RESUMEN
Background: Statins are a first line, evidence-based yet underprescribed treatment for cardiovascular primary prevention. In primary care settings, multimorbidity is a complex situation which makes it difficult to apply prevention guidelines. Aim: To assess the associations between multimorbidity and prescription of statins in accordance with the 2016 ESC recommendations ("appropriate prescription"), and to identify the factors and conditions associated with these prescriptions. Design and setting: Cross-sectional prospective study in the French region of Rhône-Alpes among 40 general practitioners and their patients. Methods: We examined the association between appropriate statin prescription and several patient characteristics, including multimorbidity, using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Between August 2017 and February 2019, 327 patients were included in the study. Seventy-four (22.6%) were on statin medication and 199 (60.9%) exhibited multimorbidity, defined as ≥2 diseases. Only 22.5% of eligible patients were prescribed statins for primary prevention. Diabetes was most strongly associated with appropriate statin prescription (aOR 8.10, CI 95: 3.81-17.80). Multimorbidity was not associated with appropriate statin prescription (aOR 1.31, CI 95: 0.54-3.26), except in the presence of diabetes which defined diabetic multimorbidity (aOR 10.46, CI 95: 4.87-23.35). Conversely, non-diabetic multimorbidity was associated with lower odds of being appropriately prescribed a statin (aOR 0.26, CI 95: 0.12-0.56). Conclusion: Multimorbidity, in itself, does not seem to be a determinant factor for appropriate statin prescription. The latter appears to be determined by a patient's type of multimorbidity, especially the presence or not of diabetes. Differentiating between diabetic and non-diabetic multimorbidity may be a pragmatic way for GPs to improve primary prevention in a patient-centered and shared decision-making approach.
RESUMEN
Rho family small GTPases are involved in the spatio-temporal regulation of several physiological processes. They operate as molecular switches based on their GTP- or GDP-bound state. Their GTPase activator proteins (Rho/Rac GAPs) are able to increase the GTP hydrolysis of small GTPases, which turns them to an inactive state. This regulatory step is a key element of signal termination. According to the human genome project the potential number of Rho family GAPs is approximately 70. Despite their significant role in cellular signaling our knowledge on their expression pattern is quite incomplete. In this study we tried to reveal the tissue-distribution of Rho/Rac GAPs based on expressed sequence tag (EST) database from healthy and tumor tissues and microarray experiments. Our accumulated data sets can provide important starting information for future research. However, the nomenclature of Rho family GAPs is quite heterogeneous. Therefore we collected the available names, abbreviations and aliases of human Rho/Rac GAPs in a useful nomenclature table. A phylogenetic tree and domain structure of 65 human RhoGAPs are also presented.