RESUMEN
Correction for 'Intelligent micro/nanorobots based on biotemplates' by Ting Chen et al., Mater. Horiz., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh00114a.
RESUMEN
Intelligent micro/nanorobots based on natural materials as biotemplates are considered to be some of the most promising robots in the future in the microscopic field. Due to the advantages of biotemplates such as unique structure, abundant resources, environmental friendliness, easy removal, low price, easy access, and renewability, intelligent micro/nanorobots based on biotemplates can be endowed with both excellent biomaterial activity and unique structural morphology through biotemplates themselves and specific functions through artificial micro/nanotechnology. Thus, intelligent micro/nanorobots show excellent application potential in various fields from biomedical applications to environmental remediation. In this review, we introduce the advantages of using natural biological materials as biotemplates to build intelligent micro/nanorobots, and then, classify the micro/nanorobots according to different types of biotemplates, systematically detail their preparation strategies and summarize their application prospects. Finally, in order to further advance the development of intelligent micro/nanorobots, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects of biotemplates. Intelligent micro/nanorobots based on biotemplates are a perfect combination of natural biotemplates and micro/nanotechnology, which is an important trend for the future development of micro/nanorobots. We hope this review can provide useful references for developing more intelligent, efficient and safe micro/nanorobots in the future.
RESUMEN
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C8SC04637A.].
RESUMEN
In this study, a new biosensor based on a sandwich structure has been developed for the isolation and detection of multiple bacterial pathogens via magnetic separation and SERS tags. This novel assay relies on antimicrobial peptide (AMP) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as "capturing" probes for bacteria isolation and gold coated silver decorated graphene oxide (Au@Ag-GO) nanocomposites modified with 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) as SERS tags. When different kinds of bacterial pathogens are combined with the SERS tags, the "fingerprints" of 4-MPBA show corresponding changes due to the recognition interaction between 4-MPBA and different kinds of bacterial cell wall. Compared with the label-free SERS detection of bacteria, 4-MPBA here can be used as an internal standard (IS) to correct the SERS intensities with high reproducibility, as well as a Raman signal reporter to enhance the sensitivity and amplify the differences among the bacterial "fingerprints". Thus, three bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were successfully isolated and detected, with the lowest concentration for each of the strains detected at just 101 colony forming units per mL (CFU mL-1). According to the changes in the "fingerprints" of 4-MPBA, three bacterial strains were successfully discriminated using discriminant analysis (DA). In addition, the AMP modified Fe3O4NPs feature high antibacterial activities, and can act as antibacterial agents with low cellular toxicology in the long-term storage of blood for future safe blood transfusion applications. More importantly, this novel method can be applied in the detection of bacteria from clinical patients who are infected with bacteria. In the validation analysis, 97.3% of the real blood samples (39 patients) could be classified effectively (only one patient infected with E. coli was misclassified). The multifunctional biosensor presented here allows for the simultaneous isolation, discrimination and killing of bacteria, suggesting its high potential for clinical diagnosis and safe blood transfusions.
