Citizen science initiative points at childhood BCG vaccination as a risk factor for COVID-19.

Current results do not provide conclusive evidence on the effect of BCG vaccination on COVID-19 alone or in combination with other factors. To address this limitation, in this study we used a citizen science initiative on the COVID-19 pandemic to collect data worldwide during 2 October 2020-30 October 2020 (1,233 individuals) in a structured way for analysing factors and characteristics of affected individuals in relation to BCG vaccination. For the first time, the results of our study suggested that vaccination with BCG may increase the risk for COVID-19 at certain age, particularly in individuals vaccinated at childhood. Childhood BCG vaccination increased the likelihood of being diagnosed with COVID-19 fivefold in COVID-19 low-incidence countries and threefold in high-incidence countries. A reasonable explanation for this effect is the activation of certain innate immunity mechanisms associated with inflammatory reactions. These factors should be considered when analysing the risks associated with this global pandemic.

The Bacterial Community Structure and Microbial Activity in a Traditional Organic Milpa Farming System Under Different Soil Moisture Conditions.

Agricultural practices affect the bacterial community structure, but how they determine the response of the bacterial community to drought, is still largely unknown. Conventional cultivated soil, i.e., inorganic fertilization, tillage, crop residue removal and maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture, and traditional organic farmed soil "milpa," i.e., minimum tillage, rotation of maize, pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and organic fertilization were sampled. Both soils from the central highlands of Mexico were characterized and incubated aerobically at 5% field capacity (5%FC) and 100% field capacity (FC) for 45 days, while the C and N mineralization, enzyme activity and the bacterial community structure were monitored. After applying the different agricultural practices 3 years, the organic C content was 1.8-times larger in the milpa than in the conventional cultivated soil, the microbial biomass C 1.3-times, and C and N mineralization 2.0-times (mean for soil incubated at 5%FC and FC). The dehydrogenase, activity was significantly higher in the conventional cultivated soil than in the milpa soil when incubated at 5%FC, but not when incubated at FC. The relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes was larger in the conventional cultivated soil than in the milpa soil in soil both at 5%FC and FC, while that of Bacteroidetes showed an opposite trend. The relative abundance of other groups, such as Nitrospirae and Proteobacteria, was affected by cultivation technique, but controlled by soil water content. The relative abundance of other groups, e.g., FBP, Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteria, was affected by water content, but the effect depended on agricultural practice. For soil incubated at FC, the xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism related functions were higher in the milpa soil than in the conventional cultivated soil, and carbohydrate metabolism showed an opposite trend. It was found that agricultural practices and soil water content had a strong effect on soil characteristics, C and N mineralization, enzyme activity, and the bacterial community structure and its functionality. Decreases or increases in the relative abundance of bacterial groups when the soil water content decreased, i.e., from FC to 5%FC, was defined often by the cultivation technique, and the larger organic matter content in the milpa soil did not prevent large changes in the bacterial community structure when the soil was dried.

Malformaciones del conducto cístico / Malformations of the cystic duct

Se presenta el reporte de un paciente operado por una enfermedad no litiásica de la vía biliar principal, en el cual durante el estudio transoperatorio se encuentra una malformación o variedad anatómica del conducto cístico no reportada por la literatura nacional y/o extranjera. Se muestran imágenes de la misma. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica al respecto, no encontrando reportes similares (AU)

It is presented the report of a patient operated on for a nonlithiasic disease of the main biliary tract in whom it was found during the intraoperative study a malformation or anatomical variety of the cystic duct unreported by the national and/or foreign literature . Pictures of it are shown and it was performed a bibliographical review on the matter, finding no similar reports (AU)

Malformaciones del conducto cístico / Malformations of the cystic duct

Se presenta el reporte de un paciente operado por una enfermedad no litiásica de la vía biliar principal, en el cual durante el estudio transoperatorio se encuentra una malformación o variedad anatómica del conducto cístico no reportada por la literatura nacional y/o extranjera. Se muestran imágenes de la misma. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica al respecto, no encontrando reportes similares

It is presented the report of a patient operated on for a nonlithiasic disease of the main biliary tract in whom it was found during the intraoperative study a malformation or anatomical variety of the cystic duct unreported by the national and/or foreign literature . Pictures of it are shown and it was performed a bibliographical review on the matter, finding no similar reports

Perfil psicológico de delincuentes sexuales. Un estudio clínico con el MCMI-II (Millon, 1999) / Psychological profile of sexual delinquents. A clinical study with the MCMI-II (Millon, 1999)

Se realiza una evaluación del estilo de personalidad y síndromes clínicos a un total de 90 varones penados ingresados en prisión y divididos en tres grupos en función del delito cometido, con objeto de comparar sus perfiles psicológicos. Los grupos están formados por personas que han cometido tres tipos de delitos: delitos sexuales contra víctimas adultas, delitos sexuales contra menores y delitos no sexuales.A todos ellos se les ha administrado el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon-II (MCMI-II) obteniendo así un perfil psicológico y comparando sus puntuaciones.Los resultados indican que los delincuentes sexuales de menores presentan menos alteraciones estables de la personalidad y rasgos de personalidad de menor gravedad que los delincuentes sexuales de adultos y los que han cometido delitos no sexuales. (AU)