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Radiomics is a promising tool for the development of quantitative biomarkers to support clinical decision-making. It has been shown to improve the prediction of response to treatment and outcome in different settings, particularly in the field of radiation oncology by optimising the dose delivery solutions and reducing the rate of radiation-induced side effects, leading to a fully personalised approach. Despite the promising results offered by radiomics at each of these stages, standardised methodologies, reproducibility and interpretability of results are still lacking, limiting the potential clinical impact of these tools. In this review, we briefly describe the principles of radiomics and the most relevant applications of radiomics at each stage of cancer management in the framework of radiation oncology. Furthermore, the integration of radiomics into clinical decision support systems is analysed, defining the challenges and offering possible solutions for translating radiomics into a clinically applicable tool.
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Sistemas de Apoyo a Decisiones Clínicas , Neoplasias , Oncología por Radiación , Humanos , Oncología por Radiación/métodos , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagen , RadiómicaRESUMEN
There is an urgent need for continued research on the ecology of tick-borne diseases in Africa. Our objective was to provide a preliminary description of the ecology and epidemiology of tick species, tick-borne pathogens, and animal hosts in Zimbabwe, focusing efforts at Victoria Falls National Park, for a single season. We tested the hypothesis that tick surveillance and pathogen screening data can be used to model associations among ticks, hosts, and pathogens. We collected ticks from domesticated animals and wildlife in Zimbabwe and screened the ticks for the presence of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia bacteria. Nearly 30% of the screened ticks were PCR-positive; 89% of tick species were PCR-positive, and 88% of animal species carried at least one PCR-positive tick. We sequenced a subset of amplicons that were similar to three Anaplasma species and three Ehrlichia species. The odds of a tick being PCR-positive increased when many ticks were collected from the host or the tick was collected from a cow (domesticated animal). Tick species shared host species more often than expected. We demonstrate that ticks in northwestern Zimbabwe present a One Health problem for nearby wildlife and humans.
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Rickettsia , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas , Garrapatas , Bovinos , Femenino , Animales , Humanos , Anaplasma , Zimbabwe/epidemiología , Parques Recreativos , Estaciones del Año , Ehrlichia , Animales Salvajes , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/microbiología , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/veterinariaRESUMEN
Humans are estimated to consume several grams per week of nanoplastics (NPs) through exposure to a variety of contamination sources. Nonetheless, the effects of these polymeric particles on living systems are still mostly unknown. Here, by means of CD, NMR and TEM analyses, we describe at an atomic resolution the interaction of ubiquitin with polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs), showing how a hard protein corona is formed. Moreover, we report that in human HeLa cells exposure to PS-NPs leads to a sensible reduction of ubiquitination. Our study overall indicates that PS-NPs cause significant structural effects on ubiquitin, thereby influencing one of the key metabolic processes at the base of cell viability.
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Despite great advances in describing Bordetella pertussis infection, the role of the host microbiota in pertussis pathogenesis remains unexplored. Indeed, the microbiota plays important role in defending against bacterial and viral respiratory infections. We investigated the nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants infected by B. pertussis (Bp), Rhinovirus (Rv) and simultaneously by both infectious agents (Bp + Rv). We demonstrated a specific nasopharyngeal microbiome profiles for Bp group, compared to Rv and Bp + Rv groups, and a reduction of microbial richness during coinfection compared to the single infections. The comparison amongst the three groups showed the increase of Alcaligenaceae and Achromobacter in Bp and Moraxellaceae and Moraxella in Rv group. Furthermore, correlation analysis between patients' features and nasopharyngeal microbiota profile highlighted a link between delivery and feeding modality, antibiotic administration and B. pertussis infection. A model classification demonstrated a microbiota fingerprinting specific of Bp and Rv infections. In conclusion, external factors since the first moments of life contribute to the alteration of nasopharyngeal microbiota, indeed increasing the susceptibility of the host to the pathogens' infections. When the infection is triggered, the presence of infectious agents modifies the microbiota favoring the overgrowth of commensal bacteria that turn in pathobionts, hence contributing to the disease severity.
