[Legislative and legal security of supervisory activities in the sphere of protection of consumers' rights and human well-being].

Sanitary legislation plays an important role in supervisory activities ensuring the protection of consumers' rights and human well-being. The paper considers the basic laws and standard acts allowing for legal regulation in this sphere of activities.

[Comparative evaluation of the safety of poly- and and oligoguanidines].

The antimicrobial activity and microenvironmental safety of poly- and oligoguanidine antiseptics were compared. E. coli and St. aureus test strains were found to be more sensitive to chlorohexidine bigluconate (CHB) upon a long (24 hour) exposure and to polyhexamethylene guanidine derivatives on short (30-second) contact. It is concluded that unlike polyguanidine antiseptics, CHB is more ecologically dangerous; when used for rapid disinfection, it can provoke impairment in the microenvironmental balance outside the area of application. The findings show it expedient to assess the microenvironmental safety of antimicrobial agents in order to prevent ecological catastrophes.

[Assessment of human health damage as a priority of human ecology and a tool for justifying managerial decisions].

The paper analyzes of the currently available guidelines for assessing damages (in kind and value terms) caused by environmental factors to the population's health. The contributions of various diseases, the quality of the environment, bad habits, and other internal and external factors to the mortality structure in Russia are compared. The authors show it important to study the comparative role of the quality of life and its style, environmental pollution, the population's subjective perception of risks in the formation of health damages.

[An analysis of the pathogenetic significance of irradiations from mobile phones]. / Analiz patogeneticheskoi znachimosti izluchenii mobil'nykh telefonov.

The biological effects of irradiations from mobile phones produced on different structures of the living matter, e.g. molecular-genetics, cells, organ-and-tissue, body and population, are analyzed in the paper. Possibilities of the genetic and epigenetic mutations, metabolic shifts, different-type cytopathic effects, oncogenesis induction, allergic conditions and of other processes associated with a certain lesion of the main structural-and-functional systems of microorganisms are elucidated. Irradiations from mobile phones are shown to have obvious effects on the molecular-and-genetic as well as on organ-and-tissue levels. However, contradictory enough data are available at the moment, which hamper a true evaluation of the unfavorable effects of the phenomenon both in respect to separate organisms and to a population as a whole. The offered analytic survey demonstrated distinctly a potential threat coming from a widely spread modern factor with the above threat requiring to be verified yet by special methods. It is equally quite obvious that, a need is shaping up to improve, in the future, the methods of detection and verification of "factor with finally non-established risk" as well as to investigate the potential pathological properties of such factors, which can essentially promote the system of the social-and-hygienic monitoring.

[Research priorities at medical prophylaxis faculty]. / Osnovnye napravleniia nauchnykh issledovanii na mediko-profilakticheskom fakul'tete.

Medical Prophylaxis Faculty of I. M. Setchenov Moscow Medical Academy, which is now 70 years old, has made a significant contribution to development of sanitary epidemiological service in the country and training of specialists and research and training staff. The main forms of activities are training, research, and improvement of training and methodological work on the basis of research results, as well as upbringing of students. Despite the difficulties arising in the course of science and economy reforms, the departments of the Faculty continue fundamental and applied research. This paper sums up the activities of Medical Prophylaxis Faculty and outlines the main trends of research carried out at its departments.

[Methodological principles of the improvement of monitoring of the effects of man-made environmental factors on human health]. / Metodologicheskie osnovy sovershenstvovaniia monitoringa vliianiia antropogennykh faktorov okruzhaiushchei sredy na zdorov'e naseleniia.

The paper reflects the basic principles in improving methods for studying the influence of environmental factors of anthropogenic origin on health. The basic principles of human toxicology, physiology, and genetics became a theoretical basis of this improvement. The main point of the paper lies in the variability of the body's adaptive capacities, which is caused by a complex of endogenous and exogenous factors. The adaptive reserve interpreted as a measure for the resistance of biological systems under specific environmental conditions is proposed as a universal index that reflects the whole complex of influences of these factors. The magnitude of a response to exposures at the populational level is shown to depend not only on their levels, but also on the average level of an adaptive reserve in the population, on the proportion of exposure-sensitive individuals.

[Problems in the prediction and assessment of total chemical load on the human body using computer technologies]. / Problemy prognozirovaniia i otsenki obshchei khimicheskoi nagruzki na organizm cheloveka s primeneniem komp'iuternykh tekhnologii.

The paper deals with trends in the development of upto-date computer-assisted multimedia systems and defines the promising trends in their practical use in hygienic investigations. Analyzing the structure and elements of foreign computer systems has led to the conclusion that they should be adapted to the Russian conditions. The authors outlined the problems which are associated with the development of Russian multimedia systems and the adaptation of foreign ones to the Russian conditions. One of the basically important issues is a discrepancy found in the American reference doses (concentrations) and daily doses given to the population when the hygiene regulations accepted in Russia are observed.