[Functional activity of the brain depending on the degree of severity occupational noise-induced hearing loss]. / Funktsional'naya aktivnost' golovnogo mozga v zavisimosti ot stepeni vyrazhennosti professional'noi neirosensornoi tugoukhosti.

Research objective identification of the peculiarities of indicators of audiological examination, registration of somatosensory induced potentials (SSSP), level of constant potential (LCP) and neuropsychological testing in persons of flight composition (LLS) of civil aviation exposed to intra-cabin noise, depending on the degree of expression of professional neurosensory noise (ONIHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thresholds of acoustical sensitivity, levels of perception of shepotny, informal conversation, UPP, characteristic of SSVP, neuropsychological features at 45 patients with easy degree of PNST (LONIHL) and at 50 - with moderate degree of ONIHL (UONIHL) are studied. RESULTS: LCP in the left frontal (Fs), central dark (Pz) leads increased in persons with ONIHL, and the inter-peak interval of the N13-N20 characterizing the central conduct time increased. The FAB, unlike the LONIHL, is characterized by deterioration of cognitive activity in the form of easily pronounced decrease of visual memory functions, expressive speech, FAB scale value indicating priority dysfunction of frontal, dark-occipital lobes, subcortical cerebral structures. CONCLUSION: Neurofunctional markers in UONIHL are the reduction of the indicators of the interfamily relations on the frontal department, conceptual thinking, visual image memory, expressive speech, MMSE and FAB tests, the increase of LCP in the left temporal, central dark, occipital right central N13-N20, inter-peak N25.

[The case of the fulminant course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. / Sluchai molnienosnogo techeniia bokovogo amiotroficheskogo skleroza.

The authors report the case of a lightning-fast course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a 49-year female patient. The diagnosis was based on complaints, clinical picture, electroneuromyography and tomography of the cervical spine. The nature of the course of the disease was fulminant, since 6 months passed from the onset of the first symptoms to the pronounced process, and then to the fatal outcome.

[Emotional and physiologic features of civil aviation pilots with neurosensory deafness].

The article presents results of evaluation concerning neurophysiologic and psychoemotional state of pilots with occupational neurosensory deafness. Findings are that pilots with occupational neurosensory deafness demonstrate disorganized type of EEG, supported by fading alpha-rhythm, increased slow wave activity in delta range. Other changes are decreased conduction velocity in distal part of median and ulnar nerves - that indicates development of demyelination processes. Psychologic studies proved that personality structure in pilots with occupational neurosensory deafness has dominant traits of balanced emotional reactions, constructive ways to overcome difficulties.

[Role ofneuroautoimmune integration in pathogenesis of vibration disease].

Clinical immunologic and electroneuromyographic examination covered patients with vibration disease. Registered- demyelination disorders on lower and upper limbs in vibration disease patients were associated with neurochemical changes in special neural structures (OBM, S-100 protein, DNA, AH-R, DA-R, Ser-R, GAMK-R). Direct proof of demyelination disorders in vibration disease patients are reliable correlation between levels of antibodies to OBM and conduction velocity in distal part of median nerve, in ulnar nerve from elbow bend and lower third of arm, and ulnar residual latency. Diagnosed relations between levels of antibodies to regulatory proteins in nervous tissue (antibodies to OBM and to S-100 protein), neurotransmitters (antibodies to AH-R, DA-R, Ser-R, GAMK-R) and functional parameters of nervous system prove important role of autoimmune reactions in vibration disease pathogenesis.

[Mechanisms underlying changes in state of central nervous system pathways under exposure to metallic mercury].

The authors revealed mercury role in pathologic changes of central mechanisms underlying cerebral circulation in metabolic circle, associated with changes in central afferent pathways in thalamic region. Relationship was established between intensity of the diagnosed affect and changes in levels of antibodies to proteins S-100, general myeline protein, myeline-associated glycoprotein - that can indicate general neurodegeneration process. Antibodies level can serve as a marker of demyelination intensity in central pathways under exposure to neurotoxicants.

[Vibration disease: hygienic and medical aspects].

