being treated for Crohn's disease.

Analysis of the feasibility of early hospital discharge after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the implications to nursing care.

INTRODUCTION: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a conduct used to treat some hematologic diseases and to consolidate the treatment of others. In the field of nursing, the few published scientific studies on nursing care and early hospital discharge of transplant patients are deficient. Knowledge about the diseases treated using hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, providing guidance to patients and caregivers and patient monitoring are important nursing activities in this process. Guidance may contribute to long-term goals through patients' short-term needs. AIM: To analyze the results of early hospital discharge on the treatment of patients submitted to autologous transplantation and the influence of nursing care on this conduct. METHODS: A retrospective, quantitative, descriptive and transversal study was conducted. The hospital records of 112 consecutive patients submitted to autologous transplantation in the period from January to December 2009 were revisited. Of these, 12 patients, who remained in hospital for more than ten days after transplantation, were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The medical records of 100 patients with a median age of 48.5 years (19-69 years) were analyzed. All patients were mobilized and hematopoietic stem cells were collected by leukapheresis. The most common conditioning regimes were BU12Mel100 and BEAM 400. Toxicity during conditioning was easily managed in the outpatient clinic. Gastrointestinal toxicity, mostly Grades I and II, was seen in 69% of the patients, 62% of patients had diarrhea, 61% of the patients had nausea and vomiting and 58% had Grade I and II mucositis. Ten patients required hospitalization due to the conditioning regimen. Febrile neutropenia was seen in 58% of patients. Two patients died before Day +60 due to infections, one with aplasia. The median times to granulocyte and platelet engraftment were 12 days and 15 days, respectively, with median red blood cell and platelet transfusions until discharge of three and four units, respectively. Twenty-three patients required rehospitalization before being discharged from the outpatient clinic. CONCLUSION: The median time to granulocyte engraftment was 12 days and during the aplasia phase few patients were hospitalized or suffered infections. The toxicity of the conditioning was the leading cause of rehospitalization. The nursing staff participated by providing guidance to patients and during the mobilization, transplant and outpatient follow-up phases, thus helping to successfully manage toxicity.

Analysis of the feasibility of early hospital discharge after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the implications to nursing care

INTRODUCTION: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a conduct used to treat some hematologic diseases and to consolidate the treatment of others. In the field of nursing, the few published scientific studies on nursing care and early hospital discharge of transplant patients are deficient. Knowledge about the diseases treated using hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, providing guidance to patients and caregivers and patient monitoring are important nursing activities in this process. Guidance may contribute to long-term goals through patients' short-term needs. AIM: To analyze the results of early hospital discharge on the treatment of patients submitted to autologous transplantation and the influence of nursing care on this conduct. METHODS: A retrospective, quantitative, descriptive and transversal study was conducted. The hospital records of 112 consecutive patients submitted to autologous transplantation in the period from January to December 2009 were revisited. Of these, 12 patients, who remained in hospital for more than ten days after transplantation, were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The medical records of 100 patients with a median age of 48.5 years (19-69 years) were analyzed. All patients were mobilized and hematopoietic stem cells were collected by leukapheresis. The most common conditioning regimes were BU12Mel100 and BEAM 400. Toxicity during conditioning was easily managed in the outpatient clinic. Gastrointestinal toxicity, mostly Grades I and II, was seen in 69% of the patients, 62% of patients had diarrhea, 61% of the patients had nausea and vomiting and 58% had Grade I and II mucositis. Ten patients required hospitalization due to the conditioning regimen. Febrile neutropenia was seen in 58% of patients. Two patients died before Day +60 due to infections, one with aplasia. The median times to granulocyte and platelet engraftment were 12 days and 15 days, respectively, with median...

Assessment of labile plasma iron in patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Body iron disorders have been reported after myeloablative conditioning in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). There is a concern that labile plasma iron (LPI), the redox-active form of iron, can be involved in the occurrence of toxicity and other complications commonly observed in the early post-HSCT period. In order to better understand the LPI kinetics and its determinants and implications, we undertook sequential LPI determinations before and after conditioning until engraftment in 25 auto-HSCT patients. Increased LPI was present in only 5 patients before starting conditioning. Shortly after conditioning, LPI levels were increased in 23 patients, with peak at day 0, returning to normal range upon engraftment in 21 patients. Overall, LPI levels correlated weakly with serum ferritin and more strongly with transferrin saturation; however, both parameters were apparently not applicable as surrogate markers for increased LPI. Although this was a small cohort, logistic regression suggested that baseline LPI levels could predict occurrence of grade III or IV toxicity. In conclusion, LPI kinetics is influenced by aplasia following conditioning and engraftment. Measuring LPI before starting conditioning can offer an opportunity to predict toxicity and, perhaps, the need for chelation therapy.

A função multimodal do fator estimulador de colônias granulocitárias (G-CSF) na isquemia cerebral. Uma nova aplicação terapêutica? / Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and neuroprotection. A possible multimodal therapeutic option?

