RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a dangerous condition. Surgical VSR closure is the definitive therapy, but there is controversy regarding the surgical timing and the bridging therapy between diagnosis and intervention. The objective of this study is to analyze the ideal time of surgical repair and to establish the contribution of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices on the prognosis. METHODS: We designed an observational, retrospective, multicenter study, selecting all consecutive patients with post-AMI VSR between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018, with non-exclusion criteria. The main objective of this study was to analyze the optimal timing for surgical repair of post-AMI VSR. Secondary endpoints were to determine which factors could influence mortality in the patients of the surgical group. RESULTS: A total of 141 patients were included. We identified lower mortality rates with an odds ratio of 0.3 (0.1-0.9) in patients operated on from day 4 compared with the surgical mortality in the first 24 hours after VSR diagnosis. The use of MCS was more frequent in patients treated with surgery, particularly for intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP; 79.6% vs. 37.8%, p < 0.001), but also for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO; 18.2% vs. 6.4%, p = 0.134). Total mortality was 91.5% for conservative management and 52.3% with surgical repair (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we observed that the lowest mortality rates in patients with surgical repair of post-AMI VSR were observed in patients operated on from day 4 after diagnosis of VSR, compared to earlier interventions.
Asunto(s)
Infarto del Miocardio , Rotura Septal Ventricular , Enfermedad Aguda , Humanos , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Choque Cardiogénico/terapia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Rotura Septal Ventricular/diagnóstico , Rotura Septal Ventricular/etiología , Rotura Septal Ventricular/cirugíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture is a rare but severe complication of myocardial infarction with high mortality rates. Our goal was to analyze which factors could have an impact on mortality due to this entity over the past decade, including those related to mechanical circulatory support. METHODS: The CIVIAM registry is an observational, retrospective, multicenter study carried out in Spain. We designed a comparative analysis, focused on description of in-hospital management and in-hospital and 1-year total mortality as the primary endpoints, dividing the total observation time into 2 equal temporal periods (January 2008 to June2013 and July 2013 to December 2018). RESULTS: We included 120 consecutive patients. Total mortality during this period was 61.7% at 1-year follow-up. Patients in the second period were younger. One-year mortality was significantly reduced in the second period (75.6% vs 52.7%, P=.01), and this result was confirmed after adjustment by confounding factors (OR, 0.40; 95%CI, 0.17-0.98). Surgical repair was attempted in 58.7% vs 70.3%, (P=.194), and percutaneous closure in 8.7% and 6.8%, respectively (P=.476). Heart transplant was performed in 1 vs 5 patients (2.2% vs 6.8%, P=.405). The main difference in the clinical management between the 2 periods was the greater use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenatiom in the second half of the study period (4.4% vs 27%; P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture still carries a very high mortality risk. There has been a progressive trend to increased support with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenatiom and greater access to available corrective treatments, with higher survival rates.
Asunto(s)
Infarto del Miocardio , Rotura Septal Ventricular , Humanos , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Sistema de Registros , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Rotura Septal Ventricular/diagnóstico , Rotura Septal Ventricular/epidemiología , Rotura Septal Ventricular/etiologíaRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/cirugía , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Válvula Tricúspide/diagnóstico por imagen , Válvula Tricúspide/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Bloqueo de Rama/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Preexcitación/diagnóstico , Electrocardiografía/métodos , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMEN
Resumen: El tratamiento de las dislipemias ha mostrado un cambio constante en la última década. La aparición de relevantes ensayos clínicos con fármacos de gran poder hipolipemiante, como son los inhibidores de la absorción de colesterol y los inhibidores de la enzima proproteína convertasa subtilisina kexina tipo 9 (PCSK9), ha condicionado un cambio en la perspectiva del tratamiento, siendo necesaria una actualización de los objetivos en este terreno. A su vez, han surgido varios estudios que aportan evidencia sobre el riesgo individual de determinadas situaciones, como la diabetes o la hipercolesterolemia familiar, que han ayudado a estratificar adecuadamente a los pacientes y han facilitado información sobre qué niveles de colesterol son los más adecuados para prevenir el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular (CV). Además, han aparecido herramientas nuevas para poder individualizar cuál es el riesgo de cada individuo. Las técnicas de imagen CV se han desarrollado de tal manera que pueden diagnosticar el estado de salud o enfermedad, incluso en estadios precoces y en pacientes asintomáticos. Todos estos cambios han derivado en la aparición de nuevas guías de práctica clínica, siendo el análisis de las más actuales (ACC/AHA (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association) 2018 y ESC (European Society of Cardiology) 2019) el motivo de esta revisión.
Summary: Treatment of dyslipidemia has shown constant changes in the last decade. The emergence of several clinical trials with huge lipid lowering power, fundamentally cholesterol absorption inhibitors and PCSK9 inhibitors, has caused a change in the treatment perspective and an upgrade in patient control. At the same time, there has emerged various studies regarding the individual risk in certain situations, such as diabetes or familial hypercholesterolemia. They have helped to improve the stratification of patients and have contributed with ample data about best cholesterol levels to prevent cardiovascular disease. We have also now more tools for the individualization of patients' risk. Image tests have developed in such way that can change the perception of health and illness, even in early stages of the disease and asymptomatic patients. All these changes have resulted in appearance of new clinical practice guidelines, being the analysis of the most current (ACC/AHA (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association) 2018 and ESC (European Society of Cardiology) 2019) the purpose of this article.
Resumo: O tratamento da dislipidemia mostrou uma mudança constante na última década. O surgimento de grandes ensaios clínicos com medicamentos de alto poder hipolipemiante, como inibidores da absorção de colesterol e inibidores PCSK9, condicionou uma mudança na perspectiva do tratamento, exigindo uma atualização dos objetivos nesse campo. Por sua vez, surgiram varios estudos que fornecem evidências sobre o risco individual de certas situações, como diabetes ou hipercolesterolemia familiar, que ajudaram a estratificar adequadamente os pacientes e forneceram informações sobre quais níveis de colesterol são mais adequados para impedir o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares neles. Além disso, novas ferramentas parecem capazes de identificar mais qual é o risco de cada indivíduo. As técnicas de imagem cardiovascular foram desenvolvidas de forma a modificar o estado de saúde ou doença cardiovascular, mesmo em estágios iniciais e em pacientes assintomáticos. Todas essas mudanças resultaram no surgimento de novas diretrizes de prática clínica, com a análise das mais recentes (ACC/AHA (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association) 2018 e ESC (European Society of Cardiology) 2019) o motivo dessa revisão.
