RESUMEN
The complication rate of ankle arthroscopy (AA) ranges from 3.5% to 14%. To avoid such complications, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the ankle, to perform the procedure very carefully and with appropriate instrumentation, and to use a non-invasive distraction technique. The most frequent complications are neurological (cutaneous nerve injuries), which are usually caused by direct injury during arthroscopic portals or by a distracting pin when using an invasive distraction technique. They usually resolve spontaneously within a few months. The iatrogenic formation of a pseudoaneurysm is a severe but extremely rare complication (an incidence of 0.008%). There are several treatments for pseudoaneurysms: external compression; direct thrombin injection, surgical intervention (resection of the damaged segment of the artery and reconstruction with a reversed long saphenous vein interposition graft), and endovascular embolisation. Other rare complications include wound infections (localised superficial infection), problems at the portal incisions (prolonged portal drainage, residual pain in the portal, portal scar dehiscence, cyst at the portal site), type I complex regional pain syndrome, instrument breakage, painful scars and nodules, and a number of other rarer complications. In conclusion, when performing AA, it is important to remember the potential complications and try to avoid them. When they do occur, it is essential to diagnose and treat them appropriately.
RESUMEN
The number of rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasties (RH-TKAs) is increasing. As a result, the number of complications related to these procedures will also increase.RH-TKAs have the theoretical advantage of reducing bone implant stresses and early aseptic loosening. However, these implants also have complication rates that cannot be ignored. If complications occur, the options for revision of these implants are limited.Dislocation of RH-TKAs is rare, with an incidence between 0.7% and 4.4%. If it occurs, this complication must be accurately diagnosed and treated quickly due to the high incidence of neurovascular complications.If the circulatory and neurological systems are not properly assessed or if treatment is delayed, limb ischemia, soft tissue death, and the need for amputation can occur.Dislocation of a RH-TKA is often a difficult problem to treat. A closed reduction should not be attempted, because it is unlikely to be satisfactory. In addition, in patients with dislocation of a RH-TKA, the possibility of component failure or breakage must be considered.Open reduction of the dislocation should be performed urgently, and provision should be made for revision (that is, the necessary instrumentation should be available) of the RH-TKA, if it proves necessary.The mobile part that allows rotation can have various shapes and lengths. This variance in design could explain why the reported outcomes vary and why there is a probability of tibiofemoral dislocation. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:107-112. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200093.
RESUMEN
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11420-018-9636-2.].
RESUMEN
Opioids have been widely used in the USA for pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, adverse effects, especially the possibility of addiction, have increased interest in opioid-free pain management after surgery. We therefore sought to review current pain management protocols after TKA, focusing especially on opioid-free alternatives. We reviewed the literature on pain management after TKA using Medline (PubMed), through June 30, 2018, using the keywords "TKA" and "analgesia." We found 388 articles but chose to analyze the 34 that presented high-quality (levels I and II) evidence. Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is a good option for reducing the use of post-operative opioids; many reports have compared LIA against a nerve block or studied the synergies between two protocols of loco-regional anesthesia. Multimodal blood-loss prevention is sometimes recommended in combination with opioid-free analgesia. In most studies, however, no differences are reported or contradictory results exist. Post-operative pain management protocols vary so much that it is difficult to strongly favor a determined pathway.