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Infecciones por Bordetella/microbiología , Bordetella pertussis/aislamiento & purificación , Coinfección , Hospitalización , Nasofaringe/microbiología , Nasofaringe/virología , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/virología , Rhinovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Bordetella/diagnóstico , Disbiosis , Femenino , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Metagenoma , Metagenómica , Microbiota , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/diagnóstico , RibotipificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The number of children living in socio-economically disadvantaged neighborhoods in developed countries is constantly growing, resulting in important implications for children's development, physical and psychological health and increased future disparities. In this study, we explored several key elements of children living in poor neighborhoods, such as demographic characteristics, access to public health assistance and school, and availability of housing and basic hygienic conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 711 children aged 0-17 years referring to primary care services in the suburbs of the city of Rome, Italy. RESULTS: Most children were born in Italy, while almost none of their parents were. Nearly 60% of the children did not have access to basic pediatric care, causing possible misdiagnosis and delayed treatment for acute and chronic conditions. A smaller percentage of the children did not have access to basic housing (8%) and hygienic facilities, such as heating, running water, and refrigerator (3.2%), leading to malnutrition, isolation and poor physical and psychological development. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms a critical condition for children living in disadvantaged neighborhoods, whose vulnerability is further worsened by the limited access to paediatric health assistance and, in some cases, to basic facilities with a severe impact on their physical and psychological development.
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Atención Primaria de Salud , Características de la Residencia , Condiciones Sociales , Poblaciones Vulnerables , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Italia , Masculino , Ciudad de RomaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To quantify preferences for attributes of potential analgesic treatments for moderate-to-severe pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) and/or chronic low back pain (CLBP) as relevant to injectable nerve growth factor (NGF)-inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids. METHODS: We used a discrete-choice experiment (DCE) to elicit preferences for attributes of OA and CLBP pharmaceutical treatments, and a best-worst scaling (BWS) exercise to further characterize the relative importance of treatment-related side-effect risks. The survey was completed online by 602 US residents with self-reported chronic, moderate-to-severe OA pain and/or CLBP who had tried, had contraindications for, or were unwilling to take currently available pharmaceutical therapies. In the DCE, respondents repeatedly chose between two hypothetical treatments defined by six attributes (symptom control; treatment-related risks of (1) severe joint problems, (2) heart attack, and (3) physical dependence; mode/frequency of administration; and cost). In the BWS exercise, respondents evaluated ten side-effect risks. Random-parameters logit models were estimated; conditional relative attribute importance, maximum acceptable risks, and willingness to pay were calculated. RESULTS: The most important DCE attributes were improving symptom control (scaled conditional relative importance, 10.00) and reducing risk of physical dependence (6.99). The three most important BWS attributes were, in rank order, risks of stroke, physical dependence, and heart attack. Respondents were willing to accept a > 4% treatment-related risk of severe joint problems for even modest symptom improvement. CONCLUSION: A pharmaceutical treatment with a risk of severe joint problems was viewed as an acceptable alternative to other treatments with comparable efficacy but risks associated with NSAIDs or opioids.
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Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Artralgia/tratamiento farmacológico , Conducta de Elección , Dolor Crónico/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Prioridad del Paciente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Gastos en Salud , Humanos , Inyecciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/antagonistas & inhibidores , Medición de Riesgo , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Blue natural pigments are rare, especially among plants. However, flowering species that evolved to attract Hymenoptera pollinators are colored by blue anthocyanin-metal complexes. Plants lacking anthocyanins are pigmented by betalains but are unable to produce blue hues. By extending the π-system of betalains, we designed a photostable and metal-free blue dye named BeetBlue that did not show toxicity to human hepatic and retinal pigment epithelial cells and does not affect zebrafish embryonal development. This chiral dye can be conveniently synthesized from betalamic acid obtained from hydrolyzed red beetroot juice or by enzymatic oxidation of l-dopa. BeetBlue is blue in the solid form and in solution of acidified polar molecular solvents, including water. Its capacity to dye natural matrices makes BeetBlue the prototype of a new class of low-cost bioinspired chromophores suitable for a myriad of applications requiring a blue hue.