O fator estimulador de células granulocitárias (G-CSF)é uma glicoproteína descrita há mais de 20 anos, possui aprovação da FDA(Food and Drug Administration) e do Ministério da Saúde no Brasil para tratamento de estados neutropênicos e no transplante de medula óssea. O G-CSF estimula os precursores dos granulócitos e regula crucialmente a sobrevivência de neutrófilos maduros, pós-mitóticos,por meio da inibição da apoptose. Além do efeito sistêmico, mais recentemente, tem-se demonstrado uma surpreendente atividade do G-CSF no sistema nervoso central. A administração de G-CSF mobiliza células-tronco progenitoras da medula óssea para o sangue periférico atravessa a bareira hematoencefálica (BHE) e se dirige à área acometida do cérebro. A atividade do G-CSF no sistema nervoso central tem sido caracterizada como multimodal, pois, além do efeito mobilizador de células da medula óssea, demonstrou-se uma ação direta neuroproterora mediante diferentes mecanismos, tais como a atividade antiapoptótica em neurônios, regeneração da vascularização, efeito antiinflamatório e estimulação da neurogênese endógena. O objetivo deste relato é o de discutir essas nuances e uma possível aplicabilidade do G-CSF na isquemia cerebral ...

Insuficiência cardíaca: do tratamento farmacológico à terapia-celular / Heart failure: from the pharmacological treatment to cellular therapy

Nos últimos quinze anos, o tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca (IC) adquiriu especial relevância não apenas na cardiologia, mas na medicina interna. Um grande número de novos medicamentos, baseados em uma farmacocinética e apoiados por grandes estudos multicêntricos, tem permitido melhorar a sobrevida e a qualidade de vida de inúmeros pacientes espalhados pelo globo. Quando se achou que os fármacos recém-introduzidos no cotidiano tinham controlado sinais e sintomas da IC, surgiram novas alternativas terapêuticas, com destaque para a ressincronização cardíaca. Mais recentemente, outras opções de tratamento vêm surgindo, culminando na terapia celular. Este artigo realiza uma revisão da literatura já que este tema se torna de vital importância no dia-a-dia da cardiologia clínica.

Utilização de células-tronco de medula óssea para tratamento de isquemia crítica de membro inferior / Use of bone marrow stem cells to treat critical ischemic limbs

Relatamos o caso de um paciente masculino de 49 anos, portador de oclusão embólica de todas as artérias da perna esquerda. Após múltiplas e fracassadas tentativas de revascularização e, também, simpatectomia lombar em outros serviços, chegou a nós com indicação de amputação no nível de perna. Propusemos o implante de células-tronco autógenas de medula óssea na panturrilha. Obteve-se um excelente resultado, com a supressão da dor em repouso, melhora da hipotermia e palidez, elevação do índice tornozelo/braço, da velocidade sistólica de pico, dos índices cintilográficos e angiográficos e sensível melhora na granulação no local da amputação do quarto e quinto pododáctilo.

We report on the case of a 49-year-old male patient who presented with embolic occlusion of all left leg arteries. After multiple and unsuccessful revascularization attempts and lumbar sympathectomy, he was referred to us with an indication of amputation at the upper third of the leg. We suggested implanting autogenous bone marrow stem cells in his calf. Excellent immediate results were obtained with suppression of rest pain, hypothermia and paleness, elevation of ankle/brachial index, peak systolic velocities and scintigraphic and angiographic indices. There was also a considerable enhancement of healing at the amputation site of the fourth and fifth toes.

A terapia celular no tratamento da isquemia crítica dos membros inferiores / Cell therapy for the treatment of critical ischemia of the lower limbs

Os autores fazem um histórico sobre as pesquisas com células-tronco embrionárias e do cordão umbilical, suas respectivas vantagens e desvantagens. Seguem com as discussões sobre células-tronco adultas, sua definição, histórico, fontes e participação nos processos de regeneração tecidual, particularmente no endotélio. Ressaltam a importância de fatores que mobilizam as células-tronco adultas a partir da medula óssea: citocinas, angiopoietinas e outros fatores de crescimento. As células-tronco adultas mobilizam-se sob a forma de células endoteliais progenitoras, que têm origem comum com as células endoteliais a partir dos hemangioblastos. Os fatores de mobilização manifestam-se em condições de hipoxia e fazem com que as células endoteliais progenitoras se localizem nos locais de isquemia para produzir a neovasculogênese, que se faz por três possíveis mecanismos: a angiogênese (formação de novos capilares a partir de brotos de capilares já existentes), a arteriogênese (relacionada à circulação colateral) e a vasculogênese (vasos realmente novos). Fazem, a seguir, uma análise da literatura relativa à experimentação animal e aos estudos clínicos. Concluem ressaltando que as células-tronco adultas, embora tenham um grande potencial de uso, ainda demandam muito estudo e pesquisa para se firmar como método terapêutico.