Análisis comparativo de los modelos estéticos corporales de una universidad pública y una privada / Comparative analysis of aesthetics body models of a public and private university

Introducción: El modelo estético corporal es un conjunto de pautas fuertemente influyentes sobre las características físicas corporales, regidas principalmente por el culto al atractivo físico con el exaltamiento a la delgadez del cuerpo. Objetivo: Comparar la influencia del modelo estético corporal que contribuye al adelgazamiento entre estudiantes de una universidad privada y una pública. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, no probabilístico aplicado a mujeres estudiantes de nutrición entre 18 y 24 años de edad. Se utilizó el CIMEC-40 como instrumento de medición de la interiorización del modelo estético corporal con un punto de corte = 23-24. Se utilizó la prueba t de muestras independientes para determinar igualdad de medias. También se aplicaron los análisis: de confiabilidad, exploratorio, factorial confirmatoria y de varianza multivariado. En todas las pruebas se utilizó un nivel de significancia = 0,05. Resultados: El instrumento evidenció una alta confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach = 0.91). Se encontró que 69 % (99/143) de las estudiantes de la universidad privada y 50% (66/131) de la universidad pública sobrepasaron el punto de corte establecido; existiendo una diferencia significativa entre ambos (valor p = 0.000083). El análisis factorial constató la validez de cuatro factores de medición: 1) malestar por la imagen corporal, 2) influencia de publicidad 3) in-fluencia de los mensajes verbales y 4) influencias de los modelos sociales. Conclusiones: Las estudiantes de la universidad privada son más sensibles a las influencias del modelo estético corporal que contribuyen al adelgazamiento y con ello la probabilidad de incorporar prácticas habituales alimentarias de riesgo. (AU)

Introduction: The body aesthetic model is a set of strongly influential guidelines of the physical body characteristics, governed mainly by the cult of physical attractiveness with the exaltation of the body thinness. Objective: To compare the influence that have an aesthetic body model that contributes to weight loss between students of a private and public university. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, non-probabilistic study applied to female nutrition students between 18 and 24 years old. The CIMEC-40 was used as an instrument to measure the internalization of the body aesthetic model with a cutoff point = 23-24. The independent samples t-test was used to determine equality of means. Reliability, exploratory, confirmatory factorial and multivariate variance analyzes were also applied at this method. A significance level = 0.05 was used in all tests. Results: The instrument showed high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91). It was found that 69% (99/143) of all students from the private university and 50% (66/131) from the public university exceeded the established cut-off point, there being a significant difference between the two (p-value = 0.000083). The factorial analysis verified that the validity of four measurement factors: 1) body image discomfort, 2) advertising influence, 3) influence of verbal messages and 4) influences of social models. Conclusions: The students of the private university studied are more sensitive to the influences of the aesthetic body model that contribute to the weight loss and with it the probability of incorporating risky eating habits. (AU)

Conducta suicida y dualidad en trastornos por consumo de sustancias en drogodependientes ecuatorianos / Suicidal behavior and duality in disorders due to substance use among Ecuatorian drug addicts

Introducción: El consumo de drogas es considerado un elemento favorecedor de las conductas suicidas. En la medida que aumenta la frecuencia, intensidad, tiempo de consumo y la coexistencia con otros trastornos mentales también se incrementa la probabilidad de un comportamiento violento hacia sí mismo. Objetivo: Caracterizar pacientes adictos ecuatorianos con conductas suicidas y determinar posibles interacciones entre las variables sociodemográficas y de consumo consideradas. Método: Estudio transversal con pacientes drogodependientes que han sido ingresados en la Unidad de Conductas Adictivas (UCA) del Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil (INC) en el periodo 2010-2016. Se seleccionó una población de 922 pacientes que refirieron algún tipo de conducta suicida luego de haber comenzado el consumo de drogas, incluyendo la ideación y el intento suicidas en cualquiera de sus variantes. Resultados: En este análisis se observó que la población masculina predominó en este grupo de estudio, de los cuales aproximadamente 4 de cada 10 intentaron suicidarse (36,3 por ciento), mientras que las mujeres fueron aproximadamente 5 de cada 10 (46,3 por ciento). Conclusiones: Entre los pacientes con conductas suicidas que ingresaron en Unidad de Conductas Adictivas del Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil, Ecuador, entre el 2014 y 2017, predominaron mujeres que sufrieron de depresión o tenían comorbilidad con la esquizofrenia. Se trata de mujeres jóvenes de entre 15 a 25 años, que se iniciaron en el consumo de drogas entre los 15 y 20 años de edad, con intentos suicidas previos y depresión(AU)