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Colorantes/química , Colorantes/aislamiento & purificación , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Plantas/química , Animales , Fenómenos Químicos , Color , Colorantes/análisis , Colorantes/toxicidad , Teoría Funcional de la Densidad , Metales , Estructura Molecular , Pigmentación , Análisis Espectral , Pez CebraRESUMEN
Ornamental flowers are commonly planted in urban and suburban areas to provide foraging resources for pollinator populations. However, their role in supporting broad pollinator biodiversity is not well established as previous studies have been conducted in urban landscapes with pollinator communities that are distinct from those in natural systems. We observed pollinator visitation patterns to five ornamental annual plant genera and their cultivars over multiple years at two semi-natural sites in Pennsylvania to understand their potential for supporting diverse pollinator communities. There was significant variation in visitor abundance and diversity by season and year for many annual ornamental cultivars. Within some genera, cultivars had similar visitor abundance, diversity, and main visitor taxa, while cultivars in other genera varied greatly in these measures. We observed only polylectic (pollen generalist) bee species visiting annual ornamentals, despite the presence of oligolectic (pollen specialist) bee species in the background population. We conclude that the attractiveness of annual ornamental plants likely depends on both cultivar characteristics and environmental context. While their role in supporting complex pollinator populations is limited both based on the number of and dietary breadth of the species they support, ornamental plants may nonetheless provide long-lasting supplemental foraging resources for the generalist pollinator communities characteristic of urban and suburban environments.
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Flores , Polinización , Animales , Abejas , Biodiversidad , Pennsylvania , PolenRESUMEN
Blue natural pigments are rare, especially among plants. However, flowering species that evolved to attract Hymenoptera pollinators are colored by blue anthocyanin-metal complexes. Plants lacking anthocyanins are pigmented by betalains but are unable to produce blue hues. By extending the p-system of betalains, we designed a photostable and metal-free blue dye named BeetBlue that did not show toxicity to human hepatic and retinal pigment epithelial cells and does not affect zebrafish embryonal development. This chiral dye can be conveniently synthesized from betalamic acid obtained from hydrolyzed red beetroot juice or by enzymatic oxidation of L-dopa. BeetBlue is blue in the solid form and in solution of acidified polar molecular solvents, including water. Its capacity to dye natural matrices makes BeetBlue the prototype of a new class of low-cost bioinspired chromophores suitable for a myriad of applications requiring a blue hue.
RESUMEN
Blue natural pigments are rare, especially among plants. However, flowering species that evolved to attract Hymenoptera pollinators are colored by blue anthocyanin-metal complexes. Plants lacking anthocyanins are pigmented by betalains but are unable to produce blue hues. By extending the p-system of betalains, we designed a photostable and metal-free blue dye named BeetBlue that did not show toxicity to human hepatic and retinal pigment epithelial cells and does not affect zebrafish embryonal development. This chiral dye can be conveniently synthesized from betalamic acid obtained from hydrolyzed red beetroot juice or by enzymatic oxidation of L-dopa. BeetBlue is blue in the solid form and in solution of acidified polar molecular solvents, including water. Its capacity to dye natural matrices makes BeetBlue the prototype of a new class of low-cost bioinspired chromophores suitable for a myriad of applications requiring a blue hue.
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BACKGROUND: Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent type of endometrial cancer. Diagnostic codes to identify endometrial adenocarcinoma in administrative databases, however, have not been validated. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an algorithm for identifying the occurrence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in a health insurance claims database. METHODS: To identify potential cases among women in the HealthCore Integrated Research Database (HIRD), published literature and medical consultation were used to develop an algorithm. The algorithm criteria were at least one inpatient diagnosis or at least two outpatient diagnoses of uterine cancer (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) 182.xx) between 1 January 2010 and 31 August 2014. Among women fulfilling these criteria, we obtained medical records and two clinical experts reviewed and adjudicated case status to determine a diagnosis. We then estimated the positive predictive value (PPV) of the algorithm. RESULTS: The PPV estimate was 90.8% (95% CI 86.9-93.6), based on 330 potential cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Women who fulfilled the algorithm but who, after review of medical records, were found not to have endometrial adenocarcinoma, had diagnoses such as uterine sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterus, endometrial stromal sarcoma, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, leiomyosarcoma, or colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS: An algorithm comprising one inpatient or two outpatient ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes for endometrial adenocarcinoma had a high PPV. The results indicate that claims databases can be used to reliably identify cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma in studies seeking a high PPV.