The hygienic assessment of working conditions of employees exposed to local vibration established that working conditions for employees ofvibration dangerous occupations at the aircraft plant according to the degree from a health standpoint and hazard are referred to the fourth (dangerous) class of the degree of danger that stipulates stable high levels of the morbidity rate. The leading factor is a local vibration that results in the consistently high levels of occupational morbidity rate. There was shown the efficiency of the use of the pulsed magnetic stimulation in the treatment ofpatients with vibration disease associated with the exposure to local vibration. For the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment in patients the condition of the central nervous system was determined with the use of computer electroencephalography with the registration of visual and auditory evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials; there was studied the state of the peripheral nerves in arms and legs relying upom electromyographic data; there was performed psychological study. After the performance of pulse magnetic stimulation in patients diagnosed to have the vibration diseases there were observed the improvement in the interaction of cortical-subcortical structures and associative areas of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. After treatment there was noted the shortening of the time of the conduction of the afferent wave of the excitation at the level of the cervical spinal cord, subcortical structures and the central conduction time. There was restored previously reduced the speed of the conduction of the impulse via the distal parts of the tibial and median nerve, through the ulnar nerve in the area of the elbow joint. There was noted the rise in the average temperature on the hands; the decline of thresholds of vibration and pain sensitivity; the improvement of indices characterizing of the state of mnestic- attentional and psycho-emotional scope of activity.

[State of central and peripheral conduction tracts in patients with long-term chronic mercury intoxication].

In connected sample, the authors studied changes in state of peripheral nerves (electroneuromyography) and central afferent conduction tracts (somatosensory evoked potentials) in patients with long-term chronic mercury intoxication. The study helped to reveal negative changes in peripheral and central afferent conduction tracts in the patients with long-term chronic mercury intoxication, more marked in 3 period of the study--demyelination of sensory and motor components of peripheral nerves and longer impulse propagation time in conduction tracts of subcortical and cortical structures of somatosensory brain cortex.

[On theory of sensory conflict under exposure to physical factors: main principles and concepts of formation].

The article presents results of longstanding studies on influence of occupational physical factors on workers health. Experimental and nature studies helped to justify basic concepts of sensory conflict theory, a trigger of occupational disease formation. Patients having occupational disease present disorders of cortex-subcortex relationships on diencephal level, central and peripheral regulatory mechanisms, central sensory mechanisms participation in pathologic processes development, changes in vegetative regulation on cerebral level, demyelination and axon demyelination changes in peripheral nerves of upper and lower limbs. Findings are also changes in central nervous, peripheral nervous systems, endocrine, immune systems, severe emotional negative strain and high level of nervous system excitation, perivascular edema in brain cortex of experimental animals. Based on key principles of the theory, the authors specified and tested new methods of treatment and prevention of occupational diseases caused by physical factors, aimed to unblock the sensory conflict.

[Diagnostic value of neuronal auto-antibodies and neurodegeneration of central conduction tracts in exposure to metallic mercury vapors].

Stationary medical examination covered chemical production workers (47 individuals) with long length of service, exposed to metallic mercury vapors, and patients in remote stage of chronic mercury intoxication (51 individuals). The examination included registration of somatosensory evoked potentials and levels of neuronal antibodies. Analysis of results helped to reveal relationship between intensity of structural disorders involving central afferent conduction tracts and changes in levels of auto-antibodies to S-100 proteins, general myelin protein, myelin-associated glycoprotein--that can indicate general neurodegeneration process in central structures. Level of neuronal antibodies can serve as a unique marker of demyelination intensity of central conduction tracts under exposure to neurotoxic chemicals and considerably decrease cost of examination during regular medical checkup.

[Main aspects of classification and course of occupational neurointoxication with toxic chemical complex in firemen].

The article covers results of long-standing research of peculiarities of psychoneurologic syndromes formation in firemen during distant period after intoxication with toxic chemical complex. The authors studied course, peculiarities of early manifestations of neurointoxication. Analysis of the data obtained helped to classify occupational intoxication with toxic chemical complex, considering the clinical peculiarities.

[Toxic encephalopathies in distant post-contact period of occupational neurointoxications (clinical and experimental studies)].

