Serum Organophosphorus compound levels as a surrogate marker for severity assessment and management in Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning - A novel approach.

Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are the most extensively used pesticides' class worldwide; cause most self­poisoning deaths especially in India. Thus, it is utmost important for early identification and aggressive management of OP poisoning from the clinical perspective to prevent serious complications by using sophisticated LC-MS/MS approach. This was a prospective study involving 103 patients of OP cases admitted to Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences from June 2022 to May 2023, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria patients were subjected to study. On admission, venous blood was collected from patient with Malathion and Profenofos OP poisoning history and subjected to serum biomarker and to LC-MS/MS analysis. Out of the 103 patients, 68 patients consumed Profenofos (66%) and 35 patients consumed Malathion (34%). Pseudocholinesterase levels among the of OP cases revealed that the 33 patients had mild toxicity, 40 patients had moderate toxicity and 30 patients had severe toxicity of OP poisoning. Subsequently LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the results obtained are not in correlation with indirect serum marker pseudocholinesterase levels. On the other side, LC-MS/MS results are in correlation with the clinical outcome of the patients with respect to morbidity and mortality. Thus, LC-MS/MS approach to assess the OP levels in patients could be used as potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for the absolute quantification of OP compounds compared to indirect OP levels estimation.

A CTAB-assisted PANI-MoS2 nanosheet flower morphology for the highly sensitive electrochemical detection of hydrazine.

In this work, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted polyaniline-molybdenum disulfide (CPANI-MoS2) nanosheets with a flower morphology have been synthesized through in situ polymerization and a hydrothermal method. The composite was analyzed for structural modification through X-ray diffraction (XRD) to examine chemical changes and the presence of functional groups via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The surface morphology was identified by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) techniques. The CPANI-MoS2 nanosheet glassy carbon electrode (GCE) offers a novel strategy for the electrochemical detection of carcinogenic hydrazine. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve demonstrated a quasi-reversible behaviour with a high-surface area. Furthermore, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis of hydrazine detection showed a wide linear range from 10 µM to 100 µM, a low limit of detection of 0.40 µM, and a high sensitivity of 7.23 µA µM cm-2. The determination of hydrazine in a water sample and the recovery percentage were found to be 100.31% and 103.73%, respectively. The CPANI-MoS2 nanosheet GCE significantly contributed to the high electroanalytical oxidation activity due to the CTAB surfactant modifying the flower-like nanosheet morphology, which enables the easy adsorption of hydrazine analyte species and exhibits a high current rate with a rapid detection response.

Effect of Papaverine on Left Internal Mammary Artery Flow: Topical Spraying versus Perivascular Injection Method.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze two techniques of papaverine application, topical spray on the harvested left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and perivascular injection, to find out their ability to improve LIMA flow. METHODS: Forty patients were randomized into two groups. In Group 1, papaverine was sprayed on the harvested pedunculated LIMA. In Group 2, papaverine was delivered into the perivascular plane. Drug dosage was the same for both groups. LIMA flow was measured 20 minutes after applying papaverine. Blood flow was recorded for 20 seconds and flow per minute was calculated. The systemic mean pressures were maintained at 70 mmHg during blood collection. The data collected was statistically evaluated and interpreted. RESULTS: The LIMA blood flow before papaverine application in the Group 1 was 51.9±13.40 ml/min and in Group 2 it was 55.1±15.70 ml/min. Statistically, LIMA flows were identical in both groups before papaverine application. The LIMA blood flow, post papaverine application, in Group 1 was 87.20±13.46 ml/min and in Group 2 it was 104.7±20.19 ml/min. The Group 2 flows were statistically higher than Group 1 flows. CONCLUSION: Papaverine delivery to LIMA by the perivascular injection method provided statistically significant higher flows when compared to the topical spray method. Hence, the perivascular delivery of papaverine is more efficient than the spray method in improving LIMA blood flow.

Effect of papaverine on left internal mammary artery flow: topical spraying versus perivascular injection method

Abstract Objective: To analyze two techniques of papaverine application, topical spray on the harvested left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and perivascular injection, to find out their ability to improve LIMA flow. Methods: Forty patients were randomized into two groups. In Group 1, papaverine was sprayed on the harvested pedunculated LIMA. In Group 2, papaverine was delivered into the perivascular plane. Drug dosage was the same for both groups. LIMA flow was measured 20 minutes after applying papaverine. Blood flow was recorded for 20 seconds and flow per minute was calculated. The systemic mean pressures were maintained at 70 mmHg during blood collection. The data collected was statistically evaluated and interpreted. Results: The LIMA blood flow before papaverine application in the Group 1 was 51.9±13.40 ml/min and in Group 2 it was 55.1±15.70 ml/min. Statistically, LIMA flows were identical in both groups before papaverine application. The LIMA blood flow, post papaverine application, in Group 1 was 87.20±13.46 ml/min and in Group 2 it was 104.7±20.19 ml/min. The Group 2 flows were statistically higher than Group 1 flows. Conclusion: Papaverine delivery to LIMA by the perivascular injection method provided statistically significant higher flows when compared to the topical spray method. Hence, the perivascular delivery of papaverine is more efficient than the spray method in improving LIMA blood flow.