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In recent years, climate change has been influenced by air pollution, and this destructive combination has justifiably sounded an alarm for nations and many institutional bodies worldwide. Official reports state that the emission of greenhouse gases produced by human activity are growing, and consequently also the average temperature. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that health effects expected in the future due to climate change will be dramatic, and has invited international groups to investigate potential remedies. A task force has been established by the Italian Society of Allergology, Asthma and Clinical Immunology (SIAAIC), with the aim to actively work on correlation between pollution and climate change. The Task Force provided prevention tools to suggest city leaders how to improve the health conditions of allergic people in public urban parks. The "Allergy Safe Tree Decalogue" suggests the preparation and maintenance of public low allergy-impact greenery. Through the Twinning ARIA project, the Division for the Promotion and Enhancement of Health Innovation Programs of Campania Region (Italy), sought to promote the implementation of the project in the regional Health System. The main objective will be to investigate the current use and usefulness of mobile phone Apps in the management of allergic respiratory disease, through Mobile Airways Sentinel networK (MASK), the Phase 3 of the ARIA initiative, based on the freely available MASK App (the Allergy Diary, Android and iOS platforms). The effects of these prevention activities will be registered and compared with monitoring efforts thanks to the Aerobiology Units, located throughout the Campania area. A joint effort between researchers and public administrations for the implementation of prevention plans coherently with the two models proposed in a specific area, i.e. the Decalogue for public administrations and the MASK Allergy Diary app for individual patients suffering from allergy, will be implemented as a pilot.
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BACKGROUND: Patient-derived organoids (PDO) technology represents an emerging tool for the study of tumor biology and drug responsiveness, thus being useful to design personalized medicine approaches. Despite several studies and clinical trials are ongoing using PDO from colorectal and pancreatic cancer, only few research papers have been published exploiting PDO from breast cancer. Here, we have developed a new protocol to establish PDO from surgical and biopsy samples. Furthermore, we have set up also the methodologies adopted for culture and morphological evaluations. RESULTS: Surgical and core biopsy specimens collected from 33 patients with diagnosis of breast cancer have been processed using the protocols here described obtaining PDO from cancerous and healthy mammary tissue (when available) in a quick and easy way with good yields. The more critical aspects influencing the yield were the characteristic of the tissue of origin (healthy vs tumor tissue) and the amount of material obtained after enzymatic digestion process. Success rate from healthy samples was about 20,83%, while this percentage was higher in samples from cancer tissue (i.e. 87,5%). Also the morphological characterization of breast cancer PDO by brightfield and transmission electron microscopy has been reported. CONCLUSIONS: Despite obtaining some organoids from a surgical or biopsy specimen is not a difficult procedure, the establishment of a stable organoid line able to grow and replicate, suitable for long-term biobank storage, is not so obvious. A novel, simple and quick procedure to obtain PDO from surgical and biopsy samples is here proposed to achieve high success rate .
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BACKGROUND: Abaloparatide is a 34-amino acid peptide that selectively binds to the RG conformation of the parathyroid hormone receptor type 1. It was developed for the treatment of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis at high risk of fracture. In ACTIVE, an 18-month phase 3 study (NCT01343004), abaloparatide increased bone mineral density (BMD), decreased the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures compared with placebo, and decreased the risk of major osteoporotic fractures compared with placebo and teriparatide. Here, we report a prospective, exploratory BMD responder analysis from ACTIVE. METHODS: Proportions of patients experiencing BMD gains from baseline of >0%, >3%, and >6% at the total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine at 6, 12, and 18â¯months of treatment were compared among the placebo, abaloparatide, and teriparatide groups in ACTIVE. Responders were defined prospectively as patients experiencing BMD gains at all 3 anatomic sites. RESULTS: At months 6, 12, and 18, there were significantly more >3% BMD responders in the abaloparatide group compared with placebo and teriparatide: month 6, 19.1% vs 0.9% for placebo and 6.5% for teriparatide; month 12, 33.2% vs 1.5% and 19.8%; month 18, 44.5% vs 1.9% and 32.0% (Pâ¯<â¯0.001 for all comparisons of abaloparatide to placebo and to teriparatide). Findings were similar for the >0% and >6% responder thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, a significantly greater proportion of patients treated with abaloparatide experienced increases in BMD than did those treated with placebo or teriparatide.
