Neurogenic diabetes insipidus in a critical patient with COVID-19 pneumonia in treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report.

The following case report analyses a patient with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), who suffered from a severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 pneumonia. ARDS is defined as a diffuse and inflammatory injury of the lungs; classifying this as severe when the ratio of arterial oxygen tension to a fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) is equal to or lower than 100 mmHg. To decide if the patient was suitable for the use of ECMO therapy, the ELSO criteria were used; and in this case, the patient matched with the criteria of hypoxemic respiratory failure (with a PaO2/FiO2 < 80 mmHg) after optimal medical management, including, in the absence of contraindications, a trial of prone positioning. During hospitalization, the patient presented a Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI), probably explained by the damage hypoxia generated on the central nervous system. There are few reports of this complication produced by COVID-19. The case is about a 39-year-old woman, who started with ECMO 6 days after the beginning of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV), because of a severe ARDS. On the fifth day of ECMO, the patient started with a polyuria of 7 L in 24 h. A series of paraclinical studies were made, but no evidence of central nervous system lesions was found. After treatment with desmopressin was initiated and the ARDS was solved, polyuria stopped; with this, CDI was diagnosed. There are many complications secondary to the evolution of COVID-19 infection, and some of them are not yet well explained.

Fibrosis mediastinal, una causa poco frecuente de quilotórax bilateral: Reporte de caso / Mediastinal Fibrosis. A rare cause of bilateral chylothorax. Case Report

Antecedentes: La presencia de quilotórax se define como un líquido pleural con abundantes concentraciones de quilomicrones, o con niveles elevados de triglicéridos, mayor a 110 mg/dl y bajos de colesterol. Dentro de las causas más frecuentes de quilotórax no traumático o secundario a un abordaje quirúrgico tenemos las neoplasias hematológicas y tumoraciones mediastinales. Objetivo: Reportar el éxito de ésta opción terapéutica ofrecida. Caso clínico: Paciente femenino de 58 años con antecedente de 1 año de evolución con dolor lumbar. La tomografía reporta tumoración mediastinal con derrame pleural bilateral. Se realiza toracocentésis obteniendo calidad del liquido como quilotórax bilateral. Se inicia manejo medico y se procede a realizar toracotomía izquierda y toracoscopía derecha con pleurodesis química con iodopovidona. La paciente evoluciona favorablemente, dependiente de oxígeno. Los resultados finales de patología reportan mediastinitis fibrosante IgG4 negativo. Discusión: Los síntomas de presentación de la enfermedad son poco específicos y depende de la afectación de órganos torácicos. En nuestro caso se trató de afectación del conducto torácico, con la consecuente formación de quilotórax bilateral. Conclusiones: No existe un tratamiento curativo definitivo para esta enfermedad. La mortalidad es variable, reportándose de hasta 30% a 6 años y esta relacionada a la afectación de los órganos intratorácicos.

Background: The prescience of chylothorax is defined as pleural liquid with abundant concentrations of chylomicrons, with high levels of triglycerides, more than 110 mg/dl and low in cholesterol. Between the most frequent causes of non-traumatic chylothorax are secondary to a surgical procedure, hematologic neoplasms and mediastinal tumors. Objective: Report de success rate of the therapeutic technique used in this patient. Clinical Case: A 48-year-old female with history of 1 year of lumbar pain, a computer tomography was performed where mediastinal tumor and bilateral pleural effusion was diagnosed. A thoracentesis was performed diagnosing bilateral chylothorax. Medical treatment was started without improvement, a left thoracotomy and right thoracoscopy with chemical pleurodesis were performed. Patient improved clinically, dependent of oxygen. Final pathologic exam reported IgG4 negative fibrosant mediastinitis. Discussion: The symptoms of presentation of the disease are not specific and depend on the invasion to adjacent thoracic organs, with the consequent formation of bilateral chylothorax. Conclusions: No curative treatment exists for this disease. It presents with variable mortality, some of 30% at 6 years and it is related with intrathoracic organ affection.

Myocardial ischemia as presenting manifestation of IgG4-related disease: a case-based review.

Coronary involvement in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) has been scarcely reported, and myocardial ischemia as its presenting feature is even rarer. Here, we describe an additional case with novel and relevant observations. The patient was a previously healthy, middle-aged woman who presented to the clinic with new-onset typical angina. One tumefactive lesion encasing the left anterior descending artery was found during her workup. The most common underlying malignancies with secondary cardiac involvement were rationally ruled out. Symptoms persisted despite medical treatment, and she was therefore referred to surgery. Tumor excision was successfully performed, and she received coronary bypass grafting. IgG4-related coronary arteritis with pseudotumor formation was subsequently diagnosed following the comprehensive diagnostic criteria. This condition was clinically classified as active and circulating plasmablasts were found to be increased (5480/mL), even when these were determined 38 days after surgery. A PET/CT revealed an additional hypermetabolic lymph node. She was therefore treated with rituximab as induction therapy (two 1000 mg doses, administered 15 days apart). Three months later, her disease remained clinically inactive. Circulating plasmablasts were repeated and these had dropped to 0/mL. We thereafter review the current and pertinent literature on the topic, emphasizing the previous cases with similar presenting features (n = 7). We lastly suggest that IgG4-RD should be part of the differential diagnosis of any patient with tumefactive lesions surrounding the coronary arteries, since it can initially presented as sudden cardiac death.