Introduction: Illicit drug use is considered a favorable element highly associated to suicidal behavior. As the frequency, intensity, time of consumption and coexistence with other mental disorders, the probability of violent behavior towards oneself also increases. Objective: To characterize drug addict patients with suicidal behavior and determine possible links between sociodemographic and consumption variables. Method: A cross-sectional study in drug addict patients admitted in the Unidad de Conductas Adictivas (UCA) setted at the Instituto de Neurociencias (INC) in Guayaquil, Ecuador, was carried out, in the period 2010 throughout 2016. A total of 922 patients who referred any kind of suicidal behavior (including any kind of suicidal ideation or suicidal intent) were selected. Results: This research revealed that male population was predominant, in which 4 of 10 attempted suicide (36.3 percent), meanwhile in females was 5 in 10 approximately (46.3 percent). Conclusions: Among patients with suicidal behavior admitted in the Unidad de Conductas Adictivas (UCA) setted at the Instituto de Neurociencias (INC) in Guayaquil, Ecuador, between 2014 and 2017, women who suffered depressive symptoms or had schizophrenia as comorbidity were predominant. Women 15 to 20 years of age and with previous suicidal intent and depressive symptoms(AU)

Introdução: O uso de drogas é considerado um elemento que favorece o comportamento suicida. À medida que aumenta a frequência, intensidade, tempo de consumo e convivência com outros transtornos mentais, aumenta também a probabilidade de comportamento violento contra si mesmo. Objetivo: Caracterizar os dependentes químicos equatorianos com comportamento suicida e determinar as possíveis interações entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e de consumo consideradas. Método: Estudo transversal com pacientes dependentes químicos internados na Unidad de Conductas Adictivas (UCA) del Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil (INC), Equador, no período de 2010-2016. Foi selecionada uma população de 922 pacientes que relataram algum tipo de comportamento suicida após o início do uso da droga, incluindo ideação suicida e tentativa de suicídio em qualquer uma de suas variantes Resultados: Nesta análise observou-se que a população masculina predominou neste grupo de estudo, da qual aproximadamente 4 em 10 tentativas de suicídio (36,3 porcento), enquanto as mulheres foram aproximadamente 5 em 10 (46,3porcento). Conclusões: Entre os pacientes com comportamento suicida internados na Unidade de Comportamento Aditivo do Instituto de Neurociências de Guayaquil, Equador, entre 2014 e 2017, predominaram mulheres que sofriam de depressão ou apresentavam comorbidade com esquizofrenia. São mulheres jovens entre 15 e 25 anos, que começaram a usar drogas entre 15 e 20 anos, com tentativas anteriores de suicídio e depressão(AU)

Antioxidant activity optimization and GC-MS profile of aqueous extracts of Vernonanthura patens (Kunth) H. Rob. leaves.

The temperature and extraction time of aqueous extracts of Vernonanthura patens (Kunth) H. Rob. (AEVP) leaves obtained by decoction were optimized for maximum recovery of DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS+ inhibition activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) of 13 experimental runs was applied and second order polynomial models were used to describe the responses of the assessed extraction parameters. The optimized conditions: 79.79 °C and 126.23 minutes were found using the composite desirability function. The scavenging activity of assessed extracts could be correlated mostly to the presence of malic acid, succinic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, citric acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, inositol, and ß-amyrin detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These results have not been reported and support the potential application of AEVP as natural source of antioxidants.

Mercury assessment, macrobenthos diversity and environmental quality conditions in the Salado Estuary (Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador) impacted by anthropogenic influences.

Water and sediment quality, macrobenthos diversity and mercury levels were assessed in the Salado Estuary, Gulf of Guayaquil (Ecuador) during 2008, 2009 and 2014. Severe hypoxia, anoxia and large fluctuations of salinity occurred in an impacted sector within Guayaquil city relative to a mangrove area within the Salado Mangroves Faunal Production Reserve. Significant inter-site and temporal differences were observed for dissolved oxygen, salinity, total dissolved solids, percentage of silts and clays, and species diversity. Macrobenthos' species richness for both sectors was greater during 2008. Sediments revealed high concentrations of total mercury (THg) (1.20-2.76 mg kg-1 dw), exceeding Ecuador's SQG (0.1 mg kg-1 dw). Sediment THg were significantly lower in 2014 than 2008/09. Biota sediment sccumulation factor values for mussels (3.0 to 34), indicate high bioaccumulation potential from mercury-contaminated sediments. This work highlights the need to develop stronger environmental policies to protect the Salado Estuary from anthropogenic stressors.