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Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína Relacionada con la Hormona Paratiroidea/farmacología , Teriparatido/farmacología , Anciano , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , PlacebosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate guideline application and colonoscopy findings in real-life practice in acromegaly. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational non-interventional and cross-sectional analysis on 146 patients with acromegaly (ACRO) referred to our clinic. We evaluated colonoscopy data, focusing on the correlation between colonoscopy findings and hormonal/metabolic values. RESULTS: The total number of colonoscopies performed in ACRO patients increased from 6 in the period 1990-1994 to 57 in the period 2010-2014. Colonoscopy procedures were performed according to guidelines in 25% of ACRO patients at diagnosis, 51% at follow-up and 11% globally (both at diagnosis and follow-up). Among the 146 ACRO patients, 68% were subjected to at least one colonoscopy and in 32% of the cases a polyp was detected during the procedure. The presence of polyps was significantly associated with mean levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), fasting glucose and insulin levels (p < 0.05). Polyps were detected in 48% of untreated patients and in 26% of patients under treatment for acromegaly (p = 0.04). The general risk of polyps and adenomatous polyps in ACRO patients was higher compared to the control population of Veneto Region, Italy (odds ratio 1.33 and 1.16, respectively). No cancerous polyps were detected in our analysis. CONCLUSION: In real-life practice, adherence to ACRO colonoscopy clinical guidelines was lower than expected. Among patients who underwent colonoscopy, the prevalence of colon polyps was higher for ACRO patients, suggesting the need for new strategies to ensure adherence to colonoscopy guidelines.
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Acromegalia/epidemiología , Pólipos Adenomatosos/patología , Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Pólipos del Colon/patología , Colonoscopía/normas , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto/normas , Acromegalia/sangre , Acromegalia/diagnóstico , Pólipos Adenomatosos/sangre , Pólipos Adenomatosos/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Neoplasias del Colon/sangre , Neoplasias del Colon/epidemiología , Pólipos del Colon/sangre , Pólipos del Colon/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Adhesión a Directriz , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study compares immunohistochemical (IHC) versus molecular subtyping (BluePrint and MammaPrint) in the population of patients enrolled in MINDACT and outcome based on molecular subtyping (MS) versus surrogate pathological subtyping (PS) as defined by the 2013 St. Gallen guidelines. METHODS: MS classified patients in the following subtypes: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER-2-, and Basal-type. IHC/FISH for pathological subtyping (ER, PgR, HER-2, and Ki67) was centrally assessed in the European Institute of Oncology (n = 5806). Hazard ratios for distant-metastasis-free survival (DMFS) by subtype were adjusted for chemotherapy and endocrine therapy administration and thus independent of adjuvant treatment allocation. RESULTS: PS Luminal cancers classified as HER-2+ or Basal-type by MS did not have a significantly lower DMFS than the Luminal-type cancers by MS (95.9%): HR = 1.40, 95% CI 0.75-2.60 (p = 0.294). More patients were identified with Luminal A disease by MS (63%) as compared with PS (47%) with comparable 5-year DMFS (≥96.0%). Among the 500 patients with PS TN cancers, MS identified 24 (5%) patients as Luminal-type with 5-year DMFS estimated at 100% versus 71.4% for MS HER-2+ or 90.1% for MS Basal-type. CONCLUSIONS: MS was able to re-stratify 54% of patients with a Luminal-B PS subtype to a low-risk Luminal A-type group with comparable outcome. Among TN EBC, 5% were classified as Luminal by MS with Luminal-like outcome. Molecular classification can help to identify a larger group of patients with low risk of recurrence compared with the more contemporarily used classification methodology including high-quality assessed Ki67.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Pronóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Receptores de Estrógenos/genética , Receptores de Progesterona/genéticaRESUMEN
Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the most common arrhythmia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). As in the general population, in CKD patients AF is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism and stroke. However, CKD patients, especially those on renal replacement therapy (RRT), also exhibit an increased risk of bleeding, especially from the gastrointestinal tract. Oral anticoagulation is the most effective form of thromboprophylaxis in patients with AF presenting increased risk of stroke. Limited evidence on efficacy, the increased risk of bleeding as well as some concern regarding the use of warfarin in CKD, has often resulted in the underuse of anticoagulation CKD patients. A large body of evidence suggests that non-vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulant agents (NOACs) significantly reduce the risk of stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality, with lower to similar major bleeding rates compared with vitamin K antagonist such as warfarin in normal renal function subjects. Hence, they are currently recommended for patients with atrial fibrillation at risk for stroke. However, NOACs metabolism is largely dependent on the kidneys for elimination and little is known in patients with creatinine clearance <25ml/min who were excluded from all pivotal phase 3 NOACs trials. This review focuses on the current pharmacokinetic, observational, and prospective data on NOACs in patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease (creatinine clearance 15-49ml/min) and those on dialysis.