The article covers results of long-standing research on clinical peculiarities and course of toxic encephalopathy in distant period of occupational neurointoxications, on main concepts and pathogenetic steps of formation and progress of toxic encephalopathy. Through investigation covered firemen after exposure to complex of toxic chemicals and patients in post-contact period of chronic mercury intoxication. Modelling of chronic inhalation of metallic mercury vapors was performed.

[Clinical cases of occupational chronic manganese intoxication].

Classic symptoms of manganese intoxication are very rarely seen nowadays. Clinic in Angarsk Research Institute for Occupational medicine and Human ecology registered two cases of stage I and II chronic manganese intoxication over 10 years among electric welders. The cases were diagnosed with consideration of long length of exposure to manganese with the ambient air level exceeding the MAC 1.5 times, the disease manifestation at middle age, high manganese level in serum and urine, characteristic neurologic symptoms in association with organic psychopathologic defects and polyneuropathy of limbs.

[Results and prospects of scientific research on sensory conflict under exposure to noise and vibration at work].

The article presents results of longstanding research concerning influence of physical occupational hazards on workers' health. The authors justify a concept of sensory conflict developing under exposure to physical hazards and being a key chain in occupational diseases formation. New approaches are suggested to prevent occupational diseases caused by physical factors.

[Assessment of peripheral nerve pathways in patients with chronic mercury intoxication].

The analysis of the functional state of sensoric and motorial components of the peripheral nerves as well as the somatosensoric transferring ways based on the data of the electroneuromyographic studies and the registration of the somatosensoric induced potentials in the persons with the diagnosis of chronic mercury intoxication is given in this paper. A sensoric-motorial type of the peripheral nerve injury on the upper and lower extremities with a dominant involvement into the pathological process of a sensoric component has been revealed. The delay of time-course of the impulse transport along somatosensoric transferring ways at the different levels from the neck section to the crust representation has also been revealed. This may be a result of the central somatosensoric way injury in the patients examined.

[Defining functional state of peripheral nervous system in patients with vibration disease and occupational sensorineural deafness according to electroneuromyography parameters].

Pathological changes of the state of peripheral nerves according to data of electroneuromyography examination were observed both in patients with vibration disease as a result of local vibration impact and in patients with occupational sensorineural deafness. This suggests general mechanism of impact of physical factors on the human organism. In the first case observed changes were of more expressed character.

[Fanctional state of the nervous system in the fire fighters based on the registration data of induced somatosensoric potentials and electroneuromyographic examinations].

The study of functional nervous system state in 84 fire fighters performed using electroneuromyographic examinations and registration of induced somatosensoric potentials (ISSP) has revealed the distal disturbances of motive and sensitive axons of peripheral nerves. The findings were found to be more often observed in the normative value ranges which corresponded to the latent (clinically not pronounced) disorders. Analysis of ISSP showed the presence of changes at the level of the ERB" point in the subject examined, which reflected the pathology of the conducting nervous fibers of the shoulder plexus. This disorder may be considers as the consequence of physical strains as well as specific work of the fire fighters.

[Electroneuromyography in diagnosis of vibration disease and occupational polyneuropathy].

Electroneuromyography in workers exposed to local vibration revealed disordered functional state of nerves in lower and upper limbs, more significant in arms. Individuals exposed to local and general vibration combined with occupational hazards demonstrated more frequent axonal type of ulnar nerve disorder, with less length of service in comparison with group 1 members.

[Features of nervous system involvement under stress influence by occupational physical factors].

Somatosensory and auditory evoked potentials prove central and peripheral nervous system disorders in patients long exposed to vibration. Those disorders are altered impulse conductivity at all levels including peripheral neuron to nerve trunk, from the trunk to primary somatosensory cortex. Vibration is potent chronic stressor causing complicated neuroreflectory and neurohumoral disorders.

[Hormonal mechanisms of peripheral neuropathy in vibration disease].

Studies of peripheral limb nerves through stimulation electroneuromyography, evaluation of hormonal levels via radioimmune assay were performed in 59 patients having vibration disease caused by local vibration. Findings are obligatory signs of peripheral neuropathy and hypothyroid state without thyroid disease manifestations. Statistic analysis revealed reliable dependence between degree of motor axons functional deficit and level of serum triiodothyronine and thyroxin decrease--that could point to participation of thyroid hormones in peripheral neuropathy progression in vibration disease.