CAOS line camera.

Proposed and demonstrated is the coded access optical sensor (CAOS) line camera, a one-dimensional or line version of the two-dimensional (2D) digital-micromirror-device (DMD)-based CAOS camera. The proposed line camera design includes a precise dual-axis mirror scanning galvo system incorporating feedback control that eliminates the need for mechanical motion of either the camera or the target. CAOS line scan imaging experiments using a white light source with two test targets are conducted and compared with non-scan 2D CAOS imaging. Specifically, a 2D DMD operated as both a full-frame and a line modulator is used to demonstrate both full-frame (${127} \times {45}$127×45 pixels) and line (127 pixels) scan CAOS imaging. Also demonstrated is an increase in field of view (FOV) of the camera unit using the galvo system with FOV increased by factors of 2.87 and 1.67 in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. In addition, proposed for future implementation is a CAOS line camera design that allows analog and hybrid analog-digital time-frequency CAOS-mode irradiance coding for realizing improved inter-pixel cross talk. The CAOS line camera versus a 2D image sensor camera is suited for broad-spectrum large area/FOV imaging applications where high linear dynamic range and low contrast recovery are critical challenges, such as in active illumination inspection of archeological and art works and industrial machine parts.

Characteristics of prior emergency departments visits associated with subsequent opioid overdose.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aim to identify and discuss the clinical and demographic characteristics of previous emergency department (ED) patient visits, at one of the only two medical centers in Staten Island, the epicenter of the opioid epidemic within Staten Island, who subsequently present to the ED with an opioid overdose. DESIGN: This was a retrospective, observational study of all patients presenting to the emergency ED between July 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015. SETTING: The study was conducted at Staten Island University Hospital. The ED has a census of 120,000 patient visits per year. PATIENTS: All adult patients ≥ 18 years of age, with an ICD-9 code consistent with opioid intoxication and a history of intentional or unintentional overdose were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical and demographic characteristics of previous ED patient visits who subsequently presented to the ED with an opioid overdose. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-four subjects with a median age of 30 years [interquartile range, 24-40] were reviewed. Eighty-seven (70 percent) were males. Fifty-five subjects were admitted, 68 discharged, and one death. Patients were not more likely to present at any specific time of day. The most common past medical history was anxiety (21 percent), depression (20 percent), back pain (15 percent), hypertension (14 percent), and seizure disorder (11 percent). The most common past surgical history was a prior orthopedic procedure (11 percent). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified clinical and demographic characteristics of previous ED patient visits who subsequently present to the ED with an opioid overdose. These characteristics will be vital toward an increased understanding of subjects who subsequently experience an opioid overdose.