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Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Fibrilación Atrial/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Tromboembolia/prevención & control , Administración Oral , Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Anticoagulantes/efectos adversos , Anticoagulantes/farmacocinética , Dabigatrán/administración & dosificación , Dabigatrán/efectos adversos , Dabigatrán/farmacocinética , Dabigatrán/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Pirazoles/administración & dosificación , Pirazoles/efectos adversos , Pirazoles/farmacocinética , Pirazoles/uso terapéutico , Piridinas/administración & dosificación , Piridinas/efectos adversos , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Piridonas/administración & dosificación , Piridonas/efectos adversos , Piridonas/farmacocinética , Piridonas/uso terapéutico , Rivaroxabán/administración & dosificación , Rivaroxabán/efectos adversos , Rivaroxabán/farmacocinética , Rivaroxabán/uso terapéutico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Tiazoles/administración & dosificación , Tiazoles/efectos adversos , Tiazoles/farmacocinética , Tiazoles/uso terapéutico , Tromboembolia/etiología , Warfarina/administración & dosificación , Warfarina/efectos adversos , Warfarina/farmacocinética , Warfarina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
According to the recent definition proposed by the Consensus conference on Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Group, the term cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) has been used to define different clinical conditions in which heart and kidney dysfunction overlap. Type 1 CRS (acute cardio- renal syndrome) is characterized by acute worsening of cardiac function leading to AKI (5, 6) in the setting of active cardiac disease such as ADHF, while type - 2 CRS occurs in a setting of chronic heart disease. Type 3 CRS is closely link to acute kidney injury (AKI), while type 4 represent cardiovascular involvement in chronic kidney disese (CKD) patients. Type 5 CRS represent cardiac and renal involvement in several diseases such as sepsis, hepato - renal syndrome and immune - mediated diseases.
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Síndrome Cardiorrenal/fisiopatología , Función Ventricular/fisiología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute inflammatory vasculitis of unknown origin. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 5-month-old child with an atypical form of KD, characterized by undulating symptoms, who developed an aneurysm of the right coronary artery and an ectasia of the left anterior descending coronary artery. CONCLUSION: This case report underlines the difficulties in recognizing incomplete forms of the illness in young infants, who are at higher risk of cardiac complications.
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Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Aneurisma/etiología , Vasos Coronarios , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/complicaciones , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/diagnóstico , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Ecocardiografía/métodos , Humanos , Lactante , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Two nuclear genes, ACTN3, encoding for the α-actinin skeletal muscle isoform 3, and ACE encoding the angiotensin-converting enzyme, have both been associated with quantitative physical performance traits in the general population. The purpose of our study was to assess the association between the two nuclear gene variants, R577X (rs1815739) in ACTN3 and I/D (rs4340) in ACE, with elite athletes performance and the effect of training on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in peripheral blood. We evaluated the genotypes and frequencies of ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms between soccer players (n = 43) and healthy non-athletic controls (n = 128). Total DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples using the standard procedure. The genotypes were assessed by PCR-RFLP analysis and mtDNA cellular content by RT-PCR. The soccer players showed a tendency to a prevalence of ACTN3RR and ACEDD genotypes both independently and in co-occurrence. The effect of physical training on the mitochondrial DNA content in the athletic population was reflected strikingly in its increase in peripheral blood. Based on our results, we suggest that the analysis of ACTN3 and ACE genotypes could predict talent in the soccer field and that knowledge of the genetic variants could determine types and training times for soccer players. In addition, the novelty of this work, never before described in the sports literature, is that the increase of mitochondrial content can be correlated with the training load, suggesting that the mtDNA copy number may be considered a viable bioenergetics biomarker.