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BACKGROUND: Snow reflectivity and altitude increase the exposure of ski resort workers to solar ultraviolet radiation. The aim was to assess the presence of skin cancer in ski resorts workers and compare it with other groups of outdoor workers reviewing published studies. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in the three largest ski resorts in Spain: Baqueira Beret, Lleida; Formigal, Huesca and Sierra Nevada, Granada. All outdoor workers including ski instructors were invited to participate in the study. The participants completed a validated questionnaire about sun exposure and underwent a skin examination. RESULTS: 219 workers were included in the study (80% male; mean age 43.8 (SD 11.31) years). Actinic keratosis (AK) but no other skin cancers were detected in 32 participants (14.62%). Those with AK worked in the Southernmost ski resort, were more likely to have light colour hair, and were older and with higher photoaging grade than those without them. CONCLUSION: Compared to other studies, outdoor workers on ski resorts show a higher prevalence of AK than general population but a lower prevalence than other groups of outdoor workers.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La ratio entre la longitud del segundo y cuarto dedos (2D:4D; índice digital) es diferente en mujeres y hombres, y está relacionada con el grado de exposición a andrógenos en el periodo prenatal. Este índice se ha asociado con rasgos de la conducta y diversas enfermedades, incluido el consumo tóxico de alcohol; sin embargo, no se ha estudiado directamente la relación entre este índice y las características de adicción al tabaco. El objetivo ha sido evaluar en fumadores la relación del índice digital con la intensidad del consumo de tabaco, su nivel de adicción y la motivación para dejar de fumar. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron en el estudio 104 voluntarios fumadores, 51 mujeres (49%) y 53 hombres. Se registró el índice digital de ambas manos. Se analizó su diferencia según sexo (prueba U de Mann-Whitney) y su posible asociación con el consumo de tabaco y puntuaciones de los test de dependencia de Fagerström y de motivación de Richmond (coeficiente Rho de Spearman). RESULTADOS: No se observó correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los índices digitales y las variables analizadas, tanto analizando a todos los participantes en conjunto como en el análisis separado por sexo. La única correlación con un valor de p inferior a 0,10 fue la establecida entre el índice digital derecho en hombres y el test de Fagerström (rho=0,231; p =0,09). CONCLUSIONES: No hay una correlación entre el índice digital 2D:4D (reflejo de la exposición androgénica fetal) y las características del consumo del tabaco
INTRODUCTION: The length of the second and fourth finger ratio (2D:4D; digital index) is different in women and men, and is related to the degree of exposure to androgens in the prenatal period. This index has been associated with behavioural traits and various diseases including toxic alcohol consumption; however, the relationship between this index and tobacco addiction characteristics has not been studied directly. The objective has been to evaluate in smokers the relationship of the digital index with the intensity of tobacco consumption, their level of addiction and the motivation to stop smoking. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 104 volunteer smokers, 51 women (49%) and 53 men were included in the study. The digital index of both hands was recorded. The difference was analysed according to sex (Mann-Whitney U test) and its possible association with tobacco consumption, Fagerström dependence and Richmond motivation test scores (Spearman Rho coefficient). RESULTS: No statistically significant correlation was observed between the digital indices and the variables analysed, both analysing all participants together and, in the sex, -segregated analysis. The only correlation with a p value of less than 0.10 was the one established between the right digital index in men and the Fagerström test (rho=0.231; p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: There is no correlation between the 2D:4D digital index (reflection of foetal androgen exposure) and the characteristics of tobacco use
