[Chemotherapy-associated clinical dynamics of nosogenic reactions in breast and ovarian cancer model]. / Assotsiirovannaya s khimioterapiei klinicheskaya dinamika nozogennykh reaktsii na modeli raka molochnoi zhelezy i yaichnikov.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features, dynamics and factors of nosogenic reactions (NR) development in patients with breast and ovarian cancers at the stage of chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 35 patients who underwent chemotherapy. Clinical-psychopathological and psychometric methods were used to assess the mental state. RESULTS: We distinguished 3 clinical types of nosogenic reactions: anxiety-phobic (n=14, 40%), anxiety-depression (n=13, 37%) and dissociative reaction (n=8, 23%). It was discovered that nosogenic reactions reflect the dynamics of psychopathological disorders associated with chemotherapy and they are connected with premorbid personality structure of the patients. When compared on the Mini-mult scales, differences were found between patients of the anxiety-phobic and dissociative groups: the score on the Anxiety and Depressive Tendencies scale was significantly higher in the group of patients with anxious-phobic NR (p<0.01), as was the score on the scale «Anxiety fixation and restrictive behavior¼, which was correlated with such personality traits as sensitivity, self-doubt, low self-esteem, obsessive fears (p<0.05). According to the results of the Spielberger-Khanin anxiety scale, in general, the sample was characterized by an increased level of anxiety compared to the norm: the average scores were 49.7 for trait anxiety and 47.7 for state anxiety. CONCLUSION: Nosogenic reactions can undergo dynamic changes at various stages of treatment. The proposed typology of nosogenies in a more detailed study can have not only scientific, but also practical significance for determining the personalized tactics of psychiatric care for cancer patients at different stages of the disease.

[Use of pharmacogenetic testing to prevent adverse drug reactions during statin therapy]. / Ispol'zovanie farmakogeneticheskogo testirovaniia dlia predotvrashcheniia nezhelatel'nykh lekarstvennykh reaktsii pri terapii statinami.

The number of patients receiving statins increases every year and due to the fact that they should take statins during their lives, the problem of their safety use comes to the forefront. The paper analyzes the safety of using the medications of this group and discusses the diagnosis of myopathies induced by statins and the occurrence of immune-mediated statin myopathies. It considers a personalized approach to prescribing statins, analyzes Russian and foreign experience in using pharmacogenetics to reduce the risk of myopathies, publishes the results of the authors' experience in clinically introducing pharmacogenetic testing at hospitals, and analyzes the long-term results of determining the polymorphism of the SLCO1B1 gene for the prediction of the risk of adverse events when using statins and estimating patient compliance to prescribed treatment.

Evaluation of the new control methods for oral poliomyelitis vaccine.

In the draft recommendations for production and control of OPV the WHO proposed new control methods: (i) mutant analysis with PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage (MAPREC) assay that allows evaluation of poliovirus population heterogeneity at the molecular level; (ii) neurovirulence (NV) test using transgenic mice susceptible to polioviruses and (iii) control of the seed lots for the presence of the simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA sequence. This paper is focused on our experience in the practical implementation of the new methods at the Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides (IPVE). Using methods based on PCR we have demonstrated that working seed viruses used by IPVE for OPV production are free from SV40 DNA sequences. Our experience on the conduction of the OPV type 3 control using TgPVR21 mice NV test (seven vaccine lots) and the MAPREC assay (more than 150 samples of single harvests and monovalent bulks) showed that these methods may be used instead of the monkey NV test, because they could not pass the vaccine failed monkey NV test. The necessity for single harvests control is discussed.

Poliomyelitis in Russia in 1998-1999.

After introducing surveillance for poliomyelitis and AFP cases in the Russian Federation in 1998, 740 AFP cases have been registered in 1998-1999, and 18 of that number were considered as vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP). Of 18 cases 11 were classified as VAPP of vaccine recipients and confirmed by virus isolation; from two of the vaccine recipients virus was not isolated, and five were poliomyelitis cases in contact non-vaccinated children. In all the cases the disease was characterised with the typical clinical picture with residual pareses and paralyses. One case was fatal. Vaccine virus type 3 has been isolated from all the vaccine recipients. The MAPREC test has shown that the quality of monovaccine type 3 bulks used for vaccinating these children did not differ from the quality of other bulk vaccines produced by the Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis. Patients surveyed for gammaglobulin were positive. Polioviruses type 1 isolated from two of the contact cases had changed antigenic properties and were recombinants of types 1